Kaningi, abalimi bakhala ngokuthi: isihlahla se-currant asikhuli kahle, amajikijolo ambalwa atshaliwe, izifo nezinambuzane zihlala emaqabungeni, amahlumela aqine ebusika. Lezi kanye nezinye izinkinga eziningi zingabangelwa ukungondleki kahle. Uma ama-currants engazitholi zonke izinto ezidingekayo, khona-ke ngeke akwazi ukuthuthuka ngokujwayelekile, amelane nezifo, anikeze ukukhula okunempilo nezinso. Iminyaka yokuqala emva kokutshala, isihlahla sithatha umsoco enhlabathini, kepha ngokuzayo, sidinga usizo ngendlela yokugqoka ephezulu.
Kungani ama-currants edinga ukugqoka okuphezulu
I-Currant yakha uhlelo lwempande olungelona phezulu, olutholakala ekujuleni okungafika ku-50 cm. Njenganoma yisiphi isitshalo esitshaliwe, sidinga umanyolo ngoba kungekudala izisethi zomsoco endaweni yezimpande ziyaphela. Ngenxa yokusetshenziswa okufika ngesikhathi kwamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic, i-currant ikhula kahle kusisindo sehlathi, amajikijolo akhula amakhulu, anomhluzi, ngokunambitheka okuphezulu. Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Autumn kubaluleke kakhulu - asisizi kuphela ukulungiselela ama-currant bush ebusika, kodwa futhi kunomthelela ekubekweni kwezithelo ezintsha.
IBlackcurrant ikhula endaweni eyodwa iminyaka engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20, kepha uma ingekho eyondlayo, isencane, ingahle ingekho emzimbeni
Umanyolo omnyama lapho utshala
Ama-currants asabela kahle kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwezimo ezikhulayo. Uma uhlela ukutshala izihlahla ezintsha, kungakuhle ukuthi ulungiselele leyo ndawo ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kuyadingeka ukondla inhlabathi ngomanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic, bambe, futhi uma le ndawo ifakwe amanzi - yi-drain.
Ukulungiselela umgodi
Ukunikezwa kwama-currants ngokudla kuya ngosayizi womgodi wokufika. Lapho likhulu, isitoko esingcono ongasakhela isihlahla. Njengoba ukujula kwezimpande ze-currants kuncane, akunangqondo ukumba ujule. Ukugcwalisa kahle umgodi ngokuxubana kwenhlabathi okuvundile nokuvundile, kungcono ukwengeza ubukhulu. Ubukhulu bomgodi buya ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi engadini yakho:
- Ku-chernozem, kwanele ukumba umgodi osayizi wezimpande futhi utshale isihlahla ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo.
- Ezindaweni eziningi, inhlabathi e-loamy noma enesihlabathi esikhulu, futhi umgodi uvame ukwenziwa ngosayizi ongu-60x60 cm.
- Emhlabathini omncanyana, ukumbiwa kwenziwa kumitha eyi-1 ububanzi - usayizi wesihlahla esidala.
Ividiyo: kanjani ukulungiselela kahle umgodi wokufika
Isicelo somanyolo
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi ama-currants akhula endaweni eyodwa isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, ingxube yenhlabathi yokutshala kumele ilungiselelwe ngokucophelela:
- Hlanganisa inhlabathi evundile kahle ne-humus noma umquba (1: 1), engeza u-0,5 l womlotha wokhuni. Gcwalisa umgodi olungiselelwe ngomxube.
- Vumela ingxube isebenze kahle inyanga, kuphela emva kwalokho ongatshala ama-currants.
- Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, gcwalisa imigodi kusukela ekwindla.
Inhlabathi evundile ingaphezulu kwamasentimitha angama-30. Kepha ukuze ugcwalise umgodi, ungaletha umhlaba uvela ehlathini, uye ensimini noma uthenge umhlabathi jikelele. Umhlaba okhethwe ekujuleni okungaphansi kwama-30 cm awukwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukutshala.
Kubukeka njengomgodi wokungena olungiselelwe kwangaphambili - ugcwele ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi enempilo futhi umakwe ngesikhonkwane
Uma kungekho-humus, umquba nomlotha, bese ugcwalisa umgodi ngomhlabathi olungiselelwe oxutshaniswe nezinto ezilandelayo (isihlahla ngasinye):
- 1 tbsp. l urea
- 2 tbsp. l i-superphosphate;
- 1 tbsp. l umanyolo we-potash we-chlorine-free.
Akunakusebenza ukuthi ungatshali ama-currants emhlabathini, osanda kuvunwa ngomanyolo wamaminerali. Amakristalu awakaxubeki nenhlabathi futhi ababanga nesikhathi sokuncibilika, ngakho-ke angashisa izimpande.
Ukugqoka okuyisisekelo
Umanyolo owethulwe ngesikhathi sokutshala uzohlala iminyaka engama-3-4, ngaphambi nje kokuthi kufike isikhathi sokuzala ngokugcwele. Ama-currants abantu abadala adinga izakhamzimba kuyo yonke inkathi, kepha isigaba ngasinye sokuthuthuka sidinga isethi ethile yezinto. Ngakho-ke, ekukhuleni kwamaqabunga namahlumela, i-nitrogen iyadingeka, ukuqinisa izimpande futhi ikhulise ubusika be-hardness - phosphorus, kanti ne-potassium ibhekele ikhwalithi yezithelo, ikhulisa ukungazeleleki kwesitshalo.
Ama-currants amnyama adinga ukondliwa okungenani kabili - entwasahlobo nasekwindla. Futhi ukuze uthole isivuno esikhulu sokwehlukahluka futhi uthuthukise ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo, ama-currants angaphezulu kwalokho micronutrient.
Ukufakelwa ama-currants ngomanyolo we-micronutrient kuvame ukwenziwa ngokufafaza ngeqabunga eliluhlaza.
Umanyolo we-currant ekwindla
Ama-currants asemancane, asethuthukile aba isihlahla esinothile esinezithelo, aqala ukondla ekugcineni kwesizini, ngemuva kokuthola isivuno sokuqala samajikijolo. Ekwindla, umquba we-nitrogen awukwazi ukusetshenziswa, ngoba uvusa ukukhula ngobudlova kwamahlumela. Ngalesi sikhathi, kusetshenziswa kuphela umquba we-phosphorus ne-potassium mineral.
Ithebula: Izinzuzo zokusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali
| Kungani udinga | Umanyolo wePotash | Ama-phosphoric Fertilizer |
| Ukuze uthole izithelo |
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| Okwezempilo zezihlahla | Khulisa ukumelana kwezitshalo ezifweni. |
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I-Potassium ilungele ukusetshenziswa kwesicelo ngaphansi kwama-currants ekwindla, lapho kudalwa izimo ezinhle kakhulu zesikhunta se-pathogenic - ukungcwilisa nokuphola. Ngosizo lwe-potassium, ama-currant angakhuphula ukungatheleleki kwawo futhi awugcine kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
IPhosphorus iyinto yokwakha yezitho zezitshalo ezintsha. Eqinisweni, le nto iyadingeka kuma-currants unyaka wonke, kepha ama-fertilis aqukethe i-phosphorus ancibilika kancane futhi amunca izimpande. Kwethulwe ekwindla, kancane kancane baguquka babe yifomu elitholakala kuma-currants futhi izosetshenziswa yisitshalo kusuka entwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kwesizini ezayo.
Ividiyo: ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium ekwindla
Ngo-ekwindla, njengokugqoka okuphezulu, nikeza ama-currant isipuni esisodwa se-potassium sulfate ne-superphosphate esihlahleni ngasinye. Umanyolo usebenza ngokushesha endaweni yezimpande. Ukuze wenze lokhu:
- Lapho uzungeza isihlahla, ukuhlehla kancane ukuze ungathinti izimpande, bamba isiza esiyi-30 cm ukujula noma bambe ngokufana nesihlahla ezinhlangothini zombili.
- Uma umhlabathi womile, chitha i-groove kahle ngamanzi (amabhakede ama-2-3).
- Fafaza zombili izinhlobo zomanyolo ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu komphezulu omanzi.
Galela Umanyolo ngokulinganayo emhlabathini oswakeme
- Linganisa i-groove.
Ungasebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wesitshalo se-berry obhalwe ukuthi "ekwindla" noma "ekwindla". Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, funda ukwakheka - i-nitrogen akufanele ibe khona nhlobo noma kungenzeka ukuthi ibekhona ekugxilweni okuphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-phosphorus ne-potassium.
Yenza konke ukugqoka ezimpandeni kuphela emhlabathini omanzi, ukuhlanganisele nokunisela, noma ukufaka emva kwemvula.
Igalari yezithombe: indlela yokondla ama-currants ekwindla
- I-Superphosphate iqukethe i-phosphorus
- Umanyolo wePotassium akufanele ube ne-chlorine
- Ekhompyutheni yomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi kukhonjiswa ukuthi yiziphi izilimo ezenzelwe zona, futhi kukhona inothi elithi “ekwindla”
- Umanyolo wasekwindla we-Universal ofanele zonke izitshalo
- Ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo eyaziwa kakhulu iForte neFertik ekwindla kukhiqizwa nakho.
Umanyolo we-currant entwasahlobo
Ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa, i-currant idinga umsoco othuthukisiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, udinga ikakhulukazi:
- i-nitrogen - ukwakheka kwamahlumela amakhulu futhi aqinile, ukwanda kwamaqabunga;
- potassium - zezimbali nezithelo.
Ukufaka umquba kuma-currants, ungakhetha enye yezinketho zokondla:
- Spread ibhakede le-humus noma umquba kanye nengilazi yezinkuni zomlotha ngokulinganayo phezu kombuthano oseduze, ufafaze nomhlaba.
- Fafaza 1 tbsp ngaphansi kwesihlahla. l i-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate ne-1 tbsp. l potassium sulfate, hlanganisa nomhlaba ongaphezulu. Ungahlikihla lamanyolo ebhakedeni lamanzi bese ugqoka uketshezi oluphezulu. Uma Umanyolo we-potassium usuvele usetshenzisiwe ekwindla, khona-ke i-potassium sulfate ayidingekile.
Umanyolo wamaminerali ungachithwa emanzini ukusheshisa ukufakwa kwezakhi zomzimba.
- Thenga imisele yenkukhu eyomile noma ukukhishwa komquba wamahhashi esitolo, lungisa isisombululo ngokuya ngemiyalo esephaketheni.
- Dilitha imfucuza entsha ngamanzi 1:20, umquba - 1: 10 (ngaphambi kokunisela, ikhambi lidinga ukuvundiswa izinsuku ezingama-5-7).
- Sebenzisa ukugqoka okuphezulu okubanzi kwezihlahlana ze-berry eziqukethe konke ama-macro nama-micronutrients adingekayo. Funda imiyalo, uqiniseke ukuthi umanyolo ulungele ukusetshenziswa kwentwasahlobo.
Igalari yezithombe: indlela yokondla ama-currants entwasahlobo
- Ezitolo ezikhethekile bathengisa ngokudonsela phansi kobumba - kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa.
- Ukufakwa komquba wamahhashi akunawo iphunga elishiwoyo, lisetshenziselwa nezitshalo zasendlini
- I-Urea yaziwa kakhulu kubalimi abaningi njengesithako esingahlawulwanga se-nitrogen yokugqoka kwentwasahlobo.
- Umanyolo wohlobo lwe-Agricola kudala wakuthola ukuthembela kwabalimi
- Umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wamanzi uqukethe zonke izinto ezidingekayo ezitshalweni ze-berry
- Ukufaka umanyolo ama-currants, ungasebenzisa wonke umanyolo ohloselwe izitshalo ezingama-berry nezithelo, kubandakanya nokulungiswa kwe-Agrovita
Isici sayo yonke ukugqoka okuphezulu kwentwasahlobo kungukuqukethwe kwe-nitrogen ephezulu ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye izinto. Entwasahlobo, faka umanyolo owuketshezi ngendlela efanayo nasekwindla, okungukuthi, ungene endaweni enomanzi.
Ungeqi umthamo womanyolo obalulwe kwimiyalo, ngoba ukweqisa kwanoma iyiphi into kuyingozi kakhulu kunokuntuleka kwayo. Usawoti ongafakwanga unqwabelana enhlabathini futhi ubangele ukushiswa kwezimpande. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-nitrogen kuphumela ezingeni elikhuphukile le-nitrate kumajikijolo.
Isengezo seMicronutrient
Izinto ezilandelwayo zezitshalo zibalulekile njengamavithamini kithi. Ngaphandle kokudla okuyisisekelo (i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium), azisebenzi. Kepha uma i-currant ithola umanyolo obaluleke kakhulu kuyo ngokugcwele, lezi zinto ziyakwazi:
- khuphula umkhiqizo;
- thinta usayizi nokunambitheka kwamajikijolo;
- khuphula ukungatheleleki;
- babhekane nezimo ezahlukahlukene ezicindezelayo, njengokuhlaselwa yizinambuzane, isomiso, isimo sezulu esihlala isikhathi eside, iqhwa, ukugawula, njll.
Ithebhulethi: Imithombo esemqoka yezinto ezilandelwayo zokulandela umkhondo ama-currants
| Igama | Izici Key | Indlela yokusebenzisa |
| Umlotha wezinkuni |
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| I-Boric acid | Ukulungiswa kuqukethe i-microelement ebaluleke kakhulu yezitshalo - i-boron. | Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokudla nge-boron isikhathi sezimbali sama-currants. Faka u-3 g wamakristalu e-boric acid ebhakedeni lamanzi bese ufafaza izimbali ngqo. |
| Ama-microfertilizer akhethekile ahlanganisiwe | Ingxube yezinto ezilinganiselayo efomini efinyeleleka kalula kuzitshalo |
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Umanyolo ngamunye unemvamisa yawo yokwelashwa nemvamisa. Ama-Microfertilizer ezitshalo ze-berry athengiswa ngaphansi kwemikhiqizo: I-Engengen Extra, i-AquaMix, i-Oracle, i-Novosil, njll.
Igalari yezithombe: amalungiselelo wokudla okwengeziwe
- Manje awukwazi ukuthola umlotha kuphela esitofini, kodwa futhi uthenge esitolo
- I-Boric acid iyathengiswa emakhemisi nakubalimi
- I-Novosil ayikhulisi kuphela ukukhula futhi ikhulisa umkhiqizo, kepha futhi ivikela nezitshalo ezifweni
- I-Energen Extra isheshisa ukuvuthwa, inyusa okuqukethwe kwamavithamini kumajikijolo, ikhulisa umkhiqizo ngo-30- 40%
- I-Realkom isiza ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-nitrate kuzithelo namajikijolo ngesigamu
Ubhatata ubhekisisa ama-currants
Phakathi kwabalimi, sekuyimfashini ukusebenzisa ikhasi lamazambane njengamanyolo. Njengomthetho, abalimi baqoqana ikhasi ubusika bonke, bome noma bome. Baqhubeka bemba ukuhlanza amasiko ahlukene, kepha ukwahlulela ngokubona okuningi, kuyinto emnyama kakhulu ephendula kakhulu ekugqokeni okunjalo okuphezulu.
Ku-ikhasi lamazambane esivame ukusilahla, kukhona ama-macro- amakhulu kanye nama-microelements ahlukahlukene, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, isitashi, esiqhekeza ushukela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto ze-nitrogenous kuyaphawuleka ekuhlanzweni. Kuyadingeka ukuletha lo manyolo wasekhaya entwasahlobo, njengokugqokwa okukhulu okuphezulu.
I-amazambane ikhasi esilijikijela lingasebenza njengokudla okulungile kuma-currants
Enye indlela yokusebenzisa ikhasi lamazambane:
- Ngaphambi kokuthi uqiniseke ukuthi ugcwalisa i-peel ngamanzi abilayo. Ngale ndlela, wenza i-ejenti ye-causative ye-sekwephuze ukulimala, isibazi kanye nezinye izifo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke amehlo azokufa ngenxa yokubuna (okusho ukuthi ngaphansi kwesihlahla sakho sokutshala izitshalo zamazambane ngeke zikhule).
- Njengasezindabeni ezedlule, eduze kwesihlahla udinga ukumba isiza esiyi-30 cm ngokujulile.
- Phansi, beka ubhatata amazambane oswakanyiswe ngamanzi, ungqimba olungama-5 cm.
Phansi kwe-groove elungiselelwe, usakaze izimbiza zamazambane ezanyiswe ngamanzi
- Mboza inhlabathi ngokuhlanza (amasentimitha ayi-10) bese ufafaza ingilazi yomlotha wezinkuni ngaphezulu.
- Gcwalisa i-groove ngaphandle kokuxuba noma yini.
I-Ash izogcwalisa ukugqoka kwe-organic ngama-microelements, kepha akufanele uyixube nokuhlanza. I-nitrogen, etholakala ekuhlanzeni, lapho isebenzisana ne-alkali (umlotha) iphenduka i-ammonia futhi iguquguquke. Kulokhu, ukugqoka okuphezulu kuzoba kungasebenzi. Inketho enhle ukwenza umlotha ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ngemuva kokugqoka okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen.
Ividiyo: uvuna futhi usebenzise kanjani amazambane wamazambane
Uma umlimi azi kahle izigaba zokukhula kanye nezithelo ze-currants, khona-ke akunzima ukukhetha. Entwasahlobo, isitshalo sidinga umanyolo we-nitrogen, ekwindla - i-phosphate. IPotassium ingafakwa kathathu ngesizini, kepha umthamo ngesihlahla ngasinye (1 tbsp. L) Udinga ukuhlukaniswa izingxenye ezintathu. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Micronutrient, noma kungadingeki, kepha ukusetshenziswa kwayo kunomthelela omuhle esimweni sezihlahla ezi-currant, ngakhoke ekukhiqizweni.
