Kwenzeka ukuthi ukulahlekelwa kwezithelo zamazambane, ngaphansi kwethonya lezilokazane kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene, kufinyelela ezingeni elimangalisayo.
Bese kufika isikhathi sokwelashwa okhethekile kwamakhemikhali, okuyinhloko okubhekwa ngayo ukucubungulwa kwamafungicides. Namuhla, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinjalo kuyisici esiyinhloko sokuvunwa okuhle kakhulu.
Amafungicides - izidakamizwa ezisuselwa kumakhemikhalibakwazi kokubili ukubhubhisa lesi sifo nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwabo.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Imvelo yomthelela we-fungicides ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu:
- Ukuvikela, okuhloswe ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zamazambane. Izidakamizwa ezinjalo zenza kuphela umsebenzi wokuvikela, ngakho-ke ayikwazi ukwelapha izitshalo kakade ezithathelwanayo.
Banobubanzi bendawo futhi abakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi. Ukuthinta ngokuyinhloko ukukhiqizwa kwesifungi se-pathogenic. Uhlobo lwemiphumela yalezi zidakamizwa lincane kakhulu. - Ukuphulukisa, okuyinto bakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele amakhowekakade wangena esitshalweni.
- Ukugomaokuyinto, engena izicubu zezitshalo, iguqula isitshalo se-metabolism futhi ivimbela ukutheleleka ngezifo ezihlukahlukene zefungal noma ukuphazamisa izinqubo zesifo ezikhomba ukuthi kwenzeke, inkambo kanye nomphumela.
Kuye ngendlela yokusabalalisa, i-fungicides ihlukaniswe yaba:
- Xhumana, okuthinta ukugxila kwesifo kuphela ngokuxhumana ngqo naye. Ama-fungicides anjalo akakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwesitshalo futhi asatshalaliswa kuphela emkhathini.
- Uhlelo, uyakwazi ukungena ngaphakathi futhi ujikeleze umzimba wesitshalo, ubhubhise i-pathogenic flora, naphezu kwendawo yayo.
Indlela yokwenza?
Umthelela we-fungicide kwenzeka ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- ukwephulwa kwezinqubo zokuphefumula zefungi;
- ukususwa kwesigaba se nyukliya kumaseli we-fungal;
- ukwakheka kwama-antibiotic yemvelo esitshalweni;
- ukwakheka kwezindawo ze-necrotic eziyisivikelo sezinambuzane endleleni eya ezakhiweni ezinempilo;
- ukucindezelwa kwe-energy exchange;
- ukususwa kokubunjwa kwe-nucleic acid, njll.
Ama-fungicides amazambane akhiqizwa kulezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- umquba;
- amanzi.
Isicelo
Izidakamizwa kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokukhululwa kanye nenhloso yokusetshenziswaFaka isicelo ngezindlela eziningana:
- Ukugqoka imbewu
- Ukuphalaza, ukuhlanza izandla noma imishini yokulima isetshenziselwa le ndlela.Ukuphindaphindwa kokuxilonga kuxhomeke esikhathini sokuchayeka kwesidakamizwa, isilinganiso semifino yesitshalo, kanye nobungozi bokugula.
- Isicelo enhlabathini, le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukulwa ne-pathogenic flora ngqo emhlabathini. Iningi lama-fungicides for the tillage alikhethi., okuyinto evumela ukuba babhubhise kokubili isikhunta namabhaktheriya, kanye nezibungu zezilokazane.
Kusuka ekukhanyeni okuphelile
I-fungicides ethandwa kakhulu yamazambane ngokumelene nokulimala okuphelile futhi i-Alternaria yiyo:
- U-Abiga Peak;
- I-Buzzer;
- I-Poliram DF;
- I-Quadris;
- Revus;
- Kuproksat;
- I-Ridomil Gold MC;
- I-Metaxil;
- Isici seSectin;
- I-Acrobat MC, njll.
Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yezinyathelo ezihlanganisiwe zokuvikela amahlathi amazambane Ukunamathela ngokuqinile ekusetshenzisweni kwamazambane.
Ukupunika kokuqala (prophylactic) kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesifo lapho uvala iziqongo emigqeni (ukuphakama kwamahlathi 15-20 cm).
Ukucubungula kwesibili kwenziwa 1-, 1-5 amasonto emva prophylaxis.
Ukuqhutshwa okuqhubekayo kwenziwa zonke izinsuku ezingu-7-8 (phakathi nesomiso) noma izinsuku ezingu-4-5 (esimweni sezulu sezulu) kuze kufike ukuvuna iziqongonga.
Ekwelapha ukuvimbela, kokubili ukuthintana nomxube wokuxhumana kanye nama-fungicidal systemic angasetshenziswa. Ukucubungula okuqhubekayo kwenziwa kuphela izidakamizwa zokuxhumana..
Flanobin
Namuhla, kukhona isidakamizwa esizibonakalise kahle ekulwa nesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi samazambane.
Fungicide on amazambane "Flanobin" - ukuvezwa kokuxhumana kwezidakamizwa ezimbili-okuyingxenye yomuthi.
Lesi sidakamizwa sinamathuba amaningi:
- izinga eliphezulu lokuvikelwa kwamazambane ngokumelene nezifo;
- isenzo eside (amasonto amabili);
- i-antisporulation enhle;
- ukumelana okuphakeme emvula;
- ukwandisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezitshalo;
- kunciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwezitshalo ze-tuber.
Iningi lezidakamizwa ezihlose ukulwa nezifo zamazambane zinezinga eliphansi lokushisa izilwane nabantu abafudumele. Kodwa namanje kufanelekile ukugcina ukuphephaukusebenza nabo.
Ukuze ugweme noma unciphise umthelela omubi wezidakamizwa emvelweni kufanele ihambisane ngokuqinile nezindinganiso ezichazwe kuphakheji ukusetshenziswa, imigomo nezindlela zokusetshenziswa. Kubalulekile futhi ukusebenzisa ama-fungicide kuphela ngamasiko anconyiwe.
