Omusha ovela eYurophu - iGrada amazambane: incazelo ehlukahlukene, izici nezithombe

Uma uke wazama izinhlobo eziningi zamazambane, kodwa ungakutholanga lowo, khona-ke ungabheka izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhluma. Enye yalezi zivakashi zethu namuhla - ama-mbatata aseGranada.

Le i-European varieties ebizwa ngokuthi i-potato ehlukahlukene, engakaze ibhaliswe eRussia. Noma kunjalo, inezici eziningi ezinhle, ngenxa yokuthi kuzoba usizo ukujwayela manje.

I-Potato Granada: incazelo ehlukahlukene

I-Granada ehlukahlukene ingokwezikhathi zama-potato eziphakathi nesikhathi esizayo, isikhathi sayo sokukhula sigcwaliswe ngokugcwele ezinsukwini ezingu-90 kuya kwezingu-110 emva kokusuka kokuqala. Isusiwe ngo-2015 eJalimane. Kulindeleke ukuthi ensimini yeRussian Federation Granada izobhaliswe ngo-2017. Ukuvunwa kwayo okusheshayo ngokushesha kuthatha iso, ngokulinganisa amathani angama-60 amazambane ngamahektha wezitshalo.

Isivuno sezinye izinhlobo zamazambane sinikezwe etafuleni elingezansi:

Enye inzuzo izobe igcina ikhwalithi, egcinwe ku-97%, okukuvumela ukuba uyigcine ezinqolobaneni zokugcina isikhathi eside.

Etafuleni elingezansi uzothola izibalo zokugcina ngokuqhathanisa amazambane aseGranada ngezinye izinhlobo:

Funda kabanzi mayelana nesikhathi, indawo nokushisa kwesitoreji samazambane, mayelana nezinkinga ezivela.

Siphakamisa futhi izihloko eziwusizo nezifundisayo mayelana nokugcina izitshalo ezitshalweni ebusika, emasimini ezitshalo zemifino, nasezigodini nasemiphongolweni, emapulini nasemabhokisini, esiqandisini nasefomini elihlutshiwe.

Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyingayizi ephakathi futhi zibe nesimo se-oval oblong. Isisindo se-tuber eyodwa yezentengiselwano i-80-100 g, futhi inombolo yabo ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa ihlukahluka kusuka ku-10 ukuya ku-14. Labo abakhula amazambane abathengiswa bayokujabulela ukuthi izilimo eziyizigaxa zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zibukeka kahle kakhulu.

Isikhumba sincane, sibushelelezi futhi sinombala omuhle okhilimu we-cream. I-pulp yayo nayo ilula noma iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, iqukethe isitashi se-10 - 17%. Awuyi mnyama ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokushisa. Amehlo avame ukuba amancane futhi afane ngokulinganayo kuwo wonke ubuso obusweni. Ukubaluleka okuhlukahlukene kubuye kwengezwe ukunambitheka kanye nezinzuzo zezilimo ezimpande. Funda konke mayelana nezakhiwo zamazambane: ingozi ye-solanine, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuba udle amazambane ahlaza, kungani ephuza ijusi lamazambane bese udla amahlumela.

Izihlahla ezinokuphakama ezihlukahlukene azikwazi ukuziqhayisa futhi ziyingxenye ephakathi. Ziningi kakhulu, nakuba kwezinye izimo zikhula zibe ngamasayizi aphakathi. Amagatsha aseGranada nawo amancane futhi anemibala eluhlaza. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, iziqongo zezihlahla zigcwele izimbali ezine-corollas ezimhlophe.

Izici kanye nezici zokulima

Abalimi abaningi basentshonalanga kanye nongcweti babhala izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu kulezi zinhlobonhlobo bese zibalelwa ku-4.8 amaphuzu avela ku-5. Ngenxa yesitokisi esanele samatayisi, asibiliseli futhi asimnyama. Izilimo eziyizigaxa zalesi sitshalo zingasetshenziselwa ukulungiselela cishe noma yikuphi izitsha ezizenziwe.

Ngokuqondene nezici zokutshala nokunakekelwa, ngokuvamile, singasho ukuthi ama-apulazi aseGranada awasho kakhulu. Imbewu yamazambane e-Granada, ungaqala ukukhetha ekwindla, kuhamba kahle kakhulu nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu kakhulu ezihlahleni ezinhle kakhulu.

Lokhu kuzobe sekuhlinzeka isivuno esiningi futhi esiphezulu kakhulu.. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhethiwe zifakwa emabhokisini enkuni ahlanganiswe ne-peat ehlanganiswe nomhlabathi (izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zishintshe cishe kokubili kwezintathu zokujula kwebhokisi).

Izithombo eziphethwe zihlanganiswa nefilimu futhi zishiye endaweni ekhanyayo ngokushisa okungaba ngu-12 kuya ku-14 ° C. Amahlumela aqala ukuvela emavikini amabili kuya kwamathathu. Kusukela ku-tuber eyodwa ehlwanyelwe akumele ithathe okungaphezu kwamahlumela amabili. Amathuba ukuthi zonke izalandela zizobuthakathaka futhi zizokunikeza isivuno esincane.

Ukufika kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.. Ngaleso sikhathi, inhlabathi kufanele isivele ifudumele ku- ~ 8 ° C, futhi zonke ama-frost azoshiywa ngemuva.

Phakathi kwemigqa yamazambane kufanele wenze izikhathi ezingama-70 cm, izonikeza izitshalo zakho emoyeni, zikhanyise futhi zikwazi ukukhuphuka. Emigqeni emkhatsini wezinto zokutshala kufanele kugcinwe ebangeni lika-25 - 30 cm. Ukulinganisa phakathi kwemigqa kuzosiza ekulawuleni ukhula futhi silondoloze i-microclimate efanele.

KUBALULEKILE! Kuncike ekutheni uhlobo lokutshala inhlabathi lugciniwe ekujuleni okukhulu. Uma imibhede yakho ibhajwe umhlabathi wobumba, ukujula kokumba akufanele kudlule u-5 cm Uma uhlwanyela izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile, uzobe wangcwatshwa ekujuleni okungaba ngu-10 - 12 cm.

I-agrotechnology ayinzima futhi ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kwalesi sitshalo kuzodinga ukuba wenze izinqubo ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo:

• Ungalokothi ukhohlwe mayelana ne-hilling, ivuselela ukubunjwa kwamahlumela angaphansi komhlaba, futhi ivikela amahlumela amancane kusukela kusesimo sezulu esishisayo esishisa kakhulu.

  Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi kudingekile ukuthi kuphakama yini, yiziphi izinto zobuchwepheshe ezisho ukuthi kungcono ukukhiqiza, yiziphi izinto ezihlukile kanye nokusizwa kwe-motor-block. Kanti futhi, kungenzeka yini ukuba sikhule isivuno esihle ngaphandle kwe-weeding ne-hilling.

• I-Granada ibekezelela isomiso kahle, ngakho-ke ayidingi ukuchelela okuningi. Uma uhlala ezindaweni ezingenawo imvula njalo, khona-ke kuze kufike izimbali izitshalo zakho ngeke zidingeke ukuphuza. Ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10.
• Njengokugqoka okuphezulu kungcono ukusebenzisa izinyoni ze-droppings kanye nengxube ye-urea, i-sulfate ne-superphosphate. Ama-fertilizer wokuqala athuliswa enhlabathini inyanga emva kokutshala.

  Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungadla kanjani amazambane, nini futhi ungasebenzisa kanjani umanyolo, yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwamaminerali nokuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani kahle uma utshala.

Isithombe

Bheka ngaphansi: amazambane ahlukahlukene i-Granada isithombe

Izifo nezinambuzane

Lesi sitshalo sonke sinomzimba omzimba omuhle kakhulu, owuvikela kuwo: umdlavuza wezambane, isikhumba kanye ne-golden nematode, i-phytophthora, futhi ivimbela amaqabunga ekuguleni nokubola kwezilimo eziyizigaxa.

Noma kunjalo, i-Granada inokuvikeleka okubuthakathaka ngokumelene ne-fusarium wilt, enempahla engathandekayo yokusabalalisa ngokushesha. Uma ukunqotshwa kwalesi sifo, amaqabunga aqala ukuthola umbala wokukhanya ongahambi kahle, futhi iziqu eziphambene nalokho ziyaba nsundu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, isitshalo sonke siqala ukuphela. Ekulwa nalesi sifo kungasiza:

• Ukuhambisana nemithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo;
• Ukubhujiswa okwesikhashana kwazo zonke izitshalo ezithathelwanayo;
• Ukwelashwa ngaphambi kwezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa kanye nezixazululo zamanoni ezakhiwa yi-boron, ama-manganese nethusi;
• Amalungiselelo amakhemikhali "Maxim" ne "Baktofit" azibonakalise kahle.

Funda futhi ngalezi zifo ezivamile ze-Solanaceae, njenge-alternarioz, ukulimala okuphelile, isikhala, verticillis.

Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi balimi kufanele balwe ne-Colorado amazambane beetle kanye nezibungu zalo, izindondo kanye nama-wireworms, amazambane ama-mbatane nama-aphid.

Senze uchungechunge lwezihloko ukuze ulwa nazo.:

1. Indlela yokukhipha u-wireworm ensimini.
2. Yini ongayisebenzisa ngokumelene neMedvedka: amalungiselelo abantu kanye namakhemikhali.
3. Sichitha imvukuzane yamazambane: izindlela 1 nezindlela 2.
4. Ukulwa ne-Colorado amazambane i-beetle - amakhambi abantu namakhemikhali:
   • Aktara.
   • I-Regent
   • Corado.
   • Ubukhosi.

Kuyabonakala manje ukuthi iGranada iyizambane zama-premium ekilasini, futhi ngokuqinisekile kuyoba ukuncintisana okufanelekile kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezidumile kithi. Inani lezinzuzo zalo lidlula inani lezinkinga, ngakho-ke abalimi abaningi sebevele balinde ukubhaliswa okusemthethweni ezweni lethu, ikakhulukazi kusukela kwamanye amazwe sekuye kwathandwa kakhulu.

Siyakucabangela uchungechunge lwezinto ezithakazelisayo nezolwazi ngezindlela ezahlukene kakhulu zamazambane ezikhulayo: ubuchwepheshe beDutch kanye nokutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zakuqala, izindlela ezingaphansi kwendwangu, emiphongolweni, emasakeni, emabhokisini.

Siphinde sinikeze ukuzijwayeza nezinye izinhlobo zamazambane ezinemibandela ehlukene yokuvuthwa: