I-Gerberas yizimbali ezithokozelayo ezinamaphethelo azo zidwetshwe ezihlahleni ezihlukahlukene. Lezi zimbali ezikhanyayo zizokwenza umkhathi ocolile futhi zihlobise noma yiliphi igumbi.
Kwafika i-gerbera esifundeni sethu kusuka eNingizimu Afrika. Usosayensi uGrosvius wathola umbono. Igama lembali lalihlonipha udokotela uGerber.
Ingabe isitshalo esifanele ukukhula endlini futhi kungani amaqabunga ephuzi futhi esomile? Sizobhekana nalokhu kulesi sihloko. Sizokutshela ngezinkinga ezivamile ze-gerbera bese unikeza imiyalelo eningiliziwe yokuthi ungayiphilisa kanjani le mbali ekhanyayo.
Kuyini lesi sitshalo?
I-Gerberas yilabo abahlala emndenini we-Astrov. Izimbali ziyakuthanda kakhulu ukushisa, ezimweni zemvelo ezikhulayo kuphela ezindaweni ezifudumele. Izwe lakuleli sitshalo yiNingizimu Afrika, isiqhingi saseMadagascar nesifunda Southeast Asia.
Ngaphandle, i-gerberas ifana ne-chamomile, kodwa imibala yabo ihluke kakhulu.: kusuka cherry elikhanyayo kuze kube yinkimbinkimbi ukhilimu shades. I-Gerberas ivame ukukhulelwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, kaningi kangako - ezimweni zendawo.
Izingcaphuno ezivela enchazweni yezitshalo:
- Amaqabunga avulekile, ahlukaniswe ngephutha, abe nombala obala obala.
- Isitembu sifushane.
- I-Inflorescence ngendlela yamabhakethi (evamile kubamele bama-Astrovs).
- Indlela yokusakazwa kwe-gerbera - imbewu.
- Isikhathi sokuqhakaza kwe-Gerber side: kusuka ezinyangeni ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-4.
Ukuqhubekela phambili ezifweni
I-Gerberas impela izitshalo ezingamelana nezifo, kodwa nazo zingathinteka yizifo ezinama-bacterial, viral and fungal. Phakathi kwezikhathi ezivame kakhulu:
Alternaria;- i-sclerotinosis;
- i-mosaic;
- isikhumba se-powdery;
- izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubola;
- ukunqoba izinambuzane ezihlahleni.
Alternaria;Ngokuvamile, izifo ze-gerbera ziwumphumela wokunakekelwa okungafanele.. Ukuphuziza nokumiswa kwamagqabi kuhambisana nokusabalala kwamafihlethi kanye nama-inflorescences, ukubukeka kwe-plaque, nokubola kwesistimu. Yini okufanele uyenze kuleso simo kunokuba uphathe?
Indlela yokuqaphela lesi sifo?
Amaqabunga e-Yellowing - isignali sokuqala neyingozi kakhulu, ekhombisa izifo ezihlukahlukene. Indlela iplanethi leqabunga eliphenduka ngayo liphuzi lixhomeke esibangweni esithile (ukunakekelwa okungafanele, ukugula, ukuhlaselwa kwezinambuzane).
Izindawo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ezibomvu zokuma okulinganiselwe zingabonakala phakathi kweqabunga. Umngcele ophuzi nawo ungabonakala emaphethelweni epuleti leshidi. Uma imbangela ingaqedwa, kancane kancane i-yellowness ihlanganisa ishidi lonke. Okulandelayo kulandela ukuguqulwa kwekhalenda lamaqabunga nezinye izingxenye zesitshalo. Leli qabunga lincipha kancane kancane (lifa).
Izizathu eziyinhloko
Isizathu sokuqala nesiyinhloko - ukunakekelwa okungalungile noma okungalungile-kwekhwalithi. I-Gerberas yizitshalo ezithandekayo kakhulu ngokwemvelo., kodwa ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo amaqabunga awo aphela elangeni. I-Gerberas emabhodini ekushiseni kunconywa ukuba isuswe endaweni engaphansi kwelanga noma ifakwe ngendwangu.
Kubalulekile! Ukondla okungalungile nakho kuholela ekuphuzeni kwamaqabunga. Ukuze kusetshenziswe okulungile okuyingxenye eluhlaza, imifino equkethe i-nitrojeni iyadingeka, futhi phakathi nesikhathi sokuqhakaza okusebenzayo, ama-gerberas adinga ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokuqukethwe okunamandla kwe-potassium (ukuze uthole ukuthi kungani igumbi le-gerberas lingagubuki nemithetho yokunakekelwa, funda izinto zethu).
Nakuba i-gerbera ithanda umswakama ophezulu, akukhuthazwa ukuba uyifake. Ummbila onesitshalo ukwanele ukufaka ithreyi ngamatshe amanzi ahlanzekile. Amaqabunga e-Gerbera angahle aphuzi kusuka emswakama owedlulele. Ungavami ukuphuza isitshalo kaningi futhi ikakhulukazi esikhathini esibi kakhulu.
Umehluko ekunakekeleni imbali ekhaya nasesitolo
Izimo ezikhulayo ze-gerberas esitolo zihluke kakhulu ekhaya (indlela yokunakekela igerbera ekamelweni?). Lokhu kubalulekile ukucabangela ngesikhathi sokuthengwa kwesitshalo.
Esitolo, lesi sitshalo sidliwa ngezindlela ezikhethekile ezivimbela ukukhula. Lokhu kuthinta ukwanda kwe-chlorophyll emaqabunga, okwenza kube luhlaza obumnyama.- Ngemuva kokuba i-gerberas ibuyele ekhaya isitolo, amaqabunga awo ahlala isikhathi eside futhi aqala ukuphenduka. Ukuze usize imbali esimweni esinjalo, udinga ukumnika ukukhanya okuhle nokulawula ukushisa.
- Awukwazi ukutshala i-gerbera ngokushesha ngemva kokuthenga. Udinga ukulinda amasonto amabili bese ulandela ukufakelwa. Lokhu kuzosiza isitshalo ukugwema ukucindezeleka, kuzosusa inqubo encane kabi.
Esitolo, lesi sitshalo sidliwa ngezindlela ezikhethekile ezivimbela ukukhula. Lokhu kuthinta ukwanda kwe-chlorophyll emaqabunga, okwenza kube luhlaza obumnyama.Imiphumela yezifo
I-Gerberas ivame ukuthinta ukuqhuma. Kulesi sifo, lesi sitshalo sibaphuzi bese siwa phansi wonke amaqabunga, futhi endaweni yawo, izinhlamvu ezibangelwa izifo ziyathuthuka.
Amaqabunga aphuzi futhi afihle ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezifungile. Uhlelo lwempande lubhekene nalezi zifo - izimpande ziqala ukubola. Amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukuqina kwawo, abe yi-lethargic futhi athole umthunzi ophuzi obomvu.
Isizathu esilandelayo yi-powdery isikhutha. Lesi sifo sibonakala emaqabunga anamabala amhlophe. Futhi Ukuphuza kweqabunga lamaqabunga ngokuvamile kuyisibonakaliso sokugonywa ngama-parasites. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-aphid, ama-whiteflies.
Okulandelayo, ividiyo ebonakalayo yokuthi i-gerbera ibheka kanjani, ishaywa yi-powdery isikhutha:
Imiyalo eningiliziwe yokwelapha imbali?
Lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo esitholakala, zonke izingxenye ezithintekile zalesi sitshalo kufanele zinqunywe ngommese obukhali. Beka ukusikeka ukucubungula amalahle noma umlotha. Uma izinqubo ze-putrefactive zithinte impande - zisuse ebhodweni, zibeke emanzini afudumele, unqume izindawo ezifile bese uzifafaza ngomlotha. Khona-ke i-gerbera idinga ukufakwa endaweni entsha yomhlabathi.
| Isizathu | Ungasindisa kanjani isitshalo? |
| Grey ukubola | Phatha zonke izingxenye zezitshalo ne-Fundazole (unamathele emithonjeni yembali yasekhaya). |
| Umsuka intamo ukubola | Ukwelashwa kwe-flower spray Fitosporin. Ukuze ungalingani nomthamo, isidakamizwa sithengwa kangcono ngesisombululo esenziwe ngomumo noma unamathisele. |
| I-Fusarium |
|
| Idonsa likaMealy | Ukulwa nokusebenzisa i-fungicides (i-Topaz, Learnzol). Ingasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kanye ne-prophylaxis. |
| Alternaria | Uma izimpawu zokuqala zitholakala, funa lesi sitshalo nganoma iyiphi i-fungicide ye-systemic (i-Ridomil Gold). |
| Isibungu se-spider |
|
| I-Whitefly, i-aphid, isihlangu |
|
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela
Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha indawo efanele ye-gerbera. Kumele kube kuhle, njengoba lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya. I-Gerbera kufanele ithole amahora angama-12-15 amahora ngosuku.kungenakugwema ukuphuza amaqabunga. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Mashi, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinikezwe ukukhanya okungeziwe, futhi ezinsukwini ezishisayo zasehlobo kufanele zisuswe e-windows sill ukuze amaqabunga angashisi elangeni.
Umhlabathi udlala indima enkulu empilweni ye-gerbera. Ukushintshwa kwemoya kanye nomswakama kufanelekile yizimfanelo ezisemqoka zenhlabathi. Ilungiselelwe kusuka ensimini yasemasimini, i-peat, i-sawdust ne-gark. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe ne-acidity ephakathi. Akukho cala angeke sikhuliswe ngama-humus kanye nomquba.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungagcini lesi sitshalo bese ulandela isimiso sokunisela.. Kuvinjelwe ukusebenzisa amanzi abandayo ukunisela. Ukushisa okuhle akuphansi kwama-degrees angu-20. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi akukho umehluko ocacile phakathi kokushisa kwamanzi kanye nokushisa kwomoya ekamelweni. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okungaphezulu kwomoya ekamelweni udinga ukusebenzisa i-atomizer enhle.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze amaqabunga e-gerbera angahle aphuzi, kwanele ukugcina umbuso wokukhanya, ukulawula umswakama wenhlabathi nomoya ekamelweni. Uma lesi sitshalo sithinteka yisiphi isifo, izinyathelo kufanele zithathwe ngokushesha ukuze zilwe. Usizo olufike ngesikhathi luzosindisa imbali ekufeni.
