Konke mayelana nezinqathe eziphuzi: kusukela emlandweni wokukhethwa kokutshala nokuvuna

Ama-karoti iyisitshalo se-biennial somndeni wesambulela. Izitshalo zaso zitholakala ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila futhi ziyadliwa ngokushesha.

Ama-karoti avamile cishe kuwo wonke amazwe futhi afaka cishe izinhlobo ezingu-60. Okokuqala, amaqabunga nezinhlamvu kuphela ezazisetshenziselwa ukudla, futhi kamuva kuphela baqala ukukhula ngenxa yemifino yezimpande.

Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngama-karoti aphuzi: izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwemifino, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, izinhlobo kanye nezici zazo, kanye nokutshala nokunakekela imifino.

Umlando omfushane wokukhetha

Ngaphambili, izaqathe eziphuzi azibonwanga njengezihlukahlukene ezihlukahlukene.. Le mifuno yemifino isilokhu itholakala endle. Manje kunezinhlamvu eziningi ezibonisa abalimi. Kuze kube sekhulwini leshumi le-16, izimpande zemibala ehlukene zingasakazeka, futhi manje lo mkhuba ubuyela.

Abalimi abavela emazweni ahlukene baqhuba ucwaningo njalo ekuthuthukiseni izinhlobo ezintsha nezinhlobonhlobo zezaqathe. Kunezinhlobo zezinqathe, ezitholakala njengesitshalo sokudla ezifuywayo. Izazi zezinto eziphilayo zisebenza njalo ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka, ubumnandi, izimo ezinomsoco zokuvuthwa nokugcina izaqathe.

Kukhona imibala ehlukahlukene yesanqante: i-orange, iphuzi, iphuzi nomhlophe. Okuthandwa kakhulu yisanqante ephuzi.

Iyini le mifino futhi ibonakala kanjani?

• Izitshalo: Iziqongo zesanqante eliphuzi libukeka njengeqhwa elihlaza elikhanyayo lamaqabunga ahlakaziwe afana ne-feather.
• Umsuka wemifino: imifino ephuzi, ehlangene ikhula ngaphansi komhlaba.

Yini ehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo?

1. I-isanqante ephuzi ihluke kwezinye izinhlobo ezinemibala nokunambitha. Kuyinto izakhiwo eziwusizo futhi ezihlukile kakhulu eziwusizo. Umbala we-isanqante ephuzi inikeza i-xanthophyll pigment.
2. Izaqathe eziphuzi ziqukethe umswakama ophansi kune-orange.
3. Imifino ephuzi ephuzi ine-lutein, okuvimbela izinkinga ezihlukahlukene ngesimiso senhliziyo.
4. Isanqante eseliphuzi idlula i-orange.
5. Ukuze ukhule lezi zinhlobonhlobo izaqathe zidinga isimo sezulu esishisayo.

Kuphi okukhulayo?

Kungcono ukukhulisa insimu eningizimu yeRussia ngokutshala izaqathe eziphuzi, kodwa uma udala izimo zokubamba ukushisa, khona-ke, njenge-orange, ingatshalwa kulo lonke izwe.

Iningi elifanelekayo sezulu:

• Isifunda saseKrasnodar.
• ECrimea.
• Izifunda zaseRostov naseSamara.

Ngisho nasezimo ezipholile zaseMoscow, iLeningrad Oblast ne-Primorsky Krai, izaqathe zikhulile ngesilinganiso sezimboni.

I-Sorta

Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zezinqathe eziphuzi ziyi-Mirzoi 304, i-Yellow Solar ne-Yellowstone.

Mirzoi 304

Kwasungulwa e-Uzbekistan. Ihlukaniswa ukuhluma nokuvuthwa kwayo ngokushesha (cishe izinsuku ezingu-100). Isivuno esisezindaweni eziseningizimu sifinyelela ku-6.5 kg ngemitha engamakhilomitha, ezindaweni ezisenyakatho isibonakaliso sokukhiqiza sincane izikhathi ezimbili. Izimpande ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi, phansi kwempande ingaba ne-tint eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukuma kwesanqante kuyisilinda esiphezulu ngokuphela kwesondlo. Ububanzi bomsuka bungaba ngu-3 cm, ubude bufinyelela ku-15 cm. Izinhlobonhlobo azigcinwanga isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke zisetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa okusha noma ukulungiselela ama-juice.

Ophuzi welanga

Izinhlobonhlobo ezifakiwe ze-izaqathi eziphuzi. Kuhunyushwe ngesiRashiya, igama lisho ukuthi "ilanga eliphuzi". Lesi isanqante siphuzi elikhanyayo ngesimo se-spindle. Ubude bayo bufinyelela kumamitha angu-19. Izithelo zihlwabusayo, zinamanzi futhi zihlaziye. Phuma masinyane (kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-90), ngakho-ke lezi zihlukahlukene zika-zakuqala. Leli banga lifanelekela ukunambitha nokucubungula, kungenzeka futhi ukulondoloza. Akufanelekile isitoreji esisha.

Yellowstone

Lezi zihlukahlukene kufanelekile ezindaweni zaseRussia lapho inhlabathi ingekho. Ukumelana nokunye kwezifo zezitshalo ezimpande. Isithelo sibuye siphinde sibe nombala ophuzi obala. Izitshalo zomsuka zincane futhi zide (kufika ku-23 cm). Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala futhi zinikeza isivuno esicebile.

Kuphi ukuthenga izinto zokutshala?

EMoscow:

• Imbewu ye-Yellowstone ingalawulwa kusuka esitolo se-SEEDSPOST esitolo se-intanethi. I-RU ngentengo yama-ruble angu-75 we-0.9 g nasitolo esitolo se-Meda 1000 0.9g - ama-ruble angu-47.
• Imbewu yesanqante ye-Solar engabomvu ingathengwa kwi-Gardens ye-Semiramid esitolo ye-ruble engu-180 ngezinhlamvu ezingu-25 ngepakethe ngayinye.

ESt. Petersburg:

• Imbewu ye-Yellowstone brand Partner ithengiswa e-Redmarkets Commerce Centre i-0.5g - 49 rublekhi.
• Izitembu Izitshalo ze-Semko zidla iJowestone 0.9g - ama-ruble angu-75.

Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali

Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali amaqathi aphuzi kuhlanganisa amavithamini, ama-macro-micronutrients.

Okuqukethwe kwe-Vitamin:

• A (183.3 μg).
• B1 (0.1 mg).
• B2 (0.02 mg).
• B3 (PP - 1 mg).
• Nge (5 mg).
• K (13.2 μg).
• I-Beta-carotene (1.1 mg).

Okuqukethwe kwama-macronutrients:

• i-potassium (234 mg);
• i-calcium (46mg);
• i-magnesium (26 mg);
• i-sodium (30 mg);
• i-phosphorus (40mg).

Ukubunjwa kwento yensimbi ye-trace (0.6 mg).

Zuza kanye nokulimala

1. I-Vitamin A equkethe izaqathe inomphumela omuhle emehlweni, isikhumba futhi iqinisa amasosha omzimba.
2. I-Vitamin B (i-carotene) inezakhiwo ze-antioxidant.
3. I-Vitamin K inesibopho sokumboza igazi emzimbeni. Ukuntuleka kwaleli vithamini kunciphisa izinga le-prothrombin egazini.

Amavithamini ezinqotweni adlala indima enkulu:

• ekuvimbeleni i-avitaminosis;
• ngcono umsebenzi wenhliziyo;
• babe nomphumela wokudla ne-diuretic.

Kulimala nokudla izaqathe eziphuzi. Ayinakudliwa eluhlaza uma:

• isisu nesisu sesibili;
• ne-gastritis;
• nge-asidi eyanda yejusi esiswini nesisu somzimba kulo mkhiqizo.

Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile izaqathe kuholela ekuphuzileni kwesikhumba.

Isinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Ukukhula Iziqondiso

Ilungiselela ukufika

• Inventory. Uma izaqathe zitshalwe ezindaweni ezinkulu, sebenzisa i-seeder. Zikuvumela ukuba usatshalalise ngokulinganayo izinto zokutshala ngokujula okufanayo nangendlela elinganayo. Izindawo ezincane zisebenzisa ama-syringes nabahleli. Isimiso sabo sezenzo sihlanganisa ukuphoqa imbewu ngosizo lwenduku kanye nentwasahlobo emiphakathini ehlelwe ngaphambilini.
• Umhlaba. Inhlabathi yokutshala izaqathe kufanele ihlale ikhululekile, ivundile futhi ilula, ingenalo ukhula. Ngaphambi kokuwa, isayithi lokufika liyakhiwa, futhi ngaphambi nje kokufika, baqhuma. Kuhle uma inhlabathi yayingaphambi kokukhulelwa ngomquba.
• Imbewu. Imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala ingakafakwa emanzini afudumele ngokufaka inani elincanyana lama-manganese (ukwenzela ukukhipha i-disinfection) izinsuku ezingu-3. Khona-ke imbewu yomile bese iqala ukutshala.

Inqubo

Isikhathi

Ama-karoti atshalwa entwasahlobo, ngokushesha nje lapho umhlaba uphazamisa futhi ukhula. Izazi ze-biologists zincoma ukuhlwanyela ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ingozi yokulimala isithelo yizinambuzane emhlabathini.

Uma itshalwe ngaphambi kobusika, kungcono ukukwenza ekwindla ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibanda. Uma utshala izaqathe ekuqaleni, izithombo zingase zihlume futhi zifakwe phansi ngaphansi kweqhwa.

Isu

Imingcele efanele yokutshala imbewu eluhlaza isanqante yile ndlela elandelayo:

• ububanzi bombhede - 13-14 cm;
• inani lemigqa embhedeni - 4;
• ibanga phakathi kwemigqa - 20-25 cm;
• ibanga eliphakathi kwembewu - 1.5-2cm;
• ukujula kwenzalo - 2 cm.

Kubalulekile ukutshala imbewu kuphela kwisayithi elangeni:

1. Ngombhede okhululiwe, izindawo ezingajulile (cishe ngamasentimitha angu-2 cm) ububanzi obuyi-5 cm buyenziwe.
2. Grooves ayanisela futhi imbewu isanqante ibeke kuwo.
3. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ihlanganiswa ngokucophelela ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat.
4. Ukunisela kusuka phezulu akukhuthazwa ngokushesha, njengoba imbewu izoqhubeka ngokujulile emhlabathini.

Ukunakekela

Izaqathe zikhule kancane - cishe amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Ubiza izaqathe zingamelana neqhwa elincane.

1. Ngenkathi kuhluma imbewu ye izaqathe eziphuzi kudingeka ihlwithe ukhula njalo.
2. Umhlabathi kumele ube yi-podpushivyu njengoba kudingeka.
3. Uma nje amaqabunga amabili okuqala evela, izaqathe kumele zibe mncane ukuze ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela lingama-3 cm.
4. Uma amanye amaqabunga amabili ekhula, ibanga kufanele libe ngu-5-6 cm.

I-microclimate efanelekayo

I-microclimate efanelekayo yizinga lokushisa lama-degrees angu-16 noma ngaphezulu, umswakama olinganiselayo nomhlabathi ovulekile onokufinyelela kahle kwe-oxygen:

• I-grade Mirzoi 304 Udinga izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwama-degrees angu-16. Esikhathini sokuqala sokukhula, umswakama ophezulu kubalulekile kulezi ezihlukahlukene.
• Ngokwebanga le-Yellow Solar badinga ukushisa kwemoya kusuka emazingeni angu-18 nangaphezulu.

Ukunisela

Asikwazi ukuvumela i-crust eyomile yokwakha phansi. Akuvunyelwe ukumanzi ngamanzi abandayo, amanzi kufanele abe nokushisa okukhulu.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Izaqathi eziphuzi zidlalwa okokuqala ngqa emavikini amathathu emva kokuvela futhi okwesibili izinyanga ezimbili kamuva.

• Kusukela kumanyolo ophilayo Ungasebenzisa umquba wezinkukhu (ngesilinganiso esingu-1:30) nogayi lwezinkomo (1:10) ebhakedeni lamanzi. Engeza 1 inkomishi yamapulangwe ngomlo.
• Kusuka kumanyolo wamaminerali sebenzisa i-nitrophoska emgodleni wezipuni 1 ibhakede ngalinye lamanzi. Futhi ulungise isisombululo se-20 g we-saltpeter, u-15 g we-urea ne-superphosphate kabili ebhaketheni lamanzi.

Umhlaba ukhulula

Ukuze ukhulule inhlabathi kufanele kube njalo, ngolunye usuku emva kokuphuza yonke inkathi izaqathe ezikhulayo.

Weeding

Ukuphuza imibhede kufanele kube njengoba isiko sikhula. Ungavumeli ukutshala okuphakeme, njengoba izimpande ziyokhula ezincane.

Ukuxhuma

Ukuxubha kusetshenziswa utshani oqoshiwe noma i-sawdustezibekwe phakathi kwemibhede enezingqimba zika-10-15 cm. Lokhu kuzosekela i-microclimate futhi kunciphise umvuthwandaba wokuchelela nokwehlisa.

Ukuvuna nokugcina isivuno

Izaqathe eziphuzi ziyizinhlobo zakuqala, ngakho isivuno singasungulwa ngoJuni. Ama-karoti akhishwa emhlabathini ukuze afike phezulu, aguqulwe futhi ahlolwe.

Imifino yonke yemifino isomisiwe, ihlanzwa kusuka eziqongweni futhi igcinwe kwisitoreji. Kulimale ukubuyela kabusha.

Ama-karoti agcinwa ezinqolobaneni ezikhunjini zokhuni noma epulasitiki ngezigaba eziningana. Isihlabathi esimanzi sithela phakathi kwezingqimba.

Amaphutha wobunjiniyela bezolimo

1. Ukunciphisa imigqa.
2. Ukunisela okunganele.
3. Inhlabathi engafanelekile.
4. Ukuvuna okuzayo.

Izifo, izinambuzane kanye nokuvimbela kwabo

• Izaqathe eziphuzi zivame ukuthinteka yi-isanqante. Isibonakaliso sokuqothulwa - amaqabunga aphihliwe. Lezi zinambuzane zivela emibhedeni ekhulile futhi ekhulile. Lahla inkathazo ngosizo lwamakhemikhali, afana no-Aktara, Decis.
• Futhi, izaqathe ziphethwe yi-phimosis noma i-alternaria. Kulezi zimo, kusiza i-1% isixazululo seBordeaux. Ukuze i-prophylaxis, ayivunyelwe ukunyusa inhlabathi futhi ithinte izitshalo ngesikhathi.

Ukudla izaqathe

Ama-karoti angadliwa okuluhlaza, abilisiwe, efriziwe futhi asomile:

1. Benza isaladi kusuka izaqathe eziluhlaza, cindezela isanqante juice.
2. Izaqathe ebilisiwe yengezwa kuma saladi amaningi.
3. Yenza izaqathe izitsha zokuqala ezivela karoti.
4. Ijusi elisha lisiza ngokuqothulwa, ukungena kwamavithamini, i-anemia, ubuhlungu besisu, ukuhlanza isibindi kanye ne-gallbladder.

Izaqathe eziphuzi zidla okuphansi kwekhalori.Ngakho-ke, le mifino impande ingadliwa ezingxenyeni ezinkulu, futhi inhlanganisela ecebile yevithamini ngeke ibe yingozi empilweni.

Ngaphezu kokupheka, imifino isetshenziswa ku-cosmetology nemithi. Ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke ekudleni kwalesi simpande kuthinta ngokuphelele isimo sempilo futhi kusiza ukuqeda nokuvimbela izifo eziningi.