Kuyajabulisa ukuphinda usebenzise okusajingijolo wakho ngezinhlobo ezintsha kanye nzalo. Zibheke mathupha ukuthola isivuno ezimeni zesifunda sabo, shiya okungcono kakhulu, ususe abagulayo nababuthakathaka njalo. Kepha eqoqweni lomlimi kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube nezinhlobo eziyisisekelo ezingeke zehluleke. Kuzo zonke izimo zezulu nokunakekelwa okuncane unyaka ngamunye bazonikeza amajikijolo amnandi futhi anempilo. I-Balm ehlolwe yisikhathi yileso sigaba. Sekuphele amashumi eminyaka manje encintisana nezinhlobonhlobo kanye nenzalo ekhethiwe yaseYurophu.
Umlando we-okusajingijolo Balm
Umbhali weRaspberry Balsam ngu-Ivan V. Kazakov. Lo ngusosayensi odumile, umlimi wezithelo, oke wenza ukhetho kwezesayensi yezolimo, isazi seRAAS. Kusukela ngo-1963, imisebenzi yokufundisa nokucwaninga yomfuyi ovelele iye yahlotshaniswa nenqaba yaseKokinsky ye-All-Russian Institute of Horticulture and Fruit Growing in the Bryansk Region. Kulapho lapho uKazakov nethimba lakhe bakha khona izinhlobo ezintsha zama-raspberry, okuthe, ngasendleleni, zaba yisisekelo se-assortment yengxenye yaseYurophu yeRussian Federation. Phakathi kwazo kukhona ezokuqala ezweni ezilungele ukukha amajikijolo omshini. Amafutha afakiwe kuleli qembu.
Ividiyo: I-I.V. Kazakov ivuma uthando lwayo kunenekazi elingathandeki - ama-raspberries
Ngomsuka wayo, i-Balm iyi-hybrid, ngoba itholakala ekuvinjelweni kwezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene: iBulgaria Rubin neNewburgh. U-raspberry omusha wangena ezivivinyweni zombuso ngonyaka we-1982 futhi eminyakeni eyi-11 kuphela kamuva wangena kwiRegistry YamaSecurity of Selection. Cishe lonke iRussia, ngaphandle kwe-Urals, iFar East kanye neNyakatho, isiphenduke isifunda sokubekezelela, okuwukuthi, indawo iBalsamu ekwazi ukukhombisa okuhle ngayo.
I-balm iyi-raspberry esezingeni eliphezulu, ebonakala ngokuzithela okuphezulu okuphezulu
Ezivandeni zama-amateur, iBalm selikhule iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30. Ngenxa yezimpawu eziphakeme zentengiso, lo bheri uthengiswa kahle emakethe. Le raspberry isendaweni yonke enjongweni yayo. Ine-flavour efanayo raspberry enephunga elimnandi lasehlathini.
Incazelo ye-Balm Hybrid
Ngokuvela kwesihlahla, i-Balm iyi-raspberry ejwayelekile efaka amahlumela aphezulu (amasentimitha angama-180). Ukusakaza isihlahla. Izinga lokukhula lokukhula okuphakathi lingama-20 amahlumela ngemitha eqondile. Amaqabunga makhulu, aminyene, aluhlaza okotshani, amathe, alula ngemuva, i-pubescent, emthanjeni ophakathi nendawo akukho zibanzi ezithambile. Amahlumela weminyaka emibili yomthunzi onsundu, aphakathi nendawo, ngonyaka - okuluhlaza okotshani, okokugoba kwentambo.
Amagabha okusajingijolo Ukusabalalisa ama-balm, amahlumela amade, ancike emhlabathini
I-raspberry Balm ingaphakathi nesizini, ukuvuna kwenzeka ekupheleni kukaJuni - Julayi, kuye ngesifunda. Amajikijolo makhulu, avuthwe ndawonye, okungukuthi, kuzodingeka ukuthi acutshungulwe kaningi futhi ngokushesha. Izithelo ngesimo zifana nesigaxa esibanzi ngenhla eyindilinga. Isisindo ngasinye sifinyelela ku-3 g. Isivuno singemuva kwesilinganiso salesi sitshalo: 2.2 kg esihlahleni ngasinye, kulinywe ezimboni - i-6-8 t / ha. IDrupe ixhumeke ngokuqinile, amajikijolo aminyene, awakhumeki ngesikhathi sokuqoqa, ahlukaniswe kalula kusiqu.
Ukuvuthwa kwama-Balsam Berries Turn Ruby
I-balm inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu: imnandi ngomunyu, iphunga le-raspberry likhona. Le raspberry ibukeka ijwayelekile koyedwa, imnandi kwabanye, abanye, kunalokho, bazizwa bethi "ukubhoboza omuncu". Okuningi kuncike ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi, isimo sezulu kanye nekhwalithi yokunakekelwa. Kepha kukhona izindawo ezihehayo kuwo wonke umuntu kule hybrid:
- ukumelana nezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane;
- kuthinteke kancane yisibungu sesicabucabu;
- ukumelana nesithwathwa, amahlumela musa ama-vypryvaet;
- uthembekile futhi uzinzile, uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzoba nama-raspberries njalo ngonyaka.
Ividiyo: Ukubuka konke kwe-Raspberry Balm
Izici Zokufika
Uma ufuna ukuqoqa amajikijolo amakhulu futhi amnandi, bese ukhetha indawo enelanga ngaphansi kwe-raspberry. Futhi lokhu akuhlali kutholakala ngaphansi kocingo, lapho izakhamuzi zasehlobo zihlala zithanda ukutshala ama-raspberry. Uma umhlaba usinda, ubumba, khona-ke okokuqala bumba sonke isakhiwo esabelwe isitshalo se-berry, unezela izinto zokuvula: i-peat, umquba, uthuli, izihlahla zonyaka odlule, amahlumela amancane, njll. Umhlabathi weSandy ungalungiswa ngezinto ezifanayo.
Kungcono ukungasebenzisi isihlabathi njengompuphu wokubhaka, ngoba uchobozekile, kepha amatshe anganikeli inhlabathi nganoma iyiphi indlela enza ukukhululeka kulimale umthamo womswakama. Izinhlabathi ezinesihlabathi azigcini umswakama kanye nezakhi ezimpandeni zezitshalo, zizidlulisele ezingxenyeni ezingezansi, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwamaqabunga, ukukhula okungekuhle nokuba nezithelo eziningi.
Emhlabathini othambile nenesihlabathi esanele, kwanele ukufaka umanyolo. Fafaza 1 m², kuya ngesizini yokulungiswa kwendawo, ngaphambi kokumba:
- ekwindla - amabhakede angu-1.5 we-humus, ama-30 g we-superphosphate no-20 g we-potassium sulfate;
- entwasahlobo - amabhakede angu-1.5 we-humus, u-0.5 l womlotha wokhuni.
Lapho ubeka i-Balm embhedeni olungiselelwe, cabanga ngekhono lakhona lokukhulisa izihlahla ezinde nezihlumile. Ibanga emugqeni ophakathi kwezithombo okungenani yi-0.7-1.0 m. Shiya umugqa-ongxoweni ukuze kube lula kuwe ukuhamba kuwo futhi uthathe amajikijolo, kodwa kungabi ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-2. Amaseji anamandla kufanele akhanyiswe kahle futhi anomoya omncane.
Izindlela ezibanzi - lokhu kukhanya okuhle kwezihlahla nenduduzo lapho unakekela ama-raspberry nokuvuna
I-oda lokutshala izithombo limi ngalendlela elandelayo:
- endaweni ebanjiwe futhi evundisiwe ngokuya ngohlelo (ubuncane be-0.7x2 m) yenza izimbobo ezihambelana nosayizi wezimpande zezithombo;
- zigcwalise ngamanzi afudumele elangeni, bese ulinda lize lixakwe;
- beka izithombo eziseleni, usakaze izimpande bese umboza ngomhlaba;
- mulch kokwehla.
Tshala ama-raspberries ekujuleni okufanayo njengoba ayevame ukukhula, ngaphandle kokujulisa intamo yezimpande.
Ividiyo: ukutshala ama-raspberry
Ukukhula okusajingijolo
Ekutshaleni le raspberry akukho zici nobunzima. Ukunisela ezindaweni ezingaseningizimu kuyadingeka kanye ngeviki, kepha kungcono ukubeka ithonsi. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe nomswakama kuze kufike okungenani ku-30 cm. Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ukuthambisa kuyayeka. Ezifundeni ezinezimvula ezivamile nezinamandla, lo mcimbi ungakhohlwa ngokuphelele.
Ezifundeni ezinamahlobo ehlobo wemvula, iBalm ingashiywa ngaphandle kokunisela nhlobo, kanti eningizimu kuyobe kungenayo ukuchelela okudlayo.
Ukwakha amahlumela amasha nokubekisela uphawu isivuno, iBalsamu idinga ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngokobuchwepheshe obuvilaphayo, kwanele ekwindla noma entwasahlobo ukufaka umhlabathi inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla nge-humus noma ukutshala imigqa eseceleni yomquba oluhlaza, uyigaye ngezikhathi ezithile bese ishiya ukubola endaweni yayo. Uma ufuna ukuthola isivuno esicebile samajikijolo amakhulu, khona-ke feza ukugqoka ezintathu:
- Entwasahlobo, lapho nje amathanga emhlabathini, uthele ukumnika we-mullein noma inyoni inyosi. Uma singekho isikhathi nethuba lokupheka, futhi awuyena ophikisana nomanyolo wamaminerali, bese ufafaza ngokulinganayo ngama-30 g we-urea ngemitha ngayinye yesithelo se-raspberry futhi ukhulule inhlabathi. Ungakwenza lokhu ngokuncibilika kweqhwa noma ngaphambi kokuna kwezulu, khona-ke umanyolo uzoncibilika bese uya ezimpandeni ngendlela yemvelo.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza nezimbali, ama-raspberries adinga i-potassium, phosphorus kanye nezinto zokulandela umkhondo, okuthi, ngeshwa, zithinte ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo. Ungenza umlotha, njengalapho utshala (0.5 l nge-1 m²), ukhulule bese uthele. Izingxube eziyinkimbinkimbi zesimanje zezilimo zezithelo nazo zikulungele kahle: i-Agricola, i-Pure Leaf, i-Fertika, njll. Umanyolo ngamunye uhambisana nemiyalo, ungasetshenziselwa ukugqoka kwezimpande kanye nefoli.
- Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokukhosela ebusika, fafaza i-superphosphate (1 tbsp. L / m²) kuma-raspberries, athukulwe ngesigaxa semifino kanye ne-humus noma umquba.
Ividiyo: ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-raspberry entwasahlobo naku-creolin
Kungcono ukwakha okusajikijolo kusuka ezitshalweni ezinhlobonhlobo zamaBalm ngendlela yetheyiphu, ngesihlahla kungaba yinkinga ukusabalalisa nokubopha amahlumela afinyelela kwangama-20 akhula empandeni eyodwa. Ukulima i-tepi, usike zonke amahlumela ezikhula ziye ohlangothini (phakathi kwemigqa), bese ushiya lezo ezibonakala phakathi kwezihlahla. Kumitha eyodwa esebenzayo kufanele kube neziqu ezingaba ngu-8, okungukuthi, cishe njalo ngamasentimitha ayi-10. Ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu uzothola udonga oluyi-raspberry. Okuphoqelekile kudingeka i-trellis. Kwanele ukushayela ekuqaleni nasekupheleni komugqa izingongolo zokhuni noma ngamapayipi ensimbi futhi welule phakathi kwabo imigqa emi-2 yocingo: owokuqala ukuphakama okungama-60 cm ukusuka emhlabathini, owesibili - 120 cm.
Iribhoni enjenge-raspberry kulula ukuyibopha ku-trellis
Kuma-raspberries Balsamu, ungasika kabili ngokusho kweSbolev, khona-ke ivolumu yesilimo izophinda kabili. Amajikijolo ngeke aboshwe eziqongweni kuphela, kodwa futhi kuyo yonke ubude behlumela. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, kungakapheli isikhathi sokuqala kukaJuni, cofa iziqongo zezinsizwa, ezisalokhu ziluhlaza. Ukuphakama kwabo ngemuva kokunciniswa kufanele kube okungenani ngama-70-100 cm. Ngemuva kwalokhu, amagatsha aseceleni azoqala ukukhula.
- Entwasahlobo yonyaka olandelayo, nciza iziqongo zamagatsha aseceleni. Ngenxa yalokhu, amahlumela azobukeka njengezihlahla eziqabile. Kuzo zombili izinhlamvu zamagatsha kuzovela, bese kuba namajikijolo.
Uma ufuna ukusebenzisa le ndlela yokuthena izihlahla, khona-ke khulisa ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela ngendlela yethiphu yokukhula ifinyelele ku-20 cm.
Futhi, ukunakekelwa kweBhalsamu kufaka phakathi ukususwa kwamagatsha amadala aluhlaza. Ungawubeki lo mcimbi kuze kube yilapho sekuwa amahlamvu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, kanye kanye nesikhunta nezinambuzane zakho zizodlula zingene emhlabathini. Ukusika futhi kususe iziqu eziye zinciphile, kodwa nokho zikhula, kusukela esakhiweni ngokushesha nje kokuvunwa, awusishiyi izimuncagazi ithuba lokushintshela amahlumela amancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isihlahla sizoba namandla amaningi okubeka uphawu futhi sivuthwe izithelo ezisetshenzisiwe zonyaka olandelayo.
I-Shelter ebusika i-Balm iyafiseleka, yize kwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo, emadolobheni angaphansi, ebusika okusajingijolo kahle, hhayi kugobile emhlabathini. Ezindaweni ezinamaqabunga angaphansi kwama-30 ⁰C nangaphansi, amahlumela adinga ukulungiswa ukuze ambozwe yiqhwa ebusika futhi alungiswe, ngokwesibonelo, ngokuwahlanganisa ndawonye. Akubalulekile ukugoba iziqu phansi, ungazaphula. Entwasahlobo, masinyane ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, uqonde ama-raspberries bese ubopha ku-trellis.
Amafutha awadingi izinto zokumboza, kwanele ukugoba amahlumela ngaphansi kwezinga leqhwa bese uhlangana ndawonye
Ukuvuna nokunquma amajikijolo amaBhalsamu
I-fruiting eBalsam inala futhi ihlala isikhashana. Amajikijolo kuyodingeka ukuthi aqoqwe futhi acutshungulwe zonke ezinye izinsuku. Izinsalela zingabiwa nabathandekayo noma zithengiswe emakethe. Amajikijolo aminyene, agcina ukuma kwawo kahle, efakwa ungqimba oluncane emabhokisini, azosinda ngokufanelekile kwezokuhamba kanye nokugcinwa okufushane. Ngokusetshenziswa komuntu siqu, unga: uqhwa; yomile ukuyisebenzisa ebusika ukulungiselela ukulungiswa kwetiye lokupholisa; noma upheke ujamu odumile we-raspberry. Kepha, ngaphambi kwalokhu, kunconywa ukuthola amajikijolo amasha, aqukethe izinto eziningi zokulandela kanye namavithamini abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu.
Amajikijolo aqukethe ushukela ofinyelela ku-11% (ushukela, i-fructose, i-pentose), iminonjana yamafutha abalulekile, i-pectin namaprotheni, umphuzi; amavithamini C, A, B; I-1-2% ama-organic acid (i-malic, i-citric, i-tartaric, i-salicylic, njll.), I-alcohols (i-tartaric, isoamyl), ama-ketones (i-acetoin, i-diacetyl, i-β-ionone), i-anthocyaninin, i-catechins (d-catechin, l-epigallocatechin); kuze kufike ku-0,3% wama-tannins.
//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/anuelD0 Ear9C koloD0 koloB0unziD0anuelBBanuelD0 EarB8anuelD0 EarBDanuelD0anuelB0 # B8% D1% 87% D0% B5% D1% 81% D0% BA% D0% B8% D0% B9_% D1% 81% D0% BE% D1% 81% D1% 82% D0% B0% D0% B2
Ividiyo: iresiphi elula kakhulu ye-raspberry jam ngaphandle kwamanzi
Ukubuyekezwa Kwabalimi
Uma ungenalo ithuba lokufeza zonke izindlela ezidingekayo zokunakekela izinhlobo ezinkulu ezinezithelo, khona-ke kukhona ingozi yokuthi ushiywe ungenaso isivuno iminyaka eminingana. Ngemuva kwalokho kungukuhlwanyela ukutshala izinhlobo ezingenakubekeka esizeni esinobukhulu bezithelo obujwayelekile, bese ziyaqinisekiswa ukuletha isivuno minyaka yonke. Lokhu kusebenza ezinhlotsheni: "Gusar", "Skromnitsa", "Balm", "Malakhovka", "Kirzhach", "Lazarevskaya".
I-Sineglazka//www.wizardfox.net/forum/threads/malina.29614/page-2
Izinhlobo zami ze-raspberry engizithandayo yi-'Meteor ',' Oksana ',' Balm '. Njalo ngeminyaka ngivuna isivuno esikhulu. Entwasahlobo, lapho ngitshala izihlahla ezintsha ezi-raspberry, ngenza umgodi wokutshala isitshalo ngasinye ngobubanzi nokujula okungama-30 cm, bese ngifaka umquba obolile nomlotha lapho. Umanyolo wamaminerali namanye amakhemikhali angiwasebenzisi.
GalinaNik//www.nn.ru/community/dom/dacha/?do=read&thread=991507&topic_id=19974415
Ibhalsamu le-raspiberi linikeza isivuno esizinzile ngaphandle kokudinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Izindlela ezilula nezaziwa kakhulu kwezolimo zingasetshenziswa kuzo. Kubangelwa ukukhuphuka kwesivuno sokugqoka okuphezulu nokuthenwa okuphindwe kabili. Amajikijolo ane ukunambitheka okulula okungajwayelekile kwama-raspberries asehlathini, asha futhi angama-chic ekuvuneni.
