I-Tillandsia - ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya, isithombe

Tillandsia(Tillandsia) - imbali exotic ukuba nefomu lasekuqaleni nokufakelwa imibala. Uhlobo lwe-herbaceous evergreens oluqhamuka emndenini wakwaBromeliad, oqanjwe nguprofesa waseSweden u-E. Tillands - umqambi weBotanical Garden eNyuvesi yaseHelsinki. Kutholakala ngemvelo ezintabeni nasehlathini elishisayo laseNingizimu Melika. Uhlala ekhaya iminyaka engaba mihlanu.

Ikhula kancane, ifinyelela ku-0.3 - 0,6 m. Ama-Tillandsia blooms kusuka ekuqaleni kwekwindla kuya kuJanuwari ngezimbali ezihlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezikhanyiswe ngamabhulethi asicaba abukeka njengendlebe ye-raspberry noma umbala ovuthayo. Amacembe amancanyana (afinyelela ku-30 ​​cm) apendwe luhlaza okotshani noma mpunga. Isitshalo esifanele i-florarium.

Izici ezizuzisayo ze-tillandsia

I-Tillandsia igxilisa amandla ngokwayo, okuvela emvelweni wangaphandle (abantu, izinto), kuyithuthukisa, futhi kusatshalaliswe ngesihle ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Amandla ezimbali aqondiswa kusuka ezimpandeni kuya esiqwini; amaqabunga nezimbali ezizungezile ezinendawo eyindilinga engabonakali, zisakazeka sizungeze lesi sitshalo ngamandla ahamba ngamandla.

Eduze kwakhe kukhona ukuhlakanipha kwamandla. Le mbali isiza kakhulu ngokuhlanza umoya futhi idonse umsindo ongaphandle kwegumbi. Emazweni aseNingizimu Melika, ifenisha yakhiwe ngamaqabunga aqinile, futhi imicamelo namatilasi kuhlanganiswa ngayo.

I-Tillandsia ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya (kafushane)

ITillandsia ekhaya Izidingo zokugcina imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa:

Kunezici zokukhula kwe-tillandsia. I-Tillandsia ingakhula emhlabathini, futhi ingaba yi-epiphyte futhi inamathele emithini yemithi, emadwaleni nakwezinye izixhasi. Ungakhula imbali esiqeshini samagxolo, ngemuva kokusika umgodi kuyo. Kufakwe imbali emgodini, izimpande zawo zimbozwe nge-sphagnum. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sinesikhathi sokuphumula egumbini elinomswakama. Ngalesi sikhathi, ingafakwa ku-florarium.

Tillandsia ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya

I-Tillandsia imbali ekhaya ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ngisho ne-novice ingakhula. Kodwa ukudala izimo ezidingekayo ze-tillandsia - isitshalo esishisayo - ukuzizwa ukhululekile, kubalulekile.

I-Tillandsia bloom

Tillandsia ekhaya blooms kusuka ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari. Ukuqhakaza kwesitshalo esingafani nakho kuyamangaza. Phezu kwe-rosette yamaqabunga aluhlaza atholakala phezulu kuphakama ama-bracts adwetshwe ngombala okusajingijolo (owolintshi, obomvu okhanyayo). Bakha ama-inflorescence asicaba, afana nes spike esikhulu esinemigqa emibili.

Ngaso leso sikhathi, izimbali ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ezikhanyayo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (violet) zingaqhakaza. Ngemuva kokuphela kwembali yokugcina, i-peduncle igcina umphumela wokuhlobisa isikhashana. Esitshalweni, kufika amahlumela afike kwayi-8. Ngokuzayo lapho ziyaqhakaza.

Imodi yokushisa

I-tillandsia yasekhaya ithande kakhulu ukufudumala. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukugcina umbuso wokushisa. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa elingaphakathi endlini akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka + 17 ° C, futhi ehlobo - lisuka + 22 - 29 ° C. Ebusuku, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe phansi kancane kunasemini, kepha izinguquko ezingazelelwe kufanele zigwenywe. Ngenkathi efudumele, imbali ingakhipha ngaphandle.

I-Tillandsia ayikubekezeleli okusalungiswa, ngakho-ke udinga ukukhetha indawo lapho ingekho.

Ukufafaza

Ukuze i-tillandsia ikhule kahle, ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kudinga ukulondolozwa komswakama osohlwini lwama-60 - 87%. Ukufafaza nsuku zonke amaqabunga kwenziwa ngamanzi angcolile we-tepid.. Amanzi akufanele awele kuma-inflorescence nezimbali, ngaphandle kwalokho azolahlekelwa ukuheha

. Amanzi kufanele agcinwe endaweni yokuphuma yamaqabunga. Inhlabathi imbozwe moss emanzi. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo singafakwa ku-mini-greenhouse - i-florarium, lapho kuzonikezwa khona umswakama ofanele.

Isibani

I-Tillandsia izizwa ingcono kakhulu ekhaya endaweni ene-shaded, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezishisayo, yize ithanda ukukhanya. Ewindini elibheke empumalanga noma enyakatho nentshonalanga, u-tillandsia uzizwa ekhululekile. Ekwindla nasebusika, imbali idinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe, ngakho-ke idluliselwa entshonalanga noma eningizimu mpumalanga. Okunconyelwe kakhulu isitshalo kukhanya okuhlukile.

Ukunisela

Ehlobo, ukuthambisa okuningana kuyadingeka njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7 ngaphansi kwezimpande. Ebusika, i-tillandsia iniselwa kancane lapho umhlabathi ungaphezulu womile.

Uma kukhona amanzi endaweni ephumayo, awukwazi ukunisela inhlabathi. Okokunisela thatha amanzi ahleliwe endaweni yokushisa yasendlini. I-Sphagnum ibekwa emhlabathini ukugcina umswakama.

I-Tillandsia primer

Inhlabathi ye-tillandsia kufanele ibe lula futhi ivundile. Ingxube yenhlabathi ingalungiswa ngokuzimela ngokungeza i-peat, sphagnum nesihlabathi kanye namalahle aqoshiwe enhlabathini yengadi. ITillandsia ekhaya ingakhula kahle enhlabathini elungiselelwe ama-orchid, ingathengwa esitolo. Ukudonswa kwamanzi kufanele kube kuhle, okungenani 1/3 wevolthi yebhodwe.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukufaka umquba nokufaka umanyolo kubalulekile ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile nasekugcinweni kokubukeka kwembali yokuhlobisa. I-Tillandsia idinga ukufafaza amaqabunga ngomanyolo we-2 oxilisiwe (ungathululela isisombululo kusokhethi). Zondliwa njalo emavikini amabili kuya kwayi-3 ukusuka entwasahlobo kuye ekwindla.

Ungasebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi wama-orchid. Umanyolo we-Liquid uyahlanjululwa. Izinto eziphilayo (ukumnika i-mullein, humus) azisetshenziswa nakancane. Uma i-tillandsia ikhula emagxolo, khona-ke izinkuni, ngokubola kancane, zinikeza imbali ngezinto eziwusizo. Ukugcwala kwengcindezi akwenzeki: lokhu kungalimaza uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo esibuthakathaka.

Ukufakelwa kweTillandsia

Uma i-tillandsia ithengwe kuma-blooms wesitolo, umuntu kufanele alinde ukuphela kwenqubo: ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, isitshalo esidala siyafa, akunangqondo ukusifaka lapho. Ngokuzayo lapho lesi sitshalo sitshalwa phakathi kokuhlukaniswa kwezingane noma ukufezekisa ukuqina kwembali emhlabathini.

Ukufakwa kweTillandsia esitsheni esingapheli kwenziwa ngaphandle kokujula. Imbiza ikhethiwe ingajulile, kepha ibanzi. Ngeviki lokuqala imbali ifakwe umhluzi futhi ayinkcenkceshelwa. Ukudlulisa imbali kunconywa njalo eminyakeni emi-3.

Izihlahla

Ukugoqa - ingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekela izitshalo eziningi. ITillandsia inesilinganiso sokukhula esiphansi nesikhathi sokukhula esifushane. Isitshalo esibumbene asakheli amakhwapha angaphezulu kanye namahlumela. Kungagawulwa kuphela isiqu sezimbali esomile. Ngemuva kwalokhu, isitshalo esidala sizokufa, kepha izisekelo ezincane zizosala, eziqhubeka nokunakekela.

Ukunakekelwa kalula kungenye yezizathu ze-tillandsia isiba isitshalo sasekhaya esanda kakhulu.

Ukuzalela iTillandsia

Ukusakazeka kweTillandsia kutholakala ngezindlela ezimbili - imbewu noma izinsana.

Ukuzalwa kabusha yizingane

Ukuzalwa kabusha yizingane - Inketho ethandwayo yokuthola isibonelo sesitshalo esisha. Izingane (izinqubo ezilandelwayo) zakhiwa ngesikhathi sezimbali ze-tillandsia.

• Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, ukuze kulondolozwe isitshalo se-uterine, amahlumela akamuva ahlukaniswa nawo, afinyelela ku-7 cm cm futhi akha izimpande.
• Izindawo zokwehlukaniswa kwezitshalo zifakwa ngamalahle avuthayo.
• Ingane itshalwe ingxube yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, ithathwe ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo.
• Amanzi bese ushiya kuze kube unezimpande ngokuphelele, futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu udluliselwe endaweni engapheli.
• Ngemuva kweminyaka lemibili noma ngemuva kwesikhatshana, i-tillandsia iyaqhakaza.
• Uma imbali inokudubula oku-1, kushiyelwa ebhodweni, bese kususwa isitshalo esidala esomile. Ama-Epiphytes anda kalula: ahlukaniswe izingcezu, izimpande zawo zimbozwe nge-moss oswakanyisiwe bese ufakwa kusekela.

Ukukhula kweTillandsia kusuka kwiMbewu

Ukusakazwa kwembewu elula futhi.

• Ingxube ye-peat-sand ithululelwa esitsheni.
• Imbewu ifakwa emiseleni enomswakama (ifafaze ngenhlabathi futhi ayidingi ukungcwatshwa).
• Mboza nge-foil bese ushiya ukuze ukhule endaweni efudumele (cishe + 25 ° C).
• Ifilimu lisuswa ukunisela kanye umoya omncane wezithombo.
• Ngemuva kwenyanga, amahlumela azovela, lapho kuvela amaqabunga ama-3, atshaliwe. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5, lesi sitshalo siyoqhakaza.

Ukusakazeka kweTillandsia kulula, kepha ukukhetha inketho yokuqala, ungasibona ngokushesha isitshalo esinezimbali.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Kwesinye isikhathi kuba nobunzima lapho kukhula i-tillandsia: izifo nezinambuzane zihlasela imbali:

• amaqabunga e-tillandsia aba buthambile futhi abulale - lokushisa eliphansi (hlela kabusha endaweni efudumele);
• ukubola izimpande ze-tillandsia - ukufaka amanzi kwenhlabathi (kunciphisa ukuthambisa);
• i-tillandsia ayakhi izitolo ezintsha -Izakhi zomsoco (vuselela inhlabathi, ukondle);
• amabala grey kumaqabunga e-tillandsia - isifo se-fungal (fafaza amaqabunga ngesisombululo se-fungic, ukumboza umhlabathi);
• amathiphu amaqabunga aba nsundu - ukuchelela ngamanzi alukhuni (ukuchelela ngamanzi angcolile);
• amaqabunga aba nsundu noma abe nsundu - Ukubola kwezimpande ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi (isitshalo siyafa);
• amaqabunga ayaphela - inqubo yemvelo yemvelo;
• ukukhula kancane kwesihlahla lapho ungekho - ukukhanya okuncane (hlela kabusha endaweni ebonakalayo);
• izimbali zaphenduka zaba mhlophe -Iqile kokukhanya (pritenit);
• ukulahleka kwe-turgor kanye nokuguqulwa kwamaqabunga - umehluko wokushisa obukhali;
• amapheshana ezinakekela izingane -okunisela ngamanzi alukhuni (thatha amanzi ashiywe emi futhi ahlungiwe ekushiseni kwegumbi);
• amabala ansundu kumaqabunga - ukushiswa yilanga (imbali ye-pritenit);
• amaqabunga alahliwe - umehluko ngokukhanyisa noma izinga lokushisa, ukubola kwezimpande;
• ishiya ukusonteka, ukugoqa, ukufa - Ukuntuleka komswakama.

Sibuthakathaka tillandsia zingathinteka yizilokazane: i-whitefly, izinambuzane ezikala esikalini, mealybug. Ukwelashwa kwamaqabunga nge-fungicide ngemuva kokusula ngamanzi anensipho kuzobasindisa.

Izinhlobo zaseTillandsia ekhaya ngezithombe namagama

Ezinhlotsheni ezingama-400 ze-tillandsia, zimbalwa kuphela ezitshaliwe ekhaya.

I-Tillandsia eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka

Amaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani obomvu, obomvu onsundu ezansi. Finyelela ku-0, 3 m. Ukuqhakaza ehlobo. I-inflorescence is spike eminyene. Amabhuleki apinki. Izimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziyaqhakaza emaphethelweni azo, kusukela phezulu.

Tillandsia Anita

Izinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid zisuselwa ku-Blue. Amaqabunga aluhlaza acwebile anombala ompunga kanye nemiphetho ekhonjiwe akha irosette. Isikhungo saso, esiqwini esifushane, kuqhakaza imbali eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezungezwe ama-pink bracts. Ayinazimpande, ithola umswakama ovela emoyeni, kanye nokudla okunempilo - ngenxa yelanga.

ITillandsia ayifihliwe

Izinhlobo ze-Epiphytic. Amaqabunga e-silvery filmator anobude be-5 - 100 cm yekhasino phansi. Igama elidumile "Intshebe Yomuntu Omdala". Izimbali eziphuzi zombala ophuzi ngokungapheli. Iqhakaza ehlobo.

I-Tillandsia tricolor

Amaqabunga e-spiky aluhlaza angama-20 cm ambozwe ngezikali. Ekuphumeni kwabo obukhulu - ama-peduncle ama-1 noma ngaphezulu mpo. Amathuna wesikhumba apendwe ngokuhlanganiswa kwamathoni aluhlaza, ophuzi, abomvu. Umbala onsomi ukhula esiqwini eside (7 cm). Iqhakaza ehlobo.

I-Tillandsia isitshalo esimangazayo esixakile. Kuletha okuhlukahlukene kwezangaphakathi, kugcizelela isici sayo. Ukulula kokunakekelwa kwezimbali kwenze kwathandwa phakathi kwabalimi.