Amazambane aseBryansk Delicacy - ezihlukahlukene ezithembisa futhi ezithakazelisayo ezizobangela ukuba bathande amazambane okuvuna.
Akuncane ukuzwela izifo, ngokushesha futhi ndawonye amajuba nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukuvuna kahle okugcinwe, okufanele ukudayiswa noma ukucubungula ezimbonini.
Incazelo eningiliziwe yezinhlobonhlobo, izici zayo eziyinhloko, izici zokulima kanye nezithombe zingatholakala kulesi sihloko.
I-Potato uBryansk okumnandi: incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo
| Igama leBanga | Ukuzijabulisa kukaBryansk |
| Izici ezijwayelekile | ibanga letafula, libekezelela ukuhamba nokulimala komshini |
| Isikhathi sokubeletha | Izinsuku ezingu-70-80 |
| Okuqukethwe kwesitashi | 15-18% |
| Izikhulu eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa | 70-120 gr |
| Inombolo yezilimo eziyizigaxa ehlathini | 12-15 |
| Ukuthela | 160-300 c / ha |
| Ikhwalithi yabathengi | ukunambitheka kakhulu, ama-amino acids amaningi, i-beta-carotene kanye namaphrotheni |
| I-Recumbency | 94% |
| Umbala wesikhumba | ophuzi |
| Umbala we-Pulp | ukukhanya okuphuzi |
| Izifunda ezikhulayo ezikhethiwe | Ephakathi |
| Izifo zokuphikisa | ukumelana nomdlavuza wamazambane, i-nematode, i-banded mosaic, i-leaf curl |
| Izici zokukhula | ubuchwepheshe obuvamile bezolimo |
| Umsunguli | I-Russian-Research Institute yasePatato Ipulazi okuthiwa yi-A.G. I-Lorha (i-Russia) |
Izici
Amazambane ahlukahlukeneyo uBryansk Delicacy ubhekisela etafuleni eliphakathi. Ukukhiqiza kuhle, kuye ngesimo sezulu kanye nenani lokudla okunomsoco wenhlabathi kusuka ku-1 hektare, ungakwazi ukuqoqa kusuka kuma-160 kuya ku-300 amakhulu amazambane akhethiwe.
Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu okuqoshiwe - izingxenye ezingu-300 ngehektare. Amazambane avuthiwe agcinwa kahle, isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa izimfanelo zezimpahla. Ukuhamba ibanga elide kunokwenzeka.
Izihlahla ziyingayizi ephakathi, kunalokho zihamba, zigcwele ubuningi obuhlaza. Amaqabunga ayinkulu, aluhlaza okomnyama, anemiphetho ye-wavy ebuthakathaka futhi amathanjeni alandela ngokucacile.
I-Corollas incane kakhulu, iqoqwe emakhaleni amhlophe, amancane, awela ngokushesha. Ukubunjwa kwe-Berry kuphansi. Uhlelo lwempande lunamandla, 12-15 nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezikhethiwe zivela ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
Futhi etafuleni elingezansi ungabona ukuthi yiziphi izivuno kanye nephesenti lokuthengiswa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kwezinye izinhlobo zamazambane:
| Igama leBanga | Ukukhiqizwa (c / ha) | Ukuthengiswa kwe-tuber (%) |
| I-Lemongrass | 195-320 | 96 |
| Melody | 180-640 | 95 |
| I-Margarita | 300-400 | 96 |
| Alladin | 450-500 | 94 |
| Isibindi | 160-430 | 91 |
| Ubuhle | 400-450 | 94 |
| I-Grenada | 600 | 97 |
| The hostess | 180-380 | 95 |
Ukunakekelwa kokutshala kulula. Amazambane ikhetha inhlabathi evundile ekhanyayo nge sandingi eningi noma inhlabathi emnyama.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zitshalwe ngemuva kokuba inhlabathi ishuthuke ngokugcwele, kuphakanyiswa ukuqhuma njalo, ukuchelela okulinganisela kunconywa. Izinhlobonhlobo zisabela kahle ekugqokeni okuphezulu, ukushintshwa kwezinsimbi zamaminerali nezinkinga eziphilayo. Ukusebenzisa kanjani umanyolo, futhi ukuthi ungayenza kanjani uma utshalwa, funda izihloko ezithile zesayithi lethu.
Hlunga ukumelana nezifo eziningi eziyingozi: Umdlavuza wezambane, i-cyst ne-nematode yegolide, i-leaf curling virus noma i-banded mosaic, i-rhizoctoniosis. Futhi izimo ezingathandeki kungenzeka ukutheleleka ngokulimala okuphelile kweqabunga lamaqabunga, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivela ekulimazeni okulethwa yisikhathi ngokuvamile azihlupheki.
Amazambane It has flavour ocebile omuhle. Awuwahluli futhi awubambi mnyama lapho esika, egcina isimo esihle nesigqoko esimnandi se-yellow.
Izilimo eziyizigaxa zigcwele yonke indawo, zingabiliswa, zithosiwe, ziphekwe, zigxishiwe, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza amazambane ahlambulukile noma ama-fries. Amazambane nawo afanele ukucubungula izimboni, enza ama-chips amnandi kakhulu. Konke kuncike ekutheni inani le-starch ezilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa, okuyinto lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziqukethe kusuka ku-15 kuya ku-18%.
Isamba samatashi kuma-tubatri nezilimo eziyizigaxa zezinye izinhlobo:
| Igama leBanga | Isitashi |
| Lady claire | 12-16% |
| Innovator | kufika ku-15% |
| I-Labella | 13-15% |
| Bellarosa | 12-16% |
| Umfula | 12-16% |
| I-Karatop | 11-15% |
| Veneta | 13-15% |
| I-Gala | 14-16% |
| Zhukovsky ekuqaleni | 10-12% |
| I-Lorch | 15-20% |
Umsuka
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-Bryansk Delicacy bred by abalimi baseRussia. Ulethwa ebhalweni kahulumeni kaRussia Federation ngo-2002. Zoned for the region Central, kodwa zingatshalwa kunoma yiziphi izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele noma esishisayo.
Mhlawumbe ukutshala emasimini asezimboni, ukuzalisa emapulazini nasezimbonini ezizimele. Amazambane afanele ukudayiswa noma ukucubungulwa kwezimboni. Izitshalo zomsuka zigcinwe kahle, Imbewu yezinto ezincane ayifinyeleleki ekufeni.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokugcinwa kwamazambane ebusika, emabhokisini, ehlutshiwe, esiqandisini, kanye nesikhathi sokufakwa kwento ephelele yendawo yethu.
Isithombe
Isithombe sibonisa amazambane eBryansk Delicacy:
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Phakathi kwe izinzuzo eziyinhloko izinhlobo:
- ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu kwezilimo eziyizigaxa;
- ukuvuthwa okusheshayo;
- Ukuvuna kahle okugcinwe;
- izimfanelo ezinhle zokuthengwa kwezitshalo;
- hhayi ukulimala uma ukumba;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- ukuthi kungenzeka ukuqhutshwa kwezimboni;
- ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu.
Izinkinga ezihlukahlukene aziklanyelwe.
Izici zokukhula
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zifakwe emanzini, zime, kusetshenziswe ngabagqugquzeli bokukhula. Kunconywa ukuhluma ekukhanyeni noma ku-sawdust emanzi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi ikhululiwe, ukutshala izinsalela ezikhethiwe kuzo, okungaba yindawo yokuzalanisa amabhaktheriya nezibungu zezilokazane. Ama-humus omdala, umlotha okhuni noma inani elincane le-superphosphate lenziwa emhlabathini.
Izihlahla ziyatholakala kude no 30-35 cm komunye nomunye, ububanzi obuphakathi komugqa we-60-70 cm kuyadingeka. Ukugcina izinga elijwayelekile lomswakama abakwaziyo utshani obumnyama. Lokhu kuzosindisa ukuhlwanyela kusuka ukhula kanye nokusiza ukulwa nezinambuzane.
Ukuqeda izilimo eziyizigaxa zokuqala kungase kube sekuphele izinsuku ezingama-45 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela. Ezindaweni ezinemifudumalo efudumele, eside, kungenzeka ukutshala amazambane kabili.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izilimo eziyizigaxa ezivuna ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo zihlukaniswa nekhwalithi ephansi yokugcina, kuyadingeka ukuyisebenzisa ngokudla ngokushesha ngemuva kokumba.
Amazambane avuthiwe kufanele asomiswe kahle ensimini noma ngaphansi komcibisholo. Amazambane okuhloswe ukudayiswa angafakwa emaphakathini ngokushesha emva kokumiswa.
Siyakucabangela uchungechunge lwezinto eziwusizo kwezinye izindlela zezamazambane ezikhulayo: ngaphansi kwesitshani, ezikhwameni, emabhaleni, ubuchwepheshe beDutch.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo ngokwanele ukumelana nezifo ezinkulu ze-nightshade. Akuvamile ukuthinteka ngumdlavuza wezambane, isikhumba, i-cyst ne-nematode ye-golden, ne-rhizoctoniosis.
Ukuvuthwa kokuqala kusindisa izilimo eziyizigaxa kusukela ekubukeleni okukhatshana, kodwa lesi sifo singathinta amaqabunga ezitshalo. Uma kwenzeka isifo sengculazi, ukutshala kungasetshenzwa ngamalungiselelo enethusi.
Ukuze kuvikelwe izilimo eziyizigaxa zifakwe emanzini, futhi inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala ichithe izidakamizwa ezibulala amagciwane. Kusukela emilenzeni emnyama amahlumela amancane azosindisa ukwethulwa kwezinkuni.
Funda futhi ulwazi oluwusizo ngo-Alternaria, Verticilliasis, Fusarium wilt.
Izintaba ezincane ezihehayo ziheha izinambuzane ezinambuzane. Ngokuvamile, izitshalo zithinteka yi-Colorado beetle, ama-aphid, izibungu zesicabucabu. Ukwehlisa nokulinganisa ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi kwemigqa enezinhlanga noma utshani obunamanzi kuzosiza ukuqeda ama-parasites.
Ukulwa ne-Colorado amazambane amazambane kanye nezibungu zalo ngokuvamile kuba yinkinga yangempela kubalimi.Siyakucabangela uchungechunge lwezinto eziphathelene namakhambi omuntu namalungiselelo amakhemikhali angakwazi ukubhekana nale nkinga.
I-wireworms (izibungu ze-beetle ngokuchofoza) zenza umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu ekuhlaleni. Ukusuka kuye kusindisa ukujikeleza kwesitshalo esifanele. Njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3 iziqephu zokutshala amazambane zidinga ukuguqulwa. Izindawo ezivaliwe zihlwanyelwe isithombo se-oilseed noma i-phacelia.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamazambane zeBryansk Delicacy ziyiqokomisa ngokugcwele igama layo. Izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyisiphuzo esihle kakhulu futhi zihle kakhulu, zifanele ukusetshenziselwa izimboni nokulungiselela izitsha ezihlukahlukene. Imbewu yezimbewu ayihlaziyi, ingaqoqwa ukutshala okulandelayo ngemva kweminyaka eminingi.
Siphakamisa ukuthi ujwayelane nezinye izinhlobo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene yokuvuthwa:
| Superstore | Ukukhula kokuqala | Ngaphambi kokuqala |
| Umlimi | Bellarosa | Innovator |
| Minerva | Timo | I-handsome |
| Kiranda | Spring | Owesifazane waseMelika |
| I-Karatop | Arosa | I-Krone |
| Juvel | Impala | Bonisa |
| I-Meteor | Zorachka | Elizabeth |
| Zhukovsky ekuqaleni | Colette | I-Vega | Umfula | Kamensky | I-Tiras |
