IDatura isitshalo esinesimilo esibonakalayo. Izimbali zayo ezinkulu ezinhle ngesimo samapayipi zihewula ngobuhle bazo. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi besitshalo abusabisi abalimi abaningi. Umlando we-Datura mude kakhulu, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ngqo ukuthi izwe lakubo likuphi. Kwinganekwane namasiko abantu bamazwekazi ahlukene, utshani be-dura, idura, amacilongo engelosi, i-henbane, imbali yenyanga noma utshani bukaSathane. Lesi sitshalo sasebenzisa ama-shamans ukuxhumana nemimoya nabelaphi ukuqeda izifo ezimbi. Kungasebenza njengembali kanye nomhlobiso omuhle kakhulu wesimo sendawo. Ngokulandela izinyathelo, ungakhulisa kalula intambo engadini yakho.
Incazelo yezitshalo
IDatura iyi-evergreen evergreen perennial. Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezifundeni ezishisayo nezindawo eziphansi, ezikhetha i-steppe noma indawo enezintaba. Esimweni sezulu esiphakeme esikhulu, iDatura ikhula njengesitshalo sonyaka. Lesi sitshalo sinezakha iziqu noma indawo yokuhlala. Ubude behlumela bungaba ngamasentimitha angama-50-120. Londliwa ngethambo elide lenduku, lipendiwe ngombala omhlophe noma ukhilimu.
Isiqu sobhavu, esingenalutho simbozwa ngaphandle ngegreen green emnyama noma obomvu obomvu. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, isisekelo sivumelekile futhi sithole umbala obomvu onsundu. Esiqwini, kusungulwa izinqubo ezilandelanayo ezinamaqabunga amakhulu ahlanganisiwe noma agqamile. Ngamunye ukhula ku-petiole ende. Amahlamvu aluhlaza omnyama abekwe eceleni. Ubude beshadi lephepha bungamasentimitha ayi-15 kanti ububanzi bungama-10 cm. Ingaphezulu lephepha lesikhumba eliminyene libushelelezi, kusukela phansi lidwetshwe ngemibala elula. Eceleni kwethambo eliphakathi kukhona umucu okhanyayo.
Kusukela ngoJuni kuye kufriji bokuqala, iDatura ijabulisa ngezimbali ezinhle ezinhle. Ama-single buds akhiwa kuma-axils amaqabunga noma kumfoloko yeziqu. Ubude bendwangu, obuhlanganisa imikhakha emihlanu, bungafinyelela ku-25 cm, kepha buvame ukulingana namasentimitha ayi-10. Izimbali zidwetshwe ngombala omhlophe, ophuzi, opinki, o-lilac noma onsomi. Bangaba nesakhiwo esilula sentsimbi ngezinsimbi ezihlanganisiwe, noma isakhiwo esinzima somoya. Izimbali zezinye izinhlobo zinephunga, kanti ezinye zikhipha iphunga elimnandi kakhulu. IDatura iyimbali yasebusuku; amaqabunga ayo avulekile ekushoneni kwelanga futhi avalwe ekuseni. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kungabonakala phakathi nesikhathi sasemini esinamafu.
Izithelo zingamakhompiyutha amakhulu embewu. Zimbozwe ngesikhumba esimnyama esimnyama esinama-spikes amade. Ngaphakathi, i-raft ihlukaniswe izingcezu ezi-4, eziqukethe imbewu emnyama eyindilinga noma eyenziwe yinso izinso 3-3.5 mm ubude. Ukuthatha izithelo kuqala ngoJulayi.
Izinhlobo zeDatura
I-Datura genus imelwe yizinhlobo eziyi-13. Ngokwesiko, ezi-3 zazo zivame ukusetshenziswa.
I-Datura ejwayelekile. Isitshalo esiphilayo, esivame emazweni amaningi sibhekwa njengokhula, sikhula sibe ngamamitha ayi-1,2. Isiqu esakhiwe ngotshani simbozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu asikiwe. Isihlahla sakha izimbali ezimbalwa. Kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, imbozwe ama-corollas amhlophe amhlophe kuze kube ngu-10 cm.I-tatula ehlukahlukene engadini yokuhlobisa ingathokozisa abalimi ngama-funnels aluhlaza okotshani.
Datura Native American. Isitshalo esinoshevu kakhulu ngamahlamvu ama-ovoid aluhlaza grey. Izimbali zimhlophe, zilula noma zimbili, ubude obungu-10-12 cm. Izinhlobo zazisetshenziswa izakhamizi zaseCentral naseNyakatho Melika njenge-hallucinogenic and lullative.
Datura indian. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengokuhlobisa kakhulu. Ngokuvamile kutholakala kusiko. Izitshalo zakha izihlahla ezihlotshisiwe ezingamamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama. Amaqabunga amakhulu ezihlahleni ezinde anomumo oblong futhi anombala oluhlaza okotshani. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Ballerina - izimbali zetrys ezivela emigqeni eminingana yama-funnels afakwe umbala onsomi okhanyayo noma ophuzi;
- IMedea - ichaza izimbali ezilula zeqhwa elimhlophe eli-15-20 cm.
- UFlore Pleno - izimbali ezinsomi onsomi, embozwe ngamahlamvu amhlophe.
Izindlela zokuzala
IDatura, etshalwa ngesimo sonyaka, isatshalaliswa ngembewu. Ukuze uthole izitshalo eziqhakaza izimbali ngokushesha, okokuqala kutshalwa ezitshalweni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imbewu eqoqwe ehlobo eledlule isomile futhi igcinwe endaweni epholile esikhwameni sephepha. NgoFebhuwari, imbewu ifakwa izinsuku ezingama-1-2 emanzini afudumele, bese itshalwa ezitsheni ezinesihlabathi nomhlaba we-peat kuze kube ngu-5 mm. Ngesikhathi sokuhluma, iziqukathi zigcinwa emazingeni okushisa ayi-15 ° C. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamaviki angama-2-3. Lapho amaqabunga amabili wangempela aqhakaza ezitshalweni, adonswa ezimbizeni ezihlukile noma izinkomishi zokulahlwa. Izithombo zikhulele egumbini elinokukhanya okugqamile, okuhlakazekile ngamazinga okushisa we-18 ... + 20 ° C. Kufanele iniselwe ngokulingana, kepha njalo. Izitshalo ezivela ukuphakama okungu-15 cm zitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ezifundeni ezingaseningizimu, ungahlwanyela u-dope ngokushesha emhlabathini ovulekile. Lokhu bakwenza ekupheleni kukaMeyi, lapho inhlabathi ifudumala ngokwanele kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi iqhwa libuyele ngokuphelele. Imbewu itshalwe izimbobo ebangeni elingamasentimitha angama-30-50 ukusuka komunye nomunye, kuya ekujuleni kuka-5 cm. Ukungena kuvela kancane. Izitshalo esezikhulile zaklanywa ngaphandle, zigcina ibanga elingaba imitha eli-1. Izimbali kulindeleke ukuthi zidlule amasonto ama-3-4 ngemuva kokuvela.
Ekwindla, ukusikeka kungasuswa esihlahleni somuntu esidala. Amahlumela apical acishe abe ngu-10 cm ubude asikiwe futhi agxilile enhlabathini engadini ngokufakwa kwe-moss. Kunconywa ukucubungula usike olungezansi ngeKornevin. Ubusika, izithombo zilethwa egumbini, futhi entwasahlobo zidluliselwa emhlabathini ovulekile noma zikhule ngamabhubhu amakhulu.
Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo
IDatura ingabizwa ngokuthi isitshalo esingenakuzithoba, kepha eminye imithetho yokunakekelwa kufanele ibonwe. Izithombo zitshalwa emhlabathini ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Phakathi kwezitshalo, ibanga eli-1 m liyadingeka, ngoba endaweni enyinyekile i-dura iyakhula kahle. Lapho utshala, kubalulekile ukugcina inhlama yobumba, ngoba i-rhizome ilinyazwa kalula.
Indawo ebanjwayo kufanele ibe yilanga, yomile futhi izolile (ama-stubs aqhekeka kalula kwizimbambo eziqinile). Inhlabathi kumele ibe yinomsoco futhi ixege. Inhlabathi enokusabela okungathathi hlangothi noma i-alkaline kufanelekile, isikhunta sengezwa kunhlabathi ene-acidic ngaphambi kokutshala.
UDatura uthanda ukuthambisa ejwayelekile. Amaqabunga ayo amakhulu avele umswakama omningi. Ngokuchelela okunganele, ngokushesha babuna bese belahlekelwa yi-turgor. Ekushiseni kwehlobo, lesi sitshalo siniselwa nsuku zonke noma okungenani zonke ezinye izinsuku. Kulokhu, amanzi akufanele neze aqine ezimpandeni. Ukuze kulondolozwe ukuhlotshiswa kwamaqabunga, ukufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi ahlanzekile kuyadingeka.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuqhakaza, iDatura idinga kakhulu ukondleka. Umanyolo usetshenziswa izikhathi ezi-2-4 ngenyanga. Ukondla lesi sitshalo esikhula ngokushesha cishe akunakwenzeka. Izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe zamaminerali ne-organic zifaka isandla enhlabathini. Ukwenza izimbali zibe ziningi, i-dura iyaniselwa ngamanzi alukhuni. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ungawunisela ngobisi luk lime. Ukuntuleka ukuthambisa nomanyolo kungaholela ekunciphiseni kwezimbali noma ekuchithekeni okugcwele kwamahlamvu aluhlaza.
Ukuze engxenyeni engezansi yezithombo ingadalulwa futhi isihlahla sigcina ukuhlobisa, kufanele kusikwe. Njengomphumela wokutshala, kwakheka imibala eminingi. Inqubo yenziwa ngasekupheleni kwezimbali noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Uma izitshalo zikhule njengezitshalo zasendle endle, ekwindla sekwephuzile wonke amahlumela asuselwa emhlabathini. Entwasahlobo, kutshalwa izithombo ezintsha.
Maphakathi neRussia, endaweni evulekile, iDatura ayibusika. Kumahlahla amahle ahlushwe iqhwa, kufanele akhule kumashubhu. Noma njalo ngonyaka ekwindla ukufakelwa kusuka emhlabathini ovulekile ungene emabhodweni ajulile. Izitshalo azikwazi ukubekezelela ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa kuya ku- + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Ebusika, i-Datura kufanele igcinwe ku + 10 ... + 12 ° C. Ekamelweni elishisayo, iziqu zizolula ziveze ngisho nangaphezulu. Iyinkcenkceshelwa kakhulu. Ukukhanyisa kungaba ngokulinganiselayo. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, izihlahla ziyatshalwa bese ziyiswa kumagumbi alula futhi afudumele.
IDatura ayamelana nezifo, kepha ukubola okungwevu kungakhula emasimini aminyene kakhulu. Izinambuzane zimthelela kakhulu. Kuphela kungukwephula ubuchwepheshe bezolimo emqheleni lapho izimbuzane ezibomvu, izimila, izimbungulu, izimbungulu kanye nezimbungulu zehlathi kungazilungisa. Ukwelapha izinambuzane kusiza ngokumelana namagciwane.
Datura engadini
Ngenxa yokuqhakaza kwezimbali ezinde neziningi, kanye nama-corollas amakhulu angajwayelekile, i-Datura iyisivakashi esimukelekile kunoma iyiphi ingadi. Isetjenziswa emideni yokuxuba, imibhede yezimbali nokutshala okukodwa. Izinhlobo ezinamakha ngeke zisebenze nje njengomhlobiso obonakalayo, kepha futhi zifihla iphunga elingathandeki elivela kwinqwaba yomquba. Izinqubo ezilandelanayo ziwa phansi, zakha isihlahla esivulekile. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukukhawula ukufinyelela kwesitshalo sezingane nezilwane.
Utshani emithini
I-Datura isitshalo esinobuthi, i-hallucinogenic. Ijusi layo liqukethe ama-alkaloid, ikakhulukazi i-atropine ne-scopolamine, kanye nama-tannins, amafutha, carotene kanye namafutha abalulekile. Inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto zokulandela umkhondo liyingxenye yembewu. Ngaphansi kwethonya lezingxenye zedope, umuntu uhlangabezana nokukhishwa inyumbazane, i-amnesia, ukungakhululeki kwengqondo futhi alahlekelwe ukusebenzisana. Isenzo singathatha amahora ambalwa. Nge-overdose, izinqubo ezingenakuguqulwa ebuchosheni nazo zingenzeka.
Kubo bonke ubungozi bayo, i-Datura ayisetshenziswa kuphela kwezokwelapha zendabuko kanye nemikhuba yenkolo, kepha futhi nasekhemisi. Njengoba wazi, ubuthi abaningi ngamanani amancane basebenza njengomuthi. Ngosizo lwezidakamizwa eziqukethe i-datura ekhishwa, balwa nezifo ezilandelayo:
- i-rheumatism;
- i-tachycardia;
- izihlakala;
- cholecystitis;
- i-bronchitis;
- isifuba somoya;
- i-neuralgia;
- ukugula kokunyakaza.
Umuthi wendabuko usebenzisa ama-decoctions kanye ne-tinctures nge-Datura ukudambisa ukungezwani kwemizwa, ukuphumula izicubu, ukunciphisa ukukhwehlela, i-asthma kanye nokunciphisa ukubanjwa kwemizimba. I-Dope futhi iphatha ama-tumbo ama-crumb, i-peptic ulcer futhi isetshenziselwa ukuvimbela i-thrombosis. Amahlamvu avunwa ekuqaleni kwezimbali. Zomile emoyeni omusha ngaphansi kwe-canopy. Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezomile ziba yimpuphu futhi zigcinwe ezikhwameni zamaphepha unyaka. Izimpande zingavunwa unyaka wonke.
Ukusetshenziswa okwaziwayo embonini yezimonyo kawoyela ophilayo kusuka emaqabungeni nasezimpandeni zeDatura. Ngokuhlikihla njalo esikhunjeni, izinwele ziba mncane futhi zikhule kancane, futhi ekugcineni zinyamalale ngokuphelele.
IDatura isetshenziswa futhi ekuthengiseni izilwane. Amahlamvu amasha afakwa ekudleni kwengulube ukusheshisa ukwakheka kwamafutha. Ukulungiswa kwamakhambi kusiza ekwehliseni ogaxekile bezinkomo.
Ukuphepha kokuphepha
Naphezu kwazo zonke izakhiwo ezinhle, i-Datura ihlala ingenye yezitshalo ezinobuthi emhlabeni. Izimpawu zokweqisa ngokweqile yilezi:
- abafundi abahlisiwe;
- ukukhuphuka kwenhliziyo;
- ubomvu besikhumba;
- ukuhlaselwa ikhanda;
- ulwelwesi lwe-mucous olomile.
Uma kutholakala izimpawu ezinjalo, hlamba ngokushesha isisu, thatha imishanguzo yokuya esibhedlela.
