Eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, ama-hybrid ane-F1 okumaketha abelokhu adumile kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi nabalimi be-amateur.
Imbewu enjalo ihlukaniswa isivuno esiphezulu, izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzalanisa futhi ngokuvamile zizitholela impova.
Phakathi kwalezi nzalo kungenziwa i-tomato ehlukile "Umholi Olubomvu" F1.
Incazelo ehlukahlukene
Utamatisi "Umholi Wezimbongolo" F1 - hybrid entsha, ebhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala. Izithelo zivuthwe cishe izinsuku ezingu-80-85 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala. 
Ngenxa yokuthi kunezikhathi eziphakeme kakhulu, lezi zihlukahlukene akuzona izifo ezivamile ezimbi ezibonakalayo zamatamatisi - abanayo isikhathi sokuthuthukisa nokubhubhisa lesi sitshalo.
Kuzo izinhlobo zokuvuthwa zakuqala ezivuthiwe kufaka phakathi "njengeSiberia ekuqaleni", "Imfihlakalo", "isixhosa saseMongolia", "Katya", "Liana", "Yamal".
Izithelo ezivuthiwe ngokugcwele ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zesifunda saseYurophu zingaqoqwa ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyishumi kaJuni. Engeningizimu ye-Eurasia, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zingatshala ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezithombo.
Uyazi? I-F1 egameni lezinhlobonhlobo kusho i-hybrid. Ivela ku-Italian " filli"kusho ukuthini "izingane"futhi "1" - isizukulwane sokuqala sesi-hybrid.
Izinhlobonhlobo zingokwezihlobo ezithintekayo, unesakhiwo esijwayelekile se-bush, okuphakama kwawo ku-0.6-1 m. Ngemva kokuhluma kwamacembe ama-5-6, ibhulashi lokuqala livela. Ngemva kwalokho, ngemuva kweqabunga elilandelayo, - elinye i-ovary, njalonjalo. 
"Umholi" ukhululekile ekukhuleni emhlabathini ovulekile nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo. Ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, izithombo zezitshalo zitshalwe ngeviki lesibili lika-Ephreli, futhi zidluliselwa emhlabathini ezinsukwini ezingu-55-60.
Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa okulandelayo:
- Ukupholisa okusheshayo esitshalweni akuyona into embi;
- Utamatisi ufanelekile ngokulondolozwa konke;
- ukuphikiswa kwesifo;
- izithelo zikamasayizi amakhulu nezici zokunambitheka kakhulu.
Ezinye izinkinga zalezi zihlukahlukene:
- isakhiwo sesithelo sifana nekhabethe, sinamaseli amakhulu futhi kunalokho kukhululekile;
- ukungabi khona okuphelele kwe-asidi, izithelo zithandeka, ngisho nangendlela eluhlaza;
- ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwe-fetus.
Izithelo nezivuno
Isithelo sinomumo ohlangene, isisindo - 130-160 g. Ezinye izithelo zingafinyelela isisindo sika 0.5 kg noma ngaphezulu. Ukuvuthwa kwezobuciko kubonakala ngombala obala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka esimhlophe; imibala egcwele yokuvuthwa isithelo esibomvu.
Kuye ngesifunda, ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ngoJuni-Julayi. Esikhathini sokushisa, isivuno siyi-9-11 kg nge-1 sq. Km. m
Kubalulekile! Ungamanzi utamatisi kusuka ku-hose ngamanzi kampompi. Amanzi anjalo anzima kakhulu, futhi ukucindezela okuqinile nokushisa kwawo okuphansi kungalimaza isitshalo.
Ukukhethwa kwezithombo
Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, ezindaweni eziyiningizimu zezinhlobonhlobo ze-utamatisi "uMqondisi weLwephuzi" ezimweni ezihambisana nesimo sezulu zingasetshala futhi kube nembewu. Kodwa uma unquma ukuhlala ngendlela ejwayelekile - ukutshala izithombo, nokuthenga, khona-ke ukukhetha kwayo kufanele kuthathwe ngokungathí sina. 
Phela, izinga lezithombo lixhomeke ekutheni luhlobo luni lokuvuna oluzoqoqa.
Yiqiniso, ukhetho olwamukelekile kakhulu ukuthenga izithombo kumkhiqizi othembekile. Uma lokhu kungenakwenzeka, khuluma nomthengisi, mbuze ngalezi zihlukahlukene.
Uma kwenzeka ephendula ngokuzethemba imibuzo, imibukiso nezinkulumo mayelana nezici zobuntu balezi zinhlobo, kungenzeka ukuthi lo umkhiqizi ohlakaniphile futhi kufanele athembeke.
Kulokhu, ungaqhubeka esigabeni esilandelayo sokuhlola bese uqhuba ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezithombo.
Ukunakwa kufanele kubhalelwe izibonakaliso ezilandelayo zezitshalo:
- Ubudala bezithombo kufanele kube ngaphezu kwamaviki angu-7. Kuzo zonke izitshalo zaqala ukuthela izithelo ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele ukhethe izithombo zokukhula okufanayo.
- Khetha izithombo kuze kube ngu-0.3 m high. Izithombo kufanele zibe amaqabunga ama-10-12.
- Nakani iziqu (kumele kube nokuqina okwanele), uhlelo lwempande kufanele lwakhiwe, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezomile.
- Hlola izitshalo zezinambuzane nezifo ezihlukahlukene. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi amahlamvu aphikisiwe, ukungafani ngokweqile, ukwehlisa ubufakazi ubufakazi obucacile besifo esithathelwanayo. Esigabeni akufanele kube nezindawo ezahlukene noma ukuguqulwa kwezithombe.
- Kwezinye izimo, abakhiqizi bezithombo basebenzisa ama-accelerator ahlukahlukene ekukhuleni imbewu. Amahlamvu, ehle phansi, ngenkathi enebala elikhanyayo, elingenalutho eligcwele, liwuphawu lokuhlukumeza izinto ezinjalo.
- Izithombo kumele zibe neziqukathi ngenhlabathi: uma izithombo zikhona ngaphandle kwenhlabathi, kungcono ukungayitholi.
Uyazi? Isihlobo esiseduzane samatamatisi "Umholi we-Redskins" yiyona edumile, ehlukahlukene kamuva, "Bull's Heart".
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
Utamatisi abathanda kakhulu i-sandy loam noma i-loam ye-acidity neutral (i-pH engaphansi kwezingu-6), okuphakathi noma ngaphezulu kokuzala.
Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwamatamatisi kufanele igubhe ekwindla, ibhubhise ukhula futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo yenza umanyolo. Kubalulekile ukutshala nge-humus (5 kg nge-1 sq. M.) Kanye nama-fertilizer (50 g we-superphosphate noma u-25 g wewasawoti we-potassium nge-1 sq. M).
Amaminerali amaminerali afaka phakathi "Sudarushka", "Kemira", "Ammophos", "Plantafol", "Master".
Entwasahlobo, ngaphambi nje kokutshala izithombo emhlabathini, inhlabathi kufanele ikhule ngamanzi ama-droppings (1 kg ngalinye nge-1 sq. M), inani elifanayo lomkhuni okhuni kanye no-25 g ngehora elilodwa. m of ammonium sulfate.
Utamatisi awuthandi inhlabathi nge-asidi ephezulu. Uma unayo, kufanele uyiphathe nge-lime (cishe u-0.6-0.7 kg nge-1 sq. M). 
Utamatisi uzizwa kahle emhlabathini, lapho bakhula u-anyanisi, beet, izaqathe. Kuyamukeleka ukutshala emva kwamakhukhamba nama-radishes. Futhi ungaphuli imibhede lapho bekhula khona utamatisi, i-zucchini, amazambane noma ama-legumes.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukuze izithombo zesikhathi esizayo zihlakulele kahle, kudinga ukudala izimo ezihle:
- ukukhanya okuhle - kungcono ukuthi amafasitela abhekene nehlangothini engaseningizimu, hhayi ukuthunjwa (uma kunokukhanya okungokwemvelo okuncane, udinga ukwengeza okufakelwayo);
- umswakama okwanele - izithombo kufanele zifakwe kabili ngosuku;
- izinga lokushisa lomoya elivamile: ntambama - + 18-24 ° C; ebusuku - + 13-16 ° С.
Kubalulekile! Uma kunjalo, uma izithombo zihlwanyelwa endaweni yokushisa, ukuhlwanyela kungaqaliswa izinsuku ezingu-15-20 ngaphambi kwesikhathi esinconyelwe ukuvuleka.
Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya
Isikhathi esilinganisiwe sokutshala imbewu ka-tomato kungamaviki angu-8-9 ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile (ukushisa okushisa). Cishe emavikini angu-1-1,5 ngemuva kokutshala imbewu imbewu amahlumela okuqala azovela.
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esilinganiselwa ukuthi izithombo zizobe sewindini emva kokuvela kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Udinga ukucabangela ngokucophelela isikhathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu, ngoba uma uphahlaza izithombo emafasiteleni, isitshalo esidala ngeke sikhule futhi sibe nezitshalo eziphansi.
Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela imbewu zezithombo:
- Izwe laseRussia ne-Ukraine - iminyaka eyishumi edlule kaFebruwari-maphakathi no-Mashi (ukufika emhlabathini noma ukushisa - kusukela maphakathi no-Ephreli kuya ku-III eyishumi kaMeyi);
- maphakathi neRussia - kusukela maphakathi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi (ukufika emhlabathini noma ukushisa okushisa - kusukela ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-2 kaMeyi kuze kube sekuqaleni kwehlobo);
- Enyakatho yeRussia nakho konke okukude kunama-Urals - kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube maphakathi no-Ephreli (ukufika emhlabathini - maphakathi neshumi leminyaka kaMeyi kuya phakathi kukaJuni).
Kunembile kakhulu ukubala isikhathi sembewu yokutshala izithombo usebenzisa ifomula elandelayo: kusukela ekupheleni kweqhwa endaweni yakho, ukhiphe izinyanga ezingu-2 (+/- izinsuku ezingu-10) - lokhu kuzoba yisikhathi esihle sokutshala imbewu kulezi zithombo.
Ukulungiselela imbewu
Uma kwenzeka usebenzisa imbewu ehlanganisiwe yemikhiqizo ethandwayo, awudingi ukuwacubungula, sebevele bathola ukucwiliswa okudingekayo. Uma imbewu ithengwa emakethe noma iyisitshalo sakho, kumele ilandelwe ukusetshenziselwa izidakamizwa.
Ukuze lokhu kuhambisane namathuluzi alandelayo:
- Isixazululo se-potassium permanganate (1 g ngam 100 ml amanzi). Izinto zokutshala zihlanganiswe nge-gauze futhi zigcinwe isixazululo imizuzu engu-20. Bese ugeza imbewu ngamanzi ahambayo.
- Isixazululo se-soda (1 g ngomzuzu 200 wamanzi). Gweba indaba yosuku olulunye, ngaphezu kwe-aseptic, okugeza okunjalo kunomphumela ovusa ukuhluma.
- Isixazululo se "Fitosporin". Uma usebenzisa i-agent esebenzayo, kufanele uhlaziye i-drop 1 yodakamizwa ku-100 ml amanzi. Uma kusetshenziswe i-powder, thatha i-1 tsp. 200 ml amanzi. Inkambiso yesikhathi isukela emahoreni amabili kuya kokubili.
Kuyadingeka ukuthi kuncike ekutheni unqamuke nomhlabathi. Ngisho noma kuthengwa ephaketheni, lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso sokubumba, futhi akukho lutho olungayisho ngomhlabathi wensimu.
Ungenza inqubo kanje:
- ukushayela inhlabathi kuhhavini imizuzu engu-15 ku-+200 ° C;
- ukufudumala imizuzu emibili kule microwave;
- ukuchitha inhlabathi ngesisombululo esiphezulu se-potassium permanganate;
- gcwalisa inhlabathi ngamanzi abilayo ukuze iphume emigodini yemifula.
Ungaphakamisa indlela eyodwa kuya kwenye, iyozuzisa kuphela. Ngemva kokulima, shiya amaviki angu-1-1.5. Lesi yisikhathi esanele sokuba izincane ezincane ziwusizo futhi ziyadingeka ukuze lesi sitshalo siqale umsebenzi wabo obalulekile emhlabathini. 
Okuqukethwe nendawo
Okokuqala, gcwalisa amathangi okuhluma imbewu ngenhlabathi elungiselelwe futhi enamanzi. Izimbiza, iziplastiki, amabhokisi esitshalo samapulasitiki (anezimbobo ezenziwe ngomumo) angasebenza njengamathangi.
I-windows sill ingaba yindawo enhle yokuhluma uma ifudumele khona. Indawo eduze kwefasitela kwandisa ukugeleza kokukhanya.
Uyazi? Kunezinhlobo zezintathu ezingaba ngu-10 000. Okuncane kunayo yonke ifomu elivuthiwe alifinyelele ububanzi no-2 cm. Futhi ubuningi bekhulu kunazo zonke - cishe 1.5 kg Kunezithelo zezimbali ezibomvu, eziphuzi, ezibomvu nezimnyama.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu
Emhlabathini kudingeka ukuba wenze izimpande 1 cm ngokujula. Ibanga eliphakathi kwe-grooves liyi-3-4 cm. Imbewu ibekwa emagqumeni (3-4 cm isinyathelo). Ungakwazi ukumelana nebanga elide, khona-ke ngeke kube nesidingo esincane sokutshala izithombo kusuka ekuhlwanyeleni. I-groove kufanele ifakwe umhlaba. 
Ungahamba ngendlela elula: imbewu enikezwe emithanjeni ihlanganiswe nengqimba yenhlabathi 1 cm obukhulu. Isiqukathi sembewu sigcwele ingilazi noma ifilimu, lokhu kuzokwenza umswakama obalulekile futhi kube nomthelela ekugcineni ukushisa. Ukushisa okungcono kunama-26-30 ° C.
Ngakho-ke, uma i-sill iwindi ipholile, kufanele udale umthombo owengeziwe wokushisa (isib.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuqapha umswakama womhlabathi. Uma inhlabathi iyomile - yiphakamise ngesibhamu, uma izinga lokuswakama lidlulile - susa ingilazi yokuvimba futhi ulinde inhlabathi ukuba yomile.
Ngenxa yomswakama oqinile ebusweni bomhlabathi ungase uhlakulele i-fungus. Uma kwenzeka lokhu kwenzeka, susa ngokucophelela ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi bese uphatha lonke umhlabathi ngamagciwane antifungal (Fundazol, Fitosporin). 
Amahlumela okuqala avela emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5, uma umoya ngokuqondile ngaphezu kwezingqimba zomhlabathi ishisa kufika ku-25-28 ° C, futhi cishe ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva, uma umoya t + 20-25 ° С. Uma izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku + 10-12 ° C, izithombo kuzomele zilinde cishe amasonto amabili noma ngaphezulu.
Kubalulekile! Umquba wokutshala utamatisi uma ufika emhlabathini akufanele usetshenziswe - lizokwanda ukwanda komthamo ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti kunambalwa ama-ovaries.
Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo
Ukuze ukutshala okujwayelekile kwezimbewu isimo esidingekayo kukhona ukukhanya okwanele. Ngemuva kokuba amahlumela okuqala ahlume, nikeza izitshalo ngokukhanya okungokwemvelo ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kodwa ngisho nefasitela eliqhakazile liphelile ekupheleni kwasebusika nasekuseni kwentwasahlobo ngeke linikeze ukukhanya okwanele, ngakho-ke kuyodingeka ukuyihlanganisa ngokukhanya okufakelwayo. 
Indlela ejwayelekile ejwayelekile yeTugarov iyenziwa, ngokusho ukuthi izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala zidinga ukuqhutshwa kwamahlumela okuqhubekayo (nxazonke-amahora), emva kwalokho amandla kufanele ancishiswe amahora angu-16 ngosuku.
Amahlumela asanda kuhluma kufanele agcinwe ezimweni zomswakama we-100%. Ukugqoka ukugqoka (ifilimu, ingilazi) kufanele kususwe nsuku zonke isikhathi esifushane, ngokuyinyuka kancane kancane. Ekugcineni, isitshalo singavulwa ezinsukwini ezingu-10-15.
Izitshalo zingenza isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphuza. Isibonakaliso sesidingo sokunisela yisimo somhlabathi. Kufanele ihlale imanzi, kodwa ukuze ingabi yindawo engcolile.
Kodwa ukuma akufanele kuvunyelwe (izimpande zezitshalo zisesezincane kakhulu, zisezingeni elingenhla, futhi ukuma kwayo kuzokwenza izimpande zome). 
Namanzi izithombo kufanele zibheke ngokucophelela, ngaphansi kwesitshalo saleso sitshalo. Ungasebenzisa i-syringe ngaphandle kwenaliti. Ngemuva kokuthi ifilimu isusiwe, ukuchelela kufanele kwandiswe. Ngokukhula kosuku olumile, lesi sitshalo sizokhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke sidinga umswakama owengeziwe.
Ukuze izithombo zingamisiwe, kubalulekile ukulawula umswakama wenhlabathi ekuseni. Ngokukhula okujulile, amahlumela amancane akwazi ukuthatha konke umswakama ovela enhlabathini emini. Ngobusuku, lesi sitshalo singase sibe nama-drooping amahlamvu ngenxa yelanga lokukhanya kwelanga kanye nokukhula kwalo okusebenzayo, okususa umswakama emhlabathini.
Gcwalisa izithombo ezincane futhi. Khumbula: izithombo ezomile nezikhukhula zibukeka ngendlela efanayo - amahlamvu aluhlaza, ukungabi namandla okuqina. Kulokhu, qaphela isimo somhlabathi: uma kumanzi, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sasikhukhula.
Akukho mbuzo kwanoma yikuphi ukuchelela okwengeziwe. Beka isitsha nge izithombo endaweni ngaphandle ukufinyelela ilanga ngqo bese ulinde kuze inhlabathi isomile ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokho, hlela ubukhulu bokuphuza okuqhubekayo. 
Uyazi? Umlimi waseMelika uRobert Baur ngo-2003 waletha umshwalense "tomacco" ngokunamathisela utamatisi esitokisini sogwayi. Kubonakala sengathi utamatisi futhi uqukethe i-nicotine.
Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba amahlumela amancane ahlanganise ubanda nomhlabathi onomanzi. Ngakho-ke, akusiluleka ukuchitha ukusalela kusihlwa kuze kube ngo-Ephreli, njengoba izinga lokushisa ebusuku liholela ekuqothulweni kwesimiso kanye nokufa kwesitshalo.
Lapho kuqala izinsuku zasentwasahlobo efudumele, lapho kungekho moya, thatha izithombo kumklomelo noma emgwaqweni. Ngosuku olushushu olushushu ngoMashi, ukushisa kwomoya kungafinyelela + ku-16-18 ° С. Le nqubo isetshenziselwa ukukhuni futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nokukhanya kwelanga kusitshalo.
Ngokushesha ngemva kwehlumela, utamatisi unokuvikelwa kwe-UV yemvelo (kusuka ku-ultraviolet). Ngakho-ke, uma unehlumela eliqhekekile, kanti isimo sezulu sifudumele, singenamandla, ungesabi ukuletha "umntwana" emoyeni omusha, akukho lutho oluzokwenzeka kulo. 
Uma ungazange ukwenze lokhu ngosuku lokudubula (ukhohlwe noma ungenalo isimo sezulu esifanele), akufanele ukwenze ngezinsuku ezimbalwa. Kulesi simo, udinga kancane kancane ukutshala isitshalo ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Ungaqala ngomkhondo weminithi emihlanu, ungeze imizuzu emihlanu nsuku zonke.
Izithombo kufanele ziqale ukondla emva kwezinsuku ezingu-15-20 emva kokuhluma. Khona-ke ihlumela ifaka isonto ngalinye. Kungcono ukusebenzisa i-organic matter - isisombululo esilula somquba noma utshani. I-Biohumus izophinde isebenze, udinga ukusebenzisa i-1/2 yesilinganiso esinconywayo sokudla okujwayelekile.
Lapho izithombo zifinyelela emasontweni ayisithupha, ama-ovaries wokuqala ama-brushes ezimbali azoqala ukuvela. Ukubukeka kwabo kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi emasontweni ama-1.5-2 sekuyisikhathi sokutshala izithombo emhlabathini. Uma ungenayo isikhathi sokutshala izithombo ukuze uhlale unomphela, esikhathini esizayo kunganciphisa isivuno saso.
Uma izithombo zizoqhubeka zikhona emathonjeni ezitshalo, zinakekele umhlaba okwanele (ukudubula okungu-1 l / 1). 
Uma utamatisi e-hotbeds amancane ngaphezu kwesikhathi esimisiwe okungenani amasonto angu-1-1.5 futhi aqhakaze ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngeke aphinde akhule futhi azohlala encane ngisho nangemva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo endaweni evulekile.
Le nkinga ingaxazululwa ngale ndlela: ukusika i-ovary yokuqala yezimbali, olandelayo ngeke ube ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingu-6-7 - lokhu kungukubambezeleka kwenqubo yokufakelwa.
Ukutshala izithombo phansi
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla ezitsheni zokushisa noma emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele libe ngu-0.4 m. Uma unquma ukwenza isitsha somuntu ngamunye kwisitshalo ngasinye (isibonelo, emgodini), kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izihlahla ezihlukahlukene ze-tomato ezinhlobonhlobo ze "Red Leader" zihlukahlukene "idinga ama-9-12 amalitha omhlaba.
Zijwayele ngemithetho yokutshala utamatisi efasiteleni.
Ngokuba utamatisi kuyinto efanelekayo chernozem exutshwe peat in izingxenye ezilinganayo. 
Zama ukuthatha usuku oluhle lokutshala izithombo emhlabathini ukuze kungabikho umoya futhi akukho ukukhanya kwelanga. Gweba isiqu sesitshalo ngasinye 2-3 cm emhlabathini. Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5, uhlelo lwempande luzoqala ukuthuthukisa nokugcina isitshalo kahle.
Emva kokutshala, utamatisi udinga ukuphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele.
Kubalulekile! Izithombo, ezivezwa nsuku zonke elangeni, ngesikhathi ziphuma endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula, ukukhula kwabo kutholakala ngokushesha imbewu ehlwanyelwe inyanga ngaphambili, kodwa egcinwa yedwa lapho izimo zingekho.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zezitshalo ze-tomato ezikhulayo emhlabathini ovulekile
Ukuze ukhule utamatisi, "Umholi we-Redskins" angabuye avela emhlabathini ovulekile, ikakhulukazi eningizimu yeRussia nasensimini enkulu ye-Ukraine. Lezi zihlukahlukene azizesabi amaqhwa amfushane. 
Futhi embewu emhlabathini, ama-frosts aphansi e-Ephrebhu ebusuku, okuyizinye izikhathi ezingxenyeni zethu, aziyingozi nhlobo.
Izimo zangaphandle
Ukuze kuhlwanyele imbewu yamatamatisi afanele kokubili ukushisa nokuvuleka komhlaba. Uma uzokukhula emhlabathini, qaphela ukuhambisana okuphezulu ngenhla utamatisi kanye nalawo izitshalo ezikhule kule ndawo phambi kwazo. Indawo kufanele, uma kungenzeka, ivikeleke emoyeni.
Utamatisi awuthandi ukwedlula ngokweqile uhlelo lwempande, ngakho-ke isibamba sokushisa sivikelekile kulesi sitshalo, nakuba sidinga umsebenzi omningi (kubalulekile ukulungisa inhlabathi kanye nokushisa okwakhiwa kusukela ekwindla).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma utamatisi ukhule kahle endle, zizoqina, zibekezelele kokubili ukushisa nokubandayo, izifo nezinambuzane. 
Hlola indawo evalisayo. Bala (ngokususelwa ku-0.4m ubuncane phakathi kwezitshalo kanye no-0.6 m phakathi kwemigqa), zingaki ezihlahleni ezingatshalalwa kule ndawo.
Uma unesibamba sokushisa kanye nendawo efanele endaweni evulekile, zama ukuhlanganisa - utshale ezinye utamatisi endaweni yokushisa, ezinye zivulekile. Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukuqhathanisa imiphumela ngemva kokuvuna.
Uyazi? Utamatisi obomvu unezakhi ezingaphezulu kuneziphuzi.
Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini
Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala kumele ifakwe kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-20, bese ihlanza. Hlanza ngokucophelela imbewu nge ungqimba owodwa phakathi nesikhala sopotini. Yibe usufaka emgqeni. Ukuphela komkhawulo owodwa we-roller ophumela ekubeni isisombululo somsoco. 
Zokupheka eziningana zokulungiselela isisombululo:
- Amathebulethi angu-0.5 e-"Immunocytofit" kuya ku-0.5 amalitha amanzi;
- 0.25 tsp. i-nitrophosphates noma imikhiqizo ye-Cinderella ene-0.5 amalitha amanzi;
- uncibilikise amanzi noma itiye eqinile.
I-wick eyenza wena isisombululo esingaphansi kwesisombululo ngo-2 cm bese uthumela imbewu kanye nokudla esiqandisini. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, dlulisa isitsha sembewu ukushisa, ukumboza ngephepha bese ubamba izinsuku ezintathu.
Ukuqala ukuhlwanyela imbewu kufanele kube phakathi no-May. Kufanele zihlume ngalesi sikhathi.
Emthonjeni ngamunye ngokujula kwama-5-7 cm, faka imbewu ka-2-3 ye-utamatisi, engeza ezitokisini ze-urea ne-humus. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezimbobo alingaphansi kwezingu-0.4 m, i-aisles ingu-0.6 m. Vala izimbobo ngomhlaba bese uhamba kancane.
Uma uhlala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, faka umgodi ngamabhodlela eplastiki eplastiki (esobala). 
Uma kwenzeka ama-frosts abalulekile, afudumele nge-mulch (utshani). Ngemva kokuba izitshalo zifinyelele ukuphakama kuka-10-13 cm, susa ikhava. Kungcono kakhulu ukwenza lokhu kusihlwa.
Ngaphezulu kwamatamatisi, uqoqe ifreyimu yamapayipi epulasitiki, umboze ngezinto ezingezona eziboshwe noma i-agrofibre.
Ukunisela
Akufanele sicabange ukuthi izitshalo ezithanda umswakama, zidinga ukuphuziswa kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe njengoba inhlabathi yoma. Uma isimo sezulu sihamba kahle, asikho imvula futhi asishisayo; ukuphuza okungu-1 ngeviki kuyanele.
Amanzi akufanele abe amakhaza, amanzi asemanzini afaneleka kakhulu ekushiseni kwemvelo emini. 
Utamatisi afana nokuchelela uhlobo lwe-drip noma ngaphansi komhlaba. Ngosizo lwamabhodlela epulasitiki ukuhlela ukuchelela okunjalo akulula. Lolu hlelo lokunisela lukuvumela ukuba unike isivuno esikhulu, kuyilapho unciphisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo. Ungakwazi futhi ukuhambisa isisombululo somlotha.
Ukunisela akufanele kube okungajwayelekile, kepha kuningi kakhulu, ikakhulu lapho izithelo ziboshwe. Ukuphuza okuvame kakhulu kwe-volume akufanelekile ku-"Umholi Wezimbongolo" (Nokho, ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zezotamatisi).
Ngesikhathi sokuphuza, landela i-jet yamanzi ukuze ingadli inhlabathi. Gwema ukuthola amanzi emahlamvu kanye nezithelo.
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi oluhlaza luqukethe i-solanine - i-glycoalkaloid enobuthi engabangela ngisho nemiphumela ebulalayo ekugxileni okwanele. Lapho izithelo zivuthwa, zidiliza ngokuphelele. Yingakho ukuvuthwa kwezithelo eziluhlaza kuyadingeka ukuze igumbi libe nokuphuza umoya.
Ukuphuza utamatisi kungcono kusihlwa, lapho ukushisa kwehla. Khona-ke umswakama uphumelela kangcono, ngoba ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga kuhlanganiswa ngokulinganayo futhi akuguquki. Ukuze uthole ukuthi utamatisi uthola umswakama okwanele, bheka amaqabunga awo: uma emnyama futhi epholile, kukhona ukuntuleka kwamanzi.
Unganisela amathemikhali ukugcwalisa imibhede. Ngalokhu udinga ukwakha imigqa emibili yemibhede. Phakathi nangohlangothini kwenza i-grooves. Bayeke emanzini, okumele agcwalise lezi zikhawu kuze kube semgqeni.
Ngalendlela, inhlabathi iminyene. Ngokufanayo, ungakwazi ukufaka amanzi utamatisi ngaphambi kokuhluma, izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngesonto ziyokwanela. Cishe, kudingekile amalitha amanzi angama-10 ngesitshalo ngasinye. Khona-ke amandla okuchelela kufanele ancishiswe.
Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula
Njalo ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwezwe elizungeze izihlahla. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-crust ibonakale, kufanele iqhume. Lesi simo akufanele sikwesabise: i-crust, njengombuso, ivela njalo ngemva kwemvula ngayinye. Hlanganisa inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla, lokhu kuzokuvimbela umhlabathi ukuthi ungabe usomile. 
Ukuze ukhulule inhlabathi kumele kube emva kokunisela ngamunye, okungukuthi, cishe kabili ngesonto. Inqubo yenziwa ngokuhlanganyela ne-weeding. Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingu-15-20, zikhululiwe ekujuleni kuka-10 cm, kamuva, lapho isimiso sezimpande sikhula, ukujula kuncishiswe ku-7 cm ukuze kungalimazi izimpande.
Uma inhlabathi isindayo ngokwanele, kulezo zindawo ezingekho izimpande, zithukulule.
Lapho isihlahla sikhula, ukukhululeka kuhlangene nokukhuphuka. Awuvumeli izimpande zezintambo futhi kusiza ukufudumala okujwayelekile kwenhlabathi nokuhlanganiswa kohlelo lwempande. Ukuqala kwezintaba kuqhutshwa izinsuku ezingu-15-20 ngemuva kokufika, okulandelayo - emva kwesikhathi esifanayo. I-Spud ingaba nomhlabathi omanzi noma ama-humus.
Ukuhlunga kwenziwa njengoba kudingeka. Sidinga ukukhula ukhula phakathi kwemigqa kanye nesikhala phakathi kwehlathi (kahle).
Uyazi? Utamatisi omkhulu kunawo wonke wezwe olinganiselwa ku-3k kg wenyuka e-United States, eWisconsin.
Masking
Ukuthola inqubo edingekayo ekukhipheni ama-stepons - amahlumela angakwazi ukuguqula isitshalo ngesitshalo esikhulu. Bayoba nezimbali eziningi futhi izithelo eziningi. 
Kodwa bonke bazoba bancane futhi ngeke babe nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, njengoba zonke izinto ezizuzisa izitshalo ezithatha emhlabathini zizoya ekukhuleni kobukhulu obuhlaza. Ukungavikeleki komuthi wesitshalo kuncishisiwe, kuthinteka izifo ezihlukahlukene zezici ezingafinyelela kwezinye iziko.
Funda ukuthi ungamathisa kanjani utamatisi ngokushisa nokushisa.
"Umholi we-Redskins" ubhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ezithintekayo, okungukuthi, lezo ezinganiselwe ekukhuleni. Izinhlobo ezinjalo ezinyathelweni zokuqala zentuthuko akufanelekile i-stepon, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla singayeka ukukhula. Ukuthuthukiswa okuvamile akususi i-stepon etholakala ngaphansi kwe-inflorescence engenhla.
Kamuva, lokhu kuphunyuka kungasuswa, kuzothatha isikhundla salowo otholakale ngenhla, njalonjalo. Le nqubo izovumela isihlahla ukuba sikhule futhi sithuthukise. Isimo sezulu esishisayo ukunikeza isihlahla sikhule sibe iziqu ezintathu. Indlela enjalo izodala izimo ezithandekayo zalesi sitshalo. 
Eminye yemithetho yokungcwaba:
- ukwakhiwa kwesiko kufanele kuqale ngemuva kokuthi kukhule ngokuzethemba;
- kungcono ukususa izinyathelo ngezandla zabo (emva kokuzifinyelela cishe ngo-6 cm ubude), ukuze "isitshalo" 1.5 cm siphezulu;
- usamatisi utamatisi kangcono ekuseni.
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi ucebile kumaminerali enempilo. I-potassium inomphumela omuhle enhliziyweni, i-magnesium iyashintsha umzimba kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, i-zinc - ikhambi elihle kakhulu le-anemia, i-phosphorus - isici esibalulekile ekusebenzeni kwe-endocrine, i-calcium inikeza amathambo indawo enqaba.
Ibhande le-Garter
Abanye balimi bakholelwa ukuthi ukubopha utamatisi wezinhlobo ze-determinantal akudingekile. Kunengqondo kulokhu, njengoba izinhlobo ezincane ezikhulayo azidingi ngempela le nqubo. Ngakho-ke, sihlala kuphela kumaphuzu amakhulu ngokuphathelene ne-garter yamatamatisi. 
Ezinye izinzuzo zokubopha utamatisi:
- Izinhlobo ezide ziboshwe ukuze kugweme ukwephula amagatsha ngesikhathi se-fruiting;
- ukuhlanganiswa kwesitshalo kuthola ilanga elengeziwe;
- igatsha elingalinamathele elisemhlabathini lingenakuzivikela ngokumelene nezinambuzane;
- ngisho noma isitshalo sinesiqu esinamandla, sinengozi emvuleni noma emvula enkulu;
- isihlahla sisebenzisa amandla ayo ngokuhlala esimweni esiqinile, i-garter ikhulula lesi sitshalo kulolu hlobo lomzabalazo wokuphila;
- Izitshalo eziboshiwe kulula ukuwasebenzisa;
- pasynkovanie, ukuvunwa nokunakekelwa kulula ukubamba isitshalo esiboshwe.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi inqubo yokubopha ihlose ukusiza impilo yesitshalo, futhi, ngokufanele, ikhulise ukusebenza kwayo nokukhiqiza.
Okulandelayo yizinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuhlanganisa:
- i-garter ngezigxobo;
- phezu kwe-trellis;
- amaseli;
- ama-caps
E-intanethi ungathola ulwazi oluningi oluthe xaxa mayelana nezindlela zonke ze-garter, kodwa kudingekile ukuphinda ukuthi kunombono owuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi abanolwazi ukuthi izinhlobo ze-determinantal, ezifana ne "Red Leader", azikho i-garter edingekayo.
Uma usenquma ukubopha isihlahla, kufanelekile ukuthi izindlela ezimbili zokuqala (izigxobo kanye ne-trellis) azifanelekile ngempela lezi zinhlobonhlobo. Yeka ukuqoqa ngamakheji noma ama-caps.
Uyazi? Ngokuphathelene ne-botany, utamatisi yi-berry. Ngo-1893, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-United States yanquma ukuthi utamatisi - imifino, ngoba naphezu kokuthi utamatisi lenzelwe imbewu, njengezinye izithelo namajikijolo, azisebenzisi njenge dessert, angadliwa aluhlaza. Kodwa-ke, ngo-2001, i-EU yanquma ukuhlukanisa utamatisi njengesithelo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Emva kokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili okuqala we utamatisi, amahlumela kufanele abe mncane. Emthonjeni ngamunye, shiya isitshalo esisodwa, zonke ezinye ziyakunqunywa, kunoma yikuphi okungazange zikhishwe. Emva kwezinsuku ezimbili, lesi sitshalo kumele sondliwe nge-ammonium nitrate (15 g ngalinye ngamaminithi ayi-10 l). Ukudubula okulodwa, 500 ml umanyolo wanele. 
Kudliwa okuphindaphindiwe kuyodingeka lapho isitshalo siqala ukuthela izithelo. Udinga 20 g we-superphosphate kanye no-10 g we-potassium chloride. Izitshalo zilala ezindaweni ezincane kuya ku-6 cm ekujuleni, kude no-0.2m ukusuka ezitshalweni, futhi izimpungushe zigcwele umhlaba. Inqubo kufanele yenziwe enhlabathini enomanzi.
Efanelekayo njengamanyolo kanye nokukhipha kwamanzi we-mullein (ama-20 kg ngamabhakede ayishumi amanzi, isikhathi sokukhipha - izinsuku ezingu-9-12). Ukuze ukondle izithombo, udinga ukuhlanza i-1 litre lokumnika ibhakede lamanzi. Esitshalweni esisodwa - 500ml yesisombululo.
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Phakathi kwezinambuzane ezisongela kakhulu utamatisi yizi:
- Medvedka - itholakala enhlabathini enomswakama ogcwele umquba omningi. Ingozi imelelwa abantu ababili abadala kanye nezibungu zezibungu. Izinambuzane zenza amavesi enhlabathini, ziqoqe isitshalo, zilimaze isihlahla se-tomato. Balwa nabo ngosizo lwezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ("Aktara", "Rubit", "Force", "Grizzly", "Konfidor", "Bowerin", "Medvetoks", njll). Ungafaki utamatisi nge-mullein, udinga ukukhulula ama-aisles ukubhubhisa amaqanda, ungakwazi ukuhamba ngama-marigolds azungeze umkhawulo wesigcawu (funa inambuzane ngephunga layo).
- I-wireworm - kuphazamisa impande nesitshalo sesitshalo. Utamatisi uyeka ukuthuthukiswa, ubune futhi uphenduke ophuzi. Ukusetshenziswa kokuvikela "Basudin". Ithuluzi lixubene nesihlabathi kanye ne-sawdust futhi lingcwatshwe eduze nesitshalo.
- Hamba ngesitamatisi - izinambuzane zasebusuku. Isibungu sibhubhisa iziqongonga, futhi njengoba sikhula, kuthatha amaqabunga nama-ovari. Lapho izithelo zivela, ukuhleka akuzinaki. Balwa nalo ngosizo lwamakhambi omuntu: ukutshala i-calendula, ukupompa ukumnika kwemicibisholo nezithelo zikagalikhi, i-tincture ye-burdock.
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi aqukethe isamba esikhulu samavithamini A no-C, kanye ne-fiber. Zine-lycopene, i-pigment engakhiwanga emzimbeni womuntu. Ukhona antioxidant enamandla enciphisa ingozi yomdlavuza futhi ivimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zenhliziyo.
Izifo ezithinta kakhulu utamatisi:
- Indawo emhlophe- isifo se-fungal samaqabunga neziqu. Amabala abomvu avela, amaqabunga awe, ama-pathogens overwinter kuwo. Ukuqeda lesi sifo, isisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux liquid sisetshenziswa, entwasahlobo nasekwindla zibhubhisa amaqabunga awile.
- Umlenze omnyama- isifo se-fungal samaqabunga neziqu. I-pathogen isemhlabathini. Ukuze ugweme ukubonakala, kubalulekile ukuphatha umhlabathi nge-sulfur colloidal (5 mg nge-1 sq. M) kanye ne-potassium permanganate (5 g ngalinye ngo-10 l) ngaphambi kokutshala. Uma kwenzeka isifo, izitshalo ezigulayo zisuswa kanye nomhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukulawula ukuthi inhlabathi ayinamanzi kakhulu futhi inokushisa okuphezulu.
- I-Phyllosticosis - kuthinta amaqabunga aphansi esihlahleni samatamatisi. Ehlangothini langaphambili lamashidi - amabala aphuzi, ngemuva - umnqumo. Amahlamvu ayomile futhi adle. Kufanele ukunciphisa umswakama emoyeni ube ngu-60%. I-sulfate ye-Copper isetshenziselwa, futhi isitshalo sitshalwe kwenye indawo (uma kukhona ukushisa).
- Ukuphazamisa okwesikhashana - isifo sefungal esidluliselwa emoyeni, inhlabathi, imbewu yembewu. Isizathu saleso sifo kungukuntuleka kwe-iodine, manganese, potassium nethusi. Kufanele iphathwe ngesisombululo se-2% sosawoti.
- I-necrosis yebhaktheriya - iholela ekufeni kwezinso. Amabala amhlophe avela nezilonda ezimnyama phakathi. Isizathu sokubukeka kukhona umswakama ophezulu nokushisa. Isitshalo esandulele lesi sifo kufanele sichithwe.
Njengoba sekushiwo ngenhla, izinhlobonhlobo "Umholi wezimbongolo" ziyisifo esingenamandla. Ngakho-ke, uma wenza konke ngokufanele futhi ulandele izincomo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi izinkinga ezingenhla ziyokuthinta.
Izifo ezivamile zika utamatisi zibandakanya i-fusarium wilt, i-clasporiosis, i-leaf curl, ne-alternaria.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Utamatisi uneziqu ezine zokuvuthwa: utamatisi oluhlaza, omhlophe, obomvu nokubomvu. Utamatisi okwakubomvu kufanele kusetshenziswe (kucutshungulwa) ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Kungcono kakhulu ukhethe utamatisi omnyama.
Utamatisi awubekezeleli isithwathwa, uma selehlile isikhathi esanele ngo-4 ° C, ngeke asisvuthwe. Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi, noma ngabe utamatisi wakho uthela izithelo kuze kube sekupheleni, akufanele ukulibazise ukuvuna kwabo kuze kufike izinga lokushisa ebusuku liye lafika embonini ekhonjisiwe.
Uyazi? Uma kunjalo, kuqhubeka ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi utamatisi - lokhu kuyisithelo, ngakho kufanele uqaphele iqiniso lokuthi yisithelo esithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ukukhiqizwa kwalo ngonyaka - Amathani ayizigidi ezingu-60 (ngaphezu kuka-15% awo akhuliswa yiChina), lokhu kungamathani ayizigidi ezingu-16 ngaphezu kwamabhanana asetshalwe, kanti amathani ayizigidi ezingu-24 ngaphezu kwenani lama-apple kwezitshalo emhlabeni wonke.
Uma utamatisi eqoqwe ngesikhathi, ungakwazi ukuwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwawo. Kunendlela enjalo: amahlumela amathisitusi aluhlaza ahlulwa, afakwe emigodini ephakeme ngamamitha angu-0.6-0.8, ehlanganiswe nezimpande, ehlanganiswe ne-hay.
Ngemuva kwesonto, lapho kufudumala ngaphandle, utshani (utshani) uphakanyiswa futhi utamatisi ovuthiwe akhethiwe. Futhi benza lokhu kuze kube yilapho izithelo ezisele zivuthwe, ngezikhathi ezithile zisusa izifo noma zibolile.
Utamatisi ufinyelela kahle ezindlini zokugcina izithombo at + 17-24 ° C futhi cishe 75% umoya umswakama. Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zihlanjululwa ukuze zivimbele ukushisa kwelanga, kanti iqhwa ligcwele utshani.
Utamatisi ufinyelela futhi egumbini, elihlelwe ungqimba olulodwa. Izithelo kufanele ziphenduke futhi igumbi lomoya. 
Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka
Kukhona ezinye izinto ezingathinteki lapho utamatisi obomvu ekhulayo ephuma emhlabathini emhlabathini: udinga imbewu eningi kunalokhu uqala ukutshala izithombo, ukhula luqala emva kwesikhathi, kanti inani labo lilinganiselwa ku-1/4 ngaphansi kwesithombo.
Kodwa, ngenxa yale ndlela yokulima, utamatisi ukhula kakhudlwana kwesifo, ukubekezelela ukushisa nokushisa kangcono, futhi uthwale izithelo kuze kube seqhwa.
Kubalulekile! Utamatisi aphikisana ne-cholelithiasis, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nezinso zezinso.
Kungase kube nezinkinga ezivame ukufana nokutshala utamatisi, isibonelo, amaqabunga noma izithelo eziwile. 
Nazi ezinye zezimbangela ezivame kakhulu zeqabunga eziwela utamatisi:
- inhlabathi inomswakama kakhulu - inhlabathi akufanele iphenduke ingcolile, idinga ukoma ngokwanele;
- inani elincane elangeni lingabangela amaqabunga awile;
- ukuntuleka kwezakhi;
- ezinye izifo (indawo emhlophe).
Ngakho-ke, lapho ubuthana futhi ulungisa ukuvuna utamatisi ovuthiwe, okudingekayo ngoSepthemba ulondolozo, ungakwazi ukujabulela ama-saladi amifino emifino emifino eluhlaza, izithelo zokuvuthwa kancane kancane, kuze kufike ukushisa kwebusika.
