Izinhlobonhlobo zezithombo ezibizwa ngokuthi "Dawn" (ezivela kwisiLatini iRAPHANUS SATIVUS VAR. I-RADICULA 'ZARYA') ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala. Wabalwa ngo-1989 ngabalimi abavela ku-All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Production.
Ngokuqhubekayo kulesi sihloko uzothola incazelo efanayo yezinhlobonhlobo, ikakhulukazi ukutshala kanye nezici zezinhlobo ezifanayo.
Kungani abe ethandwa kakhulu futhi yiziphi izinzuzo zakhe? Funda emakhakheni ethu bese ubona izithombe zale mifino.
Incazelo yempande
Umsuka obala obomvu obomvu kuya kumnyama obomvu ulinganiselwa ku-3.9 amasentimitha, ububanzi bungaba ama-3 cm. Ngokwesilinganiso, isisindo sesithelo esisodwa singama-18-20 amagremu (uma ikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile) kanye no-6-7 amagremu (uma ikhulile emhlabathini ovikelwe), ngakho-ke abalimi abanolwazi bakhetha ukukhulisa ama-radishes emhlabathini ovulekile ukuze bathole umphumela oyifunayo, ngenkathi bewunakekele ngokwengeziwe nokudla.
Isithombe
Lapha ungabona isithombe sesithombo seZarya:
Ukusetshenziswa Nezivuno
Isetshenziselwa ukwakha isaladi, ngoba iqukethe amavithamini aphezulu futhi ihlanganiswe nezinye izitshalo (ukhukhamba, utamatisi). Inyama yangaphakathi inomsoco futhi ithambile kakhulu, unombala omhlophe, izithelo zingagcinwa isikhathi eside, ungafali. Leli qabunga lilingana ngobukhulu, lihlukaniswe phakathi, li-pubescent elincane, ama-scapes kunomzimba omncane, usayizi ophakathi.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, izithelo zesithombo "Dawn" akuzona ezimbi. Umkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo uvela ku 1.5 kg. kufika ku-2.3 kg. nge-1 imitha yesikwele. Izithelo zikhishwa kalula, ngokunakekelwa kahle, umhlali wehlobo uthola impela amaphupho akhe.
Ukunakekela
Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela - ekuqaleni, nokuvuthwa kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-30. Efanelekayo kokubili indawo evulekile futhi ivaliwe, ikhetha izindawo ezishisayo, ezinomphumela onenzuzo ngesilinganiso sokuvuthwa nesithelo sezithelo.
Okungcono indawo ehlukaniswe nomoya. Isitshalo sokutshala 4x20 amasentimitha (imbewu ngayinye kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha angama-20 ukusuka olandelayo, hhayi kaningi).
Ukunakekelwa kuhle kakhulu.:
- Ukuphumula kuyadingeka;
- ukuchelela;
- ukutshala ukudla okunomsoco.
Inani lokuchelela lixhomeke esimweni sezulu: uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme kakhulu, kufanele lenzeke nsuku zonke, uma kwenzeka isimo sezulu esiphuzile, ukuchelela kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezinsukwini ezimbili. Njengokudla ongayisebenzisa:
- urea;
- superphosphate kabili;
- umlotha wokhuni;
- i-humus;
- umquba
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyenzeka ikakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala, ngenkathi umba inhlabathi yokutshala.
Ukunisela
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukutshala isithombo kufanele kuphathwe ngokuziphendulela: uma uwaphuza kaningi, izithelo zingase zibe ngamanzi futhi zinganambitheki ngenxa yobuningi obuningi. Kodwa uma ungaphuthelwa isikhathi sokuchelela, izithelo zesithombo ziyahlushwa, zinzima futhi zibaba kakhulu.
Kodwa ngokunakekelwa kahle umhlali wehlobo uthola izinzuzo eziningi.:
- isitshalo esicebile esingavumelani nokukhanya okuphansi;
- eside egcinwe.
Inenqwaba yezinzuzo ezizuzisa empilweni. Sizokubhala ngalokhu ngezansi.
Ukwengeza, lesi sitshalo sezimpande sichaza izakhiwo zokulwa namagciwane, kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwezakhi ezincane nezici ezibalulekile, amavithamini (isibonelo, okuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid ezithelo kufinyelela ku-41.4 mg%). Lokhu kunomphumela omuhle empilweni yezakhamuzi zehlobo kanye nemindeni yabo, kanti isithombo senza esinye sezilimo ezifunwa kakhulu nezifunwa kakhulu.
Izifo zokuphikisa
Izinhlobonhlobo zihlobene nokugula (isibonelo, ezijwayelekile ezifana nokubola okumhlophe noma umnyama omnyama, okuthinta izimpande zezitshalo, ungawavumeli ukuba zikhule ngosayizi oyifunayo), kodwa udinga ukondla okwengeziwe, ikakhulukazi uma izimo zezulu zingahlangabezane nesimiso (imvula, isimo sezulu esiphezulu, isithwathwa esibukhali ebusuku isikhathi sosuku).
Njengoba izindawo zokulima ziphakanyisiwe, ama-agronomists anikeza indawo evulekile nevikelekile ezindaweni ezifana nalokhu:
- Northwest.
- Ephakathi.
- I-Volga.
- I-West Siberia.
- I-Volgo-Vyatka.
- EMpumalanga Ekude.
- Isifunda sase-Ural seRussia Federation.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nombala wombala (izimbali azinciphisi ikhwalithi yezitshalo namaqabunga, ngakho-ke isithombo sibonakala sisha futhi singaguli).
Iyini isizathu sokuthandwa?
Izinhlobonhlobo zithandwa kakhulu, futhi zikhulile emazweni afana ne-Ukraine, iBelarus ne-Estonia, lapho isimo sezulu sithandekayo, futhi isivuno sicebile kakhulu.
Ukubuyekeza ngalezi zihlukahlukene kuningi kakhulu., balimi nabalimi be-agronomist:
- izinhlobo zokuvunwa eziphakeme;
- izakhiwo zokudla izithelo;
- imbewu iyatholakala kunoma yisiphi isitolo esikahle ukuvakashela.
Ukuzijabulisa nokulula ekunakekeleni kwenza lokhu kuhloswe kube okuthandwa kakhulu kukho konke okukhona okwamanje.
Isithombo "Zarya" siphumelele ngokuphelele enhlabathini, esondliwa futhi isilwe. Akudingi izimali ezengeziwe, kuphela ekunakekeleni nasekugcinweni kokulinganisela kwamanzi emhlabathini.
Izinhlobo ezifanayo
Izinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo nekhwalithi kufana nezinye izinhlobo zezithombo.
- Hlunga "i-Quart" (ubukhulu bufinyelela kumamentimitha amane, inyama iyamanzi futhi ithambile, ukunambitheka kuphansi-kubukhali ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nezilimo ezimpande). "I-Quart" ibuye isetshenziswe ekuqaleni kokuvuthwa, isikhathi sokuhluma okugcwele kuya ekuvuthweni kwezobuchwepheshe kuyahluka ezinsukwini ezingu-25 kuya kwezingu-30. Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nezifo, ikakhulukazi ukubola okumhlophe kanye nezithombo zomlenze omnyama.
- Olunye uhlobo olubukeka njengoDawn - isithombo "Ilke". Kungenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezikhathi zokuvuthwa okuphakathi, isikhathi kusukela ekuqaleni kokuhluma kuya ekuvuthweni yizinsuku ezingu-25-30. Izithelo zombala obomvu wefomu eliyindilinga elilinganisa kusuka ku-16 ukuya kwangu-20 amagremu, i-pulp imhlophe futhi enamanzi. Kubuye kuthinteke kalula yizilokazane ezitholakala ezitshalweni ezisemthonjeni.
Ngakho-ke, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zesithombo "Zarya" ingenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu, ezingabizi, futhi ezidingekayo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi abalimi abanolwazi baqaphela ukubaluleka kwalo futhi bamemezela ukuthi izinga lezithelo liphakeme kakhulu, isivuno sibuye siphakeme, kodwa ezihlukahlukene zidinga ukunakekelwa nokulawula izinga lokuswakama. Ukuvuna kokuqala kuvumela izakhamuzi zasehlobo kanye namalungu omndeni ukuba athole amavithamini adingekayo futhi aphinde abuyele emva kwesikhathi sasebusika, futhi izimfanelo zokunambitheka ngeke zikhange kuphela kubantu abadala, kodwa nasezingane.
