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I-Shchitovnik: ukutshala nokunakekelwa, izinhlobo zama-fern kanye nezinhlobo

Okhokho bethu basebenzisa isikhathi esiningi nemizamo ukuze banqume izindawo ezizuzisayo zezitshalo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokusetshenziswa kwabo okusemandleni okuphila kwansuku zonke. Amacala lapho imizamo yayikufanele ngempela umzamo, faka i-fern - isitshalo akuyona nje inhle kakhulu, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kuyadingeka empilweni yomuntu. Cabanga kulokhu okushiwo yizinhlobo, izakhiwo eziwusizo, izici zohlelo lokusebenza kanye nokulungiswa kwalolu hluma olumele.

Incazelo

I-Shchitovnik iyi-genus yama-ferns, enezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-150. Igama lesiGreki lale genus - Dryopteris - ngokwezwi nezwi lihunyushwe ngokuthi "amahlathi e-oak." Lezi zitshalo ezingapheli ezinomsoco wezintaba ezinkulu. Okuvame kakhulu endaweni yezulu yesimo sezulu eNyakatho Hemisphere, nakuba itholakala emhlabeni jikelele - kusukela ezindaweni ezibandayo zase-Eurasia kuya ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Afrika, e-Asia naseNingizimu Melika.

Ama-ferns afaka phakathi i-Asplenium, i-Pteris, i-Platicerium, i- Polypodium, i-Polynomial, i-Adiantum, i-Damalia, i-Pelleya ne-Nephrolepis.
I-fern ikhula emahlathini amadwala nasemithambekeni futhi iyakwazi ukungazethembi futhi iqine.

Ukubonakala kwezitshalo:

  • ube ne-rhizome emifushane futhi enamandla, egcwele ama-glands noma izilinganiso ezibanzi. I-rhizome ngokwayo ivela emhlabathini;
  • shiya kanzima, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka Kunezinhlobo ezimbili: i-lanceolate kabili i-pinnate noma i-pinnate triangular kathathu. Amaqabunga amancane aqoqwa ngezinqwaba zefomu elungile (ukumbotshwa noma ukufana nomngcwabo);
  • engaphansi kwezingqapheli, imigqa noma ngezikhathi ezithile ezihlelwe nge-sporangia (ezungeziwe noma ezinde).

Uyazi? Ngokusho kwezingqungquthela zesiSlavic, i-fern ikhuphuka okwesikhashana ngobusuku ngaphambi kweholidi lika-Ivan Kupala. Noma ubani ongathola imbali uzokwazi izimfihlo zezwe futhi athole ingcebo yayo.

Izinhlobo

Nakuba kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-fern, ezinye zazo ziyaziwa kakhulu futhi zivame kakhulu:

  • Owesilisa: ibhande lehlathi lase-Eurasia yiyona ndawo ehlala kuyo. Ikhula emahlathini amancane, emithambekeni, ithanda inhlabathi enomswakama ocebile. Uzwa kahle emthunzini. Amaqabunga ayamaqabunga, aglong futhi abe nephunga elihlukile elihlukile. Lolu hlobo lwesitshalo lunamafomu amaningana amasiko, avame ukusetshenziswa emklamo wezwe.

  • Odorous: Ukuhlala - eSiberia, eChina naseNyakatho Melika. Ikhula emadwaleni futhi ihlasele. Isici esikhethekile ukutholakala kwamaqabunga okushisa. Amahlamvu agcwele utshani futhi anephunga elimnandi. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kufinyelela kufinyelele ku-30 ​​cm.

  • Hlanganisa: Indawo enkulu yokusatshalaliswa yiYurophu neSiberia. Ikhula emahlathini ashisayo nasezikhungweni zama-moss, kaningi phakathi kwezinye izihlahla. Lesi yisitshalo esingapheli esinomphuzi omnyama oluhlaza oshiya kuze kube ngu-60 cm ubude.

  • Inkambu: evamile ezindaweni ezinomhlabathi omile (izimpambu kanye nezinsimu ezimanzi), kanye nasemadlelweni nasemahlathini amanzi. Lezi zinhlobo ikakhulukazi zidinga umswakama futhi azibekezeli ukuphela kwamanzi. Inezimpande ezinkulu, iziqu ezide namaqabunga amakhulu amhlophe, anesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi.

  • I-Needle: basakazwa eCaucasus, engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, entshonalanga yeSiberia kanye nezinye izindawo zaseNyakatho Melika. Ikhula emahlathini ase-coniferous futhi enomanzi. Iqukethe i-rhizome encane e-oblique ehlukile yesakhiwo se-scaly. Umehluko oluphawulekayo lwesici yi-plate engenalutho yeshidi ngezansi. Ifinyelela ku-80 cm ukuphakama.

Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali

UFern esetshenziswanga hhayi kuphela ekuklanyeleni kwezwe, kodwa nasekuphekeni nasekudleni. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi isitshalo sinomusa wokuqala (ofana ne-asparagus) nokubunjwa okucebile.

Inani lomsoco (per 100 g yomkhiqizo):

  • amaprotheni 4.6 g;
  • amafutha - 0.4 g;
  • ama-carbohydrate - 5.5 g;
  • amanzi - 88.68 g

Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kungama-34 kcal kuphela nge-100 g yezitshalo ezintsha.

Izakhi zokulandelela:

  • i-nickel;
  • i-potassium;
  • i-calcium;
  • i-iodine;
  • i-manganese;
  • i-phosphorus;
  • i-sodium;
  • i-magnesium;
  • ithusi;
  • isibabule.

Izingxenye zokwelapha:

  • i-flavonoids;
  • ama-tannins;
  • amafutha abalulekile namafutha;
  • ama-acids ahlukahlukene (i-nicotinic, glutamic, i-cyanide nabanye);
  • i-alkaloids;
  • izinto zesitashi;
  • i-carotene;
  • riboflavin;
  • ama-enzyme (glycoside, thiaminase nabanye).

Izakhiwo eziwusizo

UFern usetshenziselwa ukupheka nemithi, njengoba inezinto eziningana eziwusizo.

Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo, okucebile ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha, lesi sitshalo sinamakhono alandelayo:

  • uqinisa futhi ahlele i-skeleton efanele;
  • kuthuthukisa isimiso sezinzwa;
  • kuvamile ukuguqula umzimba;
  • ine-tonic, sedative, i-disinfectant, antibacterial and antitispasmodic action;
  • ihlanza umzimba wezinto ezimbi;
  • kuqinisa isimiso somzimba;
  • ixazulula izinkinga eziningi zesikhumba (i-eczema, i-rashes, izilonda ezingenaphilisi);
  • okuphumelelayo kwekhanda eliyingozi;
Funda indlela yokwelapha ikhanda nge-willow, i-echinacea, i-viburnum, i-clover, i-clary sage, i-lemon balm, i-cyanosis eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
  • esetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kokuqotshwa;
  • kunciphisa ubuhlungu be-rheumatic;
  • ulwa nama-parasites.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-fern inezimpawu eziningi eziyingozi ezingathinta impilo yabantu. Ukuze ungazenzeli umonakalo omkhulu kunokuhle, ungasebenzisi lesi sitshalo ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela.

Isicelo

Zombili amaqabunga kanye nama-rhizomes ase-fern asetshenziswa. Benza ama-decoctions, ama-tinctures, ama-powders omile kanye ne-elixirs. Isifo ngasinye ngasinye sisebenzisa uhlobo oluthile lwemithi.

Izixazululo zeFern Leaf:

  1. Umhluzi - 1 tbsp. l Amaqabunga omile esitshalo athululela ingilazi yamanzi bese ubilise imizuzu engu-15. Okupholile nokucindezeleka. Isetshenziselwa ukulwa nama-parasites.
  2. I-leukemia 1 tsp. amaqabunga omile wesitshalo ngosuku olwengeziwe ekudleni (amasaladi, izitsha eziyinhloko). Inkambo yokwamukela - inyanga eyodwa.
  3. Ukuze kulungiswe ukulala nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yayo, amaqabunga owomile wesitshalo afakwa ematithini.
  4. Kusukela emahlumela amancane esitshalo balungiselela izitsha eziningi (ama-saladi, ukudla okuhlukahlukene), okunomphumela wokuvimbela, wokwelapha nokubuyisela.

Amalungiselelo avela kuma-rhizomes alesi sitshalo anempahla eqinile yokulwa ne-antihelminthic nokuhlanza.

Izakhiwo ze-anti-helminthic yi-sedge yasotshani, i-rokambol.
I-decoction iphumelela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokukhathazeka, isifo sohudo kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesigubhu sezinsi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasongo kukhulula ubuhlungu, kuphazamisa nokunciphisa izifo ezifana ne-rheumatism, i-arthritis ne-neuralgia.

Izixazululo ze-rhizomes fern:

  1. Umhluzi - ama-gramu angu-10 e-rhizomes owomile wesitshalo athululela ingilazi yamanzi futhi apheke ekushiseni okuphansi. Lapho uketshezi luyancishiswa izikhathi ezingu-2, kubalulekile ukususa umhluzi kusuka ekushiseni nokupholile. Ngemuva kokukhipha, uthele esitsheni sokugcina futhi ufake efrijini. Isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekulweni nama-tape ama-parasites.
  2. Umhluzi wokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle - ama-gramu angu-200 e-rhizomes owomile wesitshalo athulule amalitha amabili amanzi. Pheka ukushisa okuphansi cishe amahora amabili nesembozo sivaliwe. Ngemuva kokupholile nobunzima. Isetshenziselwa ukugeza okuhlinzekwayo nokuhlukana okuhlukahlukene.
  3. I-Tincture - thatha ingxenye engu-rhizomes eyomile yesitshalo kanye nezingxenye ezingu-4 zakwa-70% utshwala. Bambelela izinsuku ezingu-14, ukuzamazama ngezikhathi ezithile, emva kokuhlunga. Isetshenziswe ngaphandle (ibanjwe ezindaweni ezibuhlungu).
  4. Uma kwenzeka emithanjeni ye-varicose, kudingekile ukuxuba i-rhizome eyomile yesitshalo ngobisi omuncu, ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwe-gruel. Lokhu kusho ukubeka ezindaweni eziyinkinga, gqoka nge-gauze bese ubamba amahora angu-5-6.
Uma imivamisa ye-varicose isetshenziselwa i-tarragon, i-hazel, iglitsa, i-rute elimnandi, i-ivy-like budru, irgu, isanqante, indala.

Uyazi? Ama-Ferns avele kule planethi eminyakeni engaba izigidi ezingu-350 edlule futhi ziyizitshalo, ngoba zigcinwe kusukela ngesikhathi sama-dinosaurs.

Ukulimala nokuphikisana

Naphezu kokuthi lesi sitshalo sinempahla eminingi ewusizo, sinokuphikisana. UFern uqukethe izinto ezinobuthi, okwenza ukusetshenziswa kwawo kungenzeki kwamanye amaqembu abantu.

Izinto ezinobuthi nazo ziqukethe i-European dodder, dieffenbachia, cyclamen, cassia, goldenrod.
Ukusetshenziswa kwalesi sitshalo kungavunyelwe ngokuqinile abesifazane abakhulelwe nabalahlayo. Izingane zingayisebenzisa kuphela kusuka eminyakeni emibili ubudala.

Futhi awukwazi ukusebenzisa i-fern kubantu abanezifo:

  • isifo sofuba;
  • i-anemia;
  • umkhuhlane;
  • izinkinga ngomsebenzi wesibindi nezinso;
  • isisu sesilonda nesilonda se-duodenal.

Kubalulekile! Ngisho noma ungewona weqembu elichazwe ngenhla, ngaphambi kokusebenzisa u-fern (noma amalungiselelo asekelwe kuwo), usadingeka uthintane nodokotela onolwazi.

Izimpawu zokudlula ngokweqile, lapho isidingo esiphuthumayo sokusula isisu (thatha i-saline laxative) bese ubiza udokotela:

  • isicanucanu nokuhlanza;
  • ukuxubha;
  • ukuphathwa ikhanda okukhulu, isizungu;
  • ukunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi;
  • ukuphefumula okunzima;
  • wehla emisebenzini ehlelekile.

Ukulondoloza

Iqoqo likaFern liqala ngokufika kukaMeyi. Kodwa-ke awekho amahlumela amasha kakhulu (ama-rachises), futhi uwaqoqa isikhathi eside. Maphakathi no-May kuningi lwabo, bese kubalwa ukuhlangana okukhulu. I-fern ikhula masinyane, futhi amahlumela amasha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi akusikho okuningi, ngakho kubalulekile ukungaphuthelwa isikhathi esifanele.

Ama-petioles anqunywe ngokuphakama okungaphezu kuka-20-30 cm ezitshalweni kuze kube yizinsuku ezingu-6 ubudala. Ngezikhathi ezinjalo, izinto ezinobuthi azikafakwa kuzo, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuphephile.

Isilinganiso sokukhula se-fern singama-6-8 cm ngosuku (kuncike ekutheni likhula elangeni noma emthunzini), ngakho-ke isitshalo sezinsuku ezingu-5-6 sinokukhula okungaba ngu-30 cm. Ukukhula okuwuphawu lokuphepha kwe-fern.

Kodwa amahlumela abancane kakhulu nawo awafanelekile ukuqoqwa. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kakhulu kwezakhi kunesitshalo ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5 ubudala.

Amahlumela aqoqwe ahlanganiswe ezinxenyeni ezingu-5-7 cm ububanzi futhi ahlanganiswe nebhola le-rubber, futhi amaphuzu angalingani amahlumela ahlanganiswe ngommese noma isisi.

Kubalulekile! UFern ubamba kakhulu futhi aqoqe izinto ezinobuthi, ngakho awukwazi ukuqoqa isitshalo ezindaweni ezingcolile (eduze nemigwaqo, izindawo ezimbonini kanye nezakhiwo zomhlaba).

Kunezinhlobo eziningana zokuthengwa kwalesi sitshalo. Enye yezinto ezivame kakhulu ukuma.

Ukwenza lokhu ekhaya akulula:

  1. Amahlumela kufanele afakwe ebhodweni lamanzi abilayo alunamanzi bese upheka amaminithi 1-3 emva kokubilisa. Isikhathi sokwelashwa esiphezulu sokushisa akufanele sidlule imizuzu engu-8. Emva kwalokho, phinda impahla eluhlaza ngesihlungo bese uyomile.
  2. Phuma ephepheni elimnyama, indwangu noma imifino emihle. Akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha. Kungabuye kumiswe ehhavini emazingeni okushisa kuze kufike kuma-50 ° C, kodwa indlela yokumisa yemvelo iyakukhetha.
  3. Beka endaweni eyomile futhi enomoya omuhle (i-attic iyinto ekahle). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele, i-fern yoma ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezingu-3-5.
  4. Hlola izithombo kaningi ngosuku futhi, uma kunesidingo, ziphendule.
  5. Isitshalo esomile siboshwe esikhwameni esinamaqabunga amancane futhi sibheke esilingeni ukuze sikhulise izinga lokuswakama kwezinsuku ezimbalwa.
  6. Dlulisela ku-container ukugcina isikhathi eside.
I-fern eyomile kahle ingagcinwa iminyaka eminingana ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izimfanelo eziwusizo. Kodwa into ebalulekile yizimo lapho izitshalo ezomile ziyoba khona.

Emakamelweni anomswakama ophansi, amahlumela abesabi ukugcinwa kwendwangu noma amaphepha esikhwama, kodwa kunomsoco ophezulu ukubeka izikhala ezigodini noma izitsha zensimbi.

Uma umswakama ekamelweni uphakeme ngaphezu kuka-72%, khona-ke umfutho kufanele uthunyelwe kwisitsha esinezikhalo. Hlola isimo sezimpawu zakho kufanele njalo, uma kunesidingo, kufanele usule isitshalo elangeni noma ekushiseni okuncane kuhhavini.

Ukulungiswa okufanele nokusetshenziswa kahle kwe-fern kuzokusiza ukuhlukanisa ukudla okutshaliwe okungajwayelekile nokungajwayelekile. Into esemqoka ukuhambisana nazo zonke izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo bese ucabangela ngokucophelela impilo yakho!

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