Iklabishi ekhulayo ensimini: ukutshala nokunakekela imifino

Iklabishi - isitshalo se-genus Cruciferous. Kungaba okuhlukile - obomvu nomhlophe, i-Brussels, umbala, i-Beijing nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, futhi ukukhulela ezweni kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayenza kanjani ngokufanele.

Kulesi sihloko sizochaza indlela yokutshala imifino nembewu, kanye nendlela yokutshala noma iyiphi yalezi zitshalo ensimini. Sinikeza izincomo zokunakekela iklabishi encane emhlophe, kanye nokubonisa isithombe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungajwayele amavidiyo awusizo futhi afundisayo esihlokweni.

Izici

Iklabishi ekhulayo ensimini idinga ukunakwa. Ikakhulukazi lapho kuvela amahlumela okuqala. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, lesi sitshalo singase sihlaselwe yizinambuzane ezingabhubhisa amahlumela emahoreni ambalwa. Ukuze uvikele isitshalo, kunezindlela ezimbili:

1. Ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke. Uma izimbobo zibonakala emaqabunga, udinga ukumboza indawo ngomlotha.
2. Ngaphambi kokuvala ifilimu yeklabishi. Kanye nalokhu, ungenza ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali.

Ibhodi: Ungakhohlwa ukuhlolwa kwamaqabunga. Kubalulekile ukuqapha umswakama womhlaba.

Iklabishi - isitshalo esithandayo, ngakho-ke isayithi akufanele ibe emthunzini. Akusiluleka ukutshala emva kwe-turnips, beet, utamatisi nama-radishes. Iklabishi ayiyona inhlabathi efanelekile. Kulesi simo, udinga ukwenza imingcele yenhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukulungisa umhlaba wokulima ekuwa. Umhlabathi uhlwanyelwa ngamanus noma umquba bese ugujwa. Entwasahlobo, i-peat kanye ne-wood ash bayengezwa enhlabathini.

Indlela yokukhulisa izithombo?

Indlela yokukhula, isibonelo, iklabishi omhlophe, ukuyihlwanyela ezweni futhi ukuvuna kuhle? Ekhaya, izithombo zihlume, bese zifakwa endaweni yokugcina izithombo. Uma ukhulile emahlathini avulekile emhlabathini atshalwe enhlabathini evulekile. Isidingo sokuqala sokulungisa isisombululo. Uzodinga iziqukathi zokufaka imbewu, i-paddle, iglavu, kanye nokunisela.

Ukulungiselela imbewu nokuhluma

Uma imbewu iqoqwe ngokuzimela, okokuqala ingagcini emaminithini angama-20 emanzini ashisayo, izinga lokushisa okungaba ngu-50 degrees. Ubekwa emaminithini ambalwa emanzini abandayo bese omisiwe. Ukulungiselela kwangaphambi akudingekile ekuthengeni imbewu, kwenziwa ngabakhiqizi..

Ukuze imbewu ihlume besebenzisa inhlabathi evulekile ne-mix mix enkulu ye peat. Kudinga ukuthambisa okulinganiselayo. Udinga ukusebenzisa ukukhanya okungeziwe. Igumbi lapho kukhona khona imbewu, idinga ukuhanjiswa.

Iklabishi izokukhula kancane emavikini amabili okuqala. Amahlamvu okuqala azovela emavikini ayisithupha.

Ungahlwanyela imbewu emabhokisini noma izimbiza ezikhethekile ze-peat. Qala ukukhula izithombo ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMashi. Ukuhlwanyela kwenziwa yizimbewu ezinkulu. Lokhu kuzokwandisa isivuno.

Sincoma ukubukela ividiyo mayelana nezithombo ezikhulayo zeklabishi ezivela kumbewu:

Ukutshala ensimini

Lapho ukutshala izithombo? Izithombo ezitshaliwe zingagcina zomelele, okwakubonakala umbala omnyama obumnyama. Uhlelo lokutshala aluyinkimbinkimbi - izimbobo zezithombo kufanele zibe kude ka-60 cm. Zanisela futhi zakhiwe ngomuthi ohlangene nomhlabathi. Bese uphinde usebenzise amanzi.

Ukufika kuqhutshwa ngosuku oluthile noma kusihlwa. Lapho utshala, lesi sitshalo sigcwatshwe emhlabathini kuze kube yiqabunga lokuqala eliyiqiniso. Izimpande futhi zibeke umhlabathi ocindezelwe kahle.

Emva kokutshala, izithombo kufanele zifakwe umthunzi izinsuku ezintathu.ngakho kangcono ukuhlala phansi.

Sincoma ukubukela ividiyo mayelana nokutshala izithombo zeklabishi emhlabathini ovulekile:

Ukunakekela imifino emincane

1. Ukunisela. Iklabishi enamanzi nsuku zonke - ekuseni nakusihlwa ngamanzi, ngokushisa kwama-degrees angu-18, ukuvimbela ukuthi ingawomile. Ukuqina kulungiswa kuye ngesimo sezulu.
2. Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili emva kokufakelwa kabusha, kunondliwa nge-phosphate fertilizer. Ungasebenzisa umquba wezinkukhu nomquba. Ngemuva kwamasonto amabili, esinye isondlo senziwa ngezithako ezifanayo. Umanyolo oqhubekayo wenziwa njengoba kudingeka.
3. Hilling. Ukufeza ukukhuphuka kudinga i-hoe manual noma i-hoe. Ekude kwamasentimitha angu-20 kuya ku 25 kuya emasentimitha ukusuka kumbuthano esivuthaneni, bahlahlela phansi. Awukwazi ukulala iphuzu lokukhula. With le ndlela, ukulwa neklabishi fly. Ukulimala kuvame ukwenza izinsuku ezingu-40 emva kokufakelwa kabusha. Ukuqhubeka komhlaba okuqhubekayo kwenziwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili, bese uqeda lapho iklabishi isakaze amaqabunga.

Ukuxhuma

Ukunambitha - ukumboza umhlaba ngendwangu yokuzivikela. Izinzuzo zenqubo:

• ukunciphisa imvamisa yokunisela;
• ukulawula ukhula;
• umhlabathi uhlala ukhululekile;
• ukuvikelwa kwenhlabathi kusuka ku-leaching kwesendlalelo esiphezulu ngesikhathi semvula enzima;
• Umhlabathi ucebisa izakhi.

Ngaphambi kokulinywa, ukhula lususwa futhi inhlabathi ikhululiwe.. Ungabeki umbhede emhlabathini obandayo. Ubukhulu besendlalelo ngu-2 - 8 cm, kuye ngokuthi indaba. Kuyinto eshibhile ukusebenzisa izitshalo ezahlukene kanye nezinsalela zabo.

Ukunciphisa umzimba kusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa izitshalo ezilandelayo:

1. Rye eliphelele. Lapho iklabishi ikhula, i-rye iyagqunywa kanti utshani obumile busele emhlabathini. Ukunqothula, utshani luzokondla iklabishi ngezinhlanganisela ze-nitrogenous.
2. Ukuthungatha, usike utshani, utshani, utshani.
3. I-Sawdust. Lezi zinto zithinta umthamo we-pathogenic.
4. Peat and compost. Umquba usebenza njengomanyolo.

Kukhona into enjenge-mulching engahleliwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa ifilimu yeplastiki: obala noma omnyama. Ukuzikhethela kokuqukethwe kuncike esikhathini. Ifilimu elimnyama lisetshenziswe ekuqaleni kokutshala, lishiywa amaviki angu-3-4. Ifilimu ephathekayo ikhethwa ehlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, ukhula aluveli ensimini.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Kubalulekile: Ukuvuna kwenziwa njengoba iklabishi ikhula. Into esemqoka ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka. Uma izinhlobo zokuphuza zihlwanyelwa, zingashiywa kuze kube seqhwa kuqala.

Iklabishi elimhlophe liqoqwe esimweni sezulu esishisayo. Uma kuvuna kuqoqwe emvuleni, kufanele kumiswe futhi ithunyelwe kwisitoreji.

Ama-cabbages aqoqiwe angagcinwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:

1. Ukulinda engaphansi. Isitoreji siphelile ngaphambi kokuthi sikhiphe amadijithi angu-0-1 futhi kufanele senziwe.
2. Ukukhulisa. Izimila zidluliselwa esiteji bese zifakwa emabhokisini noma phansi, zimbozwe umhlaba, isanti noma i-peat. Nciphisa inhlabathi izinyanga ezimbili. Ukushisa kugcinwa ngaphakathi kwamazinga amathathu. Le ndlela izovumela amakhanda ukuba abe namandla futhi athole isisindo.
3. Isitoreji emigodini noma emathangeni. I-straw kanye ne-cabbages zifakwa ngaphansi kwesitolo. Ukutshala kuvuna umhlaba wokuqandisa. Le ndlela yokugcina, ikuvumela ukuba ugcine iklabishi entsha izinyanga ezintathu.

Sincoma ukubukela ividiyo mayelana nokuvuna nokugcina iklabishi:

Izifo nezinambuzane

Iklabishi, njengazo zonke izitshalo zemifino, ngeshwa, kuthinteka inani elikhulu lezilokazane nezifo ezidinga izinyathelo zokulawula ezikhethekile.

Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ziyi:

1. I-Cruciferous flea. Amaqabunga eklabishi ayamangalisa. Bangaphazamisa iphuzu elikhulayo, eliholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Izibungu zinombala ophuzi obala.

   Izindlela zokulwa: sishaye izithombo ze-insecticide. Ngokubukeka kwenqwaba yezinambuzane, impova yenziwa ngothuli kagwayi nomlotha ku-1 kuya ku-1. Isikhathi sokuphulukisa izinsuku ezingu-4.

2. Iklabishi Mole. Amacimbi amaqabunga emayini, eshiya i-epidermis engasetshenziswanga engxenyeni engenhla yeqabunga njengendlela "iwindi". Kuvame ukulimaza iphuzu elikhulayo kanye nenhloko yokwenza, ukuyibeka ngamacwebhu. Ukulimala okukhulu kubangelwa ngenkathi eyomile.

   Izindlela zokulwa: ukuphathwa ngamalungiselelo amakhemikhali noma ama-biological.

3. Iklabishi Whitefish. Isikhathi esihle sokubonakala kwenkathazo yisikhathi esishisayo nesomile. Kulimaza ipuleti leqabunga kanye ngaphakathi kwamakhanda. Amacimbi ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka emhlane.

   Izindlela zokulwa: okufana nokuthi nini ikhibishi ikhi.

4. Iklabishi isikole. Kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kwisitshalo. Lithinta amaqabunga namakhanda, okwenza kube nokujulile kuzo.
5. Iklabishi Fly. Ukulimaza izimpande.

   Izindlela zokulwa: ukwelashwa kwezingxenye zangasese zezinsimu ngothuli kagwayi nge-lime egobile noma umlotha.

6. I-Stem Covert. Kulimaza izithombo. Amahlumela okuhlupheka kanye neziqu.

   Izindlela zokulwa: ukwelashwa nezinambuzane.

7. Iklabishi Aphid. Ngokubukeka okukhulu kwamaqabunga ahlanganiswe nama-aphid, aphuza ijusi kusuka ezitshalweni. Ukuphuma ngaphandle akukwakhiwa.

   Izindlela zokulwa: ukulawulwa kokhula, ukuhlunga izinambuzane.

Iklabishi ingathinteka yizo zonke izinhlobo zezifo zezitshalo ezibangelwa ama-fungal, ama-bacterial and viral infathogens.

• Isifo esivame kakhulu umlenze omnyama. Umsila womsuka uthintekile. Isithombo soma.
• Iklabishi yeKela. Isifo se-fungal ngenxa yalokho ukukhula kuvela ezimpandeni. Izinhloko azibunjwa.
• I-Downy isikhutha. Amachashazi aphuzi avela emaqabeni abathintekayo.
• Alternaria. Ekuqaleni, amabala amnyama avela emaqabunga, bese ehlanganiswa nokuqhakaza.
• Bacteriosis noma ukubola omnyama okuyingozi kakhulu iklabishi. Amabala amancane amnyama avela emaqabunga.

Sincoma ukubukela ividiyo mayelana nezifo zeklabishi nezindlela zokubhekana nazo:

Isiphetho

Uma ukhula iklabishi kungaba nezinkinga eziningi. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akufanele kusabise. Ngolunye ulwazi ungathola isivuno esikhulu.