U-Hoya - ukunakekelwa nokukhiqizwa ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe

Hoya - isitshalo esingumdabu somdabu waseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, ikhula eNdiya, iziqhingi zasePolynesia, izwekazi lase-Australia. Igama elijwayelekile yi-wax ivy.

Imbali eshisayo yase Hoya ingekaLastovny (Swallow) ongaphansi komhlaba. Ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, kwenzeka ngokwemvelo ngesimo semivini enotshani, ama-epiphytes nezihlahlana.

Izici ezihlukanisayo zesitshalo se-hoya esiluhlaza njalo ngamaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza (i-pubescent, engenabala) kanye nama-inflorescences ama-inflorescence ambobo obomvana abomvana (pink, white, yellow, maroon).

Umvini okhuphukayo ungafinyelela kubude obungu-2-10 m, ukuphakama kwezihlahla awudluli ku-60 cm. I-perennial ibonakala ngamanani wokukhula aphakathi kuka-20-30 cm ngonyaka.

Izici eziwusizo

Isitshalo sokwelapha:

• Isiza ukuqeda ukuphazamiseka kwemizwa, i-ikhanda migraines, izifo zesikhumba ezingamahlalakhona (furunculosis, carbunculosis).
• iphunga le-inflorescence yesitshalo libhekwa njenge-aphrodisiac.

Ngokusho kwezinkolelo-ze, iNoua iyi-vampire yamandla, isitshalo esabhaliswa eqenjini "labesilisa" abaluhlaza. Abathandi bezimbali, bancishwe ubandlululo, babheka i-hoya njengesiqinisekiso senhlala-kahle yomndeni, uthando lwendlu ngenxa yomona.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane

I-trop hoya ekulimeni kwasekhaya ayizethembisi. Kepha, ngisho nezimpahla ezingakheki ezindlini zidinga ukunakekelwa okufanele. Izindlela eziphambili zokuqukethwe kwalo zimi ngokulandelayo:

Ukunakekelwa kukaHoya ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Imbali eshisayo engenasizotha izosiza ukuvuselela lo greenhouse, igcwalise ngemifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuqhakaza okufudumele, kuhlobise ingaphakathi lendlu.

Ngezansi izincomo ezizosiza abalimi ukuthi bakhule isitshalo esihle futhi badale izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula kwaso, eduze kwemvelo.

Izimbali

UHora uvumelana ngokushesha ekhaya. Le mbali ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi kuyaqabukela ukuqhakaza, kunalokho, ayithi qithi ekwakhekeni kwama-inflorescences. Ngesizini eyodwa, isitshalo esisodwa singaphonsa sisuka komunye kuya kwamakhulu amahlanu.

Izambulela ezinombala ogqamile nezinemibala eminingi evela kuzimbali ezinamaphayiphu amahlanu afana no-asterisks ubukhulu zingafinyelela ku-8-11 cm. Isihlahla esisodwa singaba nezimbali ezingaba ngu-7-50, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi singaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwama-200 amagremu. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwamahlamvu amakhulu nobunzima obukhulu, akunconywa ukuba uhlelele kabusha isitshalo ngezikhathi zezimbali.

Ezimbali hoyi I-Nectar iqongelela inani elikhulu, elimboza amacembe. Lokhu kudala umphumela wokuhlanganisa izimbali nge-wax, ngokukhanyayo, ukuqhakaza okuqhakaza.

Izimbali zihlala izinyanga ezimbalwa (3-4), ziyaphikelela futhi zinamakha. Ihlamvu eliqhakazayo lijabulisa iso amasonto amathathu, emva kwalokho liwele, bese kumiswa elinye endaweni yalo. Iphunga elihlukile lomucu linokunambitheka okumnandi, ngenani elikhulu lama-inflorescence iphunga lingase lihlehle futhi lidakise.

Imodi yokushisa

UKhoya wasekhaya une-thermophilic. Ayikubekezeleli okubhaliwe kanye nezinguquko ezingazelelwe zokushisa egumbini. Izinga lokushisa lomoya elijabulisayo lokukhula kwale imbali + 24 ° C. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, esiba phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, kungcono ukugcina i-hoya isendaweni epholile ngamazinga okushisa we-10-16 ° С. Ukuphakama okuphakathi kokubusa kokushisa yi-+15 - 20 ° С.

Naphezu kwemvelaphi yezimbali ezishisayo ne-thermophilicity yayo, isabela kahle ekushiseni. Ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini ezivame ukumelana nokushisa, kunengqondo ukuvikela imbali ingashisi ngokweqile elangeni, kwesinye isikhathi kube nomthunzi.

Ukunisela nokufafaza

Isigaba esisebenzayo sokukhula nokuqhakaza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kufanele sihambisane nokunisela okuningana kwesitshalo.

• Ukuvama komswakama wenhlabathi akufanele kudlule kanye ngesonto.
• Ukuchelela okulandelayo kuyadingeka ekujuleni okuomile okungama-2-3 cm wezendlalelo ezingenhla zokutshala inhlabathi.
• Nisela isitshalo ngamanzi athambele kahle emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.

Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya egumbini liba ngaphezu kwe-24 ° C, imbali idinga ukufakwa kabusha okuthe xaxa ngomswakama.

• Ukugcwalisa ukusilela kwayo, kusetshenziswa amaphallet wamanzi, kusetshenziswa iziqu zasendlini eziphumelelayo zasendlini.
• Ukusiza isitshalo ukubhekana nokuntuleka komswakama, ungasebenzisa futhi ukugeza amahlamvu.

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqaphele: amahlamvu esihlahla sasemanzini abekezelela kahle amanzi lapho efafazwa futhi egezwa, ngakho-ke, lezi zinqubo zokunakekela i-hoya kumele zenziwe ngokucophelela.

Isibani

Isibani esikhanyayo esihle sithanda ukuqhakaza okuningana kwe-hoya, umthunzi usiza ukuvikela amahlamvu ekushisweni. Ngokusekelwe kulezi zici zesitshalo, kufanele ukhethe phakathi kwesifiso sokujabulela ukwakheka okuningana kwama-buds noma amahlamvu anamabala namanzi amakhulu.

Indawo entofontofo kunazo zonke endlini ihlangothini eliseningizimu-nasempumalanga. Ungakhula isitshalo se-ampel emthunzini, kepha izinga lokukhula kuleli cala lizokwehliswa kakhulu.

Ehlobo, ungakha izimo zemvelo zokuqhakaza - zikhiphe umgwaqo ziyibeka endaweni evikelwe ukukhanya kwelanga - eduze nezihlahlana noma izihlahla ezinomqhele omnyama kakhulu.

Ungasusa kanjani uthuli

Amaqabunga amaningi e-wax we-hoya ungumqoqi omuhle kakhulu wothuli. Ukuhlanza ngezikhathi ezithile kwamahlamvu asezandleni ezishisayo kuyadingeka. Amaqabunga imbali angasulwa ngemisipha emanzi eyenziwe ngendwangu yemvelo noma igezwe eshawini. Inqubo inconywa ukuthi yenziwe kanye ngenyanga.

Imbiza

Indoor imbali hoya itshalwa ezimbizeni ezinkulu nezincane ezenziwe ngopulasitiki noma ubumba olunezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.

• Uma umgomo oyinhloko lapho kukhula imbali izimbali eziningi, udinga ukukhetha ibhodwe eliseduze. Umthamo osayizi omncane uvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwempande, oluvumela isitshalo ukuthi sichithe wonke umsoco owutholile ekwakhekeni kwama-buds, hhayi ekwakheni amahlumela amasha.
• Uma i-hoya ithakazelisa ngokwengeziwe njengomvini wokugibela oluhlaza ongapheli, imbiza ebanzi (iziqukathi) yisinqumo esifanele lapho utshala futhi udlulisa isitshalo.

Inhlabathi

U-Hoya wamukela izingxenyana ezincane zokuphefumula. Ngokutshala noma ukudlulisa imbali, ungathenga ingxube eyenziwe ngomumo noma uyipheke ngokwakho. Lapho ukhetha, kufanele kukhethwe inhlabathi ene-acidic nengathathi hlangothi. Ukwakheka kungahluka:

• i-turf + leaf land + peat + isihlabathi + humus (1/2/1/1/1);
• i-peat + perlite + i-bark yesihlahla + kakhukhunathi (1/1/1/1);
• umhlaba wegadi + perlite + vermiculite + moss (2/1/1/1/1).

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Izakhi ezengeziwe zidinga isigaba esisebenzayo sokukhula nokuqhakaza.

• Umanyolo olinganiselwe wamaminerali (i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, i-magnesium) usetshenziselwa inhlabathi ngokuvumelana okungamanzi.
• Akunakwenzeka ukunisela uhlelo lwezimpande ngama-complements wezakhi. Ingxube elungiselelwe ithululelwa ebhodweni, kulandela onqenqemeni lwezimbambo.
• Lapho wenza ukugqoka okungaphezulu, kuyadingeka ukulandela imiyalo yabakhiqizi bomanyolo bezitshalo zasendlini, abatshali bezimbali abanolwazi banikela ngesigamu somthamo obekiwe.

Ukufakelwa

UHoya udluliselwa entwasahlobo kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu, uma kukhulunywa ngesitshalo esinempilo. Amasampula amasha atshalwa minyaka yonke. Kudingeka ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kwesitshalo ezimweni zokutheleleka kwezifo zaso kanye nezizathu ezingaziwa zokufiswa kwaso.

Inqubo yokufakelwa iqukethe izinyathelo eziningana:

• ukukhethwa kwembiza yezimbali;
• ukugcwalisa ithangi ngamanzi;
• ukukhipha isitshalo ebhodweni elidala;
• ukuhlola kohlelo lwezimpande;
• ukubeka isitshalo ebhodweni elisha;
• ukugcwalisa ithangi ngenhlabathi entsha;
• ukuchelela izitshalo.

Isilinganiso somhlabathi nokudonsa (3/1).

Ungatshala kanjani

Ekususeni noma ekuthengeni amahlumela, isitshalo sidinga:

• lapho kulinyazwa izifo kanye nezinambuzane;
• ngokukhula ngokweqile.

Ukuze ufinyeze futhi ususe amahlumela, sebenzisa ama-secateurs. Izingcezu zenziwa phakathi kwezicubu zesiga. Amahlumela obekubekwe kuwo ama-buds awekho ngaphansi kokususwa. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza esilandelayo, ama-inflorescence amasha azokwakha kuwo.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Ukulondolozwa okufanele kweNoua ngesikhathi sokudiliza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuqinisekisa ukuqhakaza kwayo okugcwele. Ebusika, isitshalo asihlanganisi, asidlulisi, sinciphise imvamisa yokunisela kwaso, sinikeze umbuso wokushisa ongeqi ku-16 ° C.

Kungenzeka ukushiya i-hoya ngaphandle kokunakekelwa

Uma zonke izimo zokuboshwa zihlangatshezwa, khona-ke imbali yezimbali ebukeka kahle ingahle ishiywe ngokuphephile endaweni enamasonto amaningi, ngemuva kokuyinisela, ukuyifaka umquba futhi iqinisekise ukugcinwa komswakama ebhodweni, kufafaze ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi ngodaka olunwebekile olunwebekile.

Ukuzalela uHoya

Usebenzisa ukusika nokubeka, ungathola amasampula angeziwe eNoua ekhaya.

Ukusakazwa kukaH Hoya ngokusikwa

Izilimo ziyasebenza phakathi entwasahlobo noma ekwindla kokuqala. Izinhlobo ezisikiwe kufanele zibe namaqabunga amane okungenani. Izicucu zesiqu zenziwa amasentimitha ambalwa ngaphansi kwendawo yamaqabunga.

Lapho ukusikwa okulungiselelwe, kufanele wenze izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• vuselela ukwakheka kwezimpande zokusika ngokuzibamba okungenani amahora angama-24 kusixazululo sezimpande;
• khetha isisekelo se-rooting (amanzi, isihlabathi, umugqa womhlabathi);
• beka ukusika esitsheni ngesisekelo bese uyimboza ngefilimu;
• ahlinzeke umbuso wokushisa egumbini elingaphansi kwe- + 20 ° С;
• emva kwenyanga, faka izihlahla ezisikiwe ebhodweni lezimbali enomhlabathi wezakhi owawulungiselelwe ngaphambili;
• cindezela izihloko amahlumela amancane ukukhuthaza ukuqhakaza.

Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa

Indlela eyenziwe lula kakhulu yokuzala ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo:

• amahlumela imbali bushelelezi ku-arc egobile;
• goba ingaphezulu le-arc ngayinye kwisendlalelo sokuqala somhlabathi bese ufafaza ngenhlabathi;
• kungakapheli amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu, izimpande zakheka engxenyeni yehlumela elifafaziwe;
• ingxenye yesiqu enezimpande ihlukaniswa ama-secateurs bese idluliselwa ebhodweni elihlukile nomhlabathi wezakhi ose ulungiselelwe ngaphambilini.

Ukubeka kungenziwa ngosizo lokumiswa okuncane ngeziqu zezimbali. Lapho izindawo ezinomswakama ezifakiwe (zokushaywa uvalo nge-moss), ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande kwenzeka.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Amandla kaHoya angathinteka yizo zombili izimo nezifo ezingezinhle:

• bola izimpande neziqu - umswakama okweqile, umanyolo owedlulele;
• amaqabunga aphuzi i-hoyi - imodi yokunisela ayibonwa;
• amacembe nama-efihlekile ayabuna - ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesitshalo endaweni entsha, umswakama lapho ukuchelela noma ukufafaza kwehlela kuma-inflorescence;
• ukukhula kancane kweziqu - ukushoda kwenhlabathi yezakhi zomzimba, ukungagcini kokulinganiswa lapho usebenzisa umanyolo;
• amaqabunga aphenduka aluhlaza - ukusetshenziswa okunganele kwamanyolo e-nitrogen;
• umkhondo onsundu emaqabunga - ukuchayeka ngokweqile emisebeni ye-ultraviolet (ukusha);
• amaqabunga hoyi curl futhi yomile - umswakama ophansi, ukuntuleka kokunisela, amazinga okushisa aphezulu egumbini;
• aluqhakaza - ukukhanyisa okunganele, izimo zasebusika azihlangani, amahlumela wezimbali ayanqunywa;
• amacembe awonakele - ukuntuleka komswakama;
• imiphetho yamaqabunga ansundu - ukutheleleka fungal;
• amachashazi amnyama kumaqabunga amadala - ukubonwa kwamagciwane;
• amaqabunga embozwe imbobo emhlophe - Ukwehlulwa kwePowdery.

Zingathinta i-mealybug, i-spider mite, izinambuzane ezilinganayo, ama-mizizi nematodes.

Izinhlobo zasekhaya Hoya ngezithombe namagama

Izinhlobo ze-hoya ezishisayo ziningi. Ngezansi kunencazelo yabamele abahamba phambili bezitshalo zasendlini zohlobo lweNoua.

Meaty hoya, noma i-wax ivy

I-Hoya carnosa - i-liana, ubude bezingqimba ezihlotshisiwe zingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-6. Amaqabunga ombala oluhlaza okotshani okhilimu noma okhilimu ophuzi, okusaqanda, okunamanzi, i-waxy. Izimbali ezimise okwezinkanyezi (ama-20-30 ama-pcs.) Aqoqwe kuma-umbrella inflorescence anemibala emnyama yepinki. Izimbali ezinde (ihlobo-ekwindla).

Hoya muhle

I-Hoya bella isihlahla esincane se-epiphytic esine-curly, sigeleza ngeziqu ezondile. Inamaqabunga amancane amise okombala oluhlaza (3 cm), ama-inflorescence amhlophe anomqhele onsomi (ama-pcs ayisikhombisa.), Aqoqwe ngesihlahla esenziwe ngesambulela. Izimbali eziqinile, ziwe ehlobo.

Intambo ka-Hoya

Hoya lacunosa - epiphyte. Inamahlamvu ama-rhomboid aluhlaza omnyama afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-6. Izimbali zikamazibuko amhlophe (15-20 ama-pc.) Futhi umqhele ophuzi maphakathi nendawo umbozwe ngenqwaba, eqoqwe kusuka kumambulelo wesambulela. Imivimbo yesitshalo iminyene, ungazigcini ngokwayo. Izimbali kuwuphawu kusuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube maphakathi ekwindla.

I-Hoya igeleza ngokweqile

I-Hoya multiflora iyisitshalo esinamahlahla esinamaqabunga angama-wavy waxy anemibala eluhlaza okotshani, ifinyelela kubude obuyi-10-16 cm. Iziqu ezinciphile ezicijile azishisi - ziqonde. Ukhule njengesitshalo se-ampel, ufinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-60-70. Ama-inflorescences aphuzi ngombala ophuzi (aze afike kuma-40 ama-PC.), Ingxenye engezansi yezimbali igobile, izihluma ezakhiwe zakhiwe njengamambulelana. Inephunga elimnandi le-lime ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Ukwakheka kwama-elembu kuhla ekuqaleni kwehlobo, maphakathi nekwindla.

Hoya Kerra

I-Hoya Kerrii ingumvini omkhulu, iziqu zifinyelela kubude bamamitha ayi-2. Inamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza okotshani onomumo obunjwe ngenhliziyo (12 cm ubude, 9 cm ububanzi) neziqu ezondile ezinezimpande eziningi zomoya. Ama-inflorescence mancane, afana nezinkanyezi ezifuywayo, maphakathi kumnyama, amacembe aphansi ayaconsa, egqumeni kunezimbali ezingama-25. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kukhiqiza iphunga le-chlorine. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi kuyabonakala ehlobo.

I-Majya hoya

I-Hoya imperialis ingumvini oneziqu ezinciphile ezilingana nobude obufika kumamitha ayi-8. Amahlamvu amakhulu (cm 20 cm) obude ngendlela enombala oluhlaza okotshani obumnyama, obucwebezelayo. Ama-umbrella inflorescence aqukethe izimbali ezinkulu eziyishumi ze-violet hue, umongo umhlophe. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali, iphunga lezithelo liyakhutshwa. Ama-Budget akhiwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo.

Hoya wase-Australia noma waseNingizimu

I-Hoya australis iyi-liana emamitha ayi-10 enobukhulu obukhulu, amaqabunga e-oblong angama-cm angama-15 ubude. Egqumeni elilodwa lesambulela, kunezimbali ezingafika kweziyishumi zomthunzi omhlophe-opinki noma okhilimu, zishicilela iphunga elimnandi. Iqhakaza ikakhulu ukusuka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuya kuNovemba.

I-Fluffy hoya

I-Hoya pubicalyx - umvini okhuphukayo ongu-7m ubude, onamaqabunga amakhulu we-oblong wax (ubude 14 cm), umbala oluhlaza onamabala esiliva.Kuboniswa ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene yama-inflorescence - ukusuka kukhinki elikhanyayo kuya kumaroon ngisho nemaroon emnyama. I-inflorescence yebhasikithi yakhiwa ngezimbali ezingama-30 ezikhipha iphunga lamafutha. Iqhakaza ehlobo.