Izindlu zezindlu zangaphandle kanye nezici eziphilayo zingase zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye, kodwa imithetho yokutshala kwayo ingalingani. Inqubo eyenziwe kahle ayikusi nje kuphela ukwandisa umkhiqizo wezitshalo, kodwa futhi iwavikela ekuthuthukiseni izifo, futhi ibuye ikhulise impilo yabo. Iziphi izimbali zasendlini ezingcono ukuqoqa ingaphakathi lakho nendlela yokutshala kahle, funda ngezansi.
Imithetho eyisisekelo yokutshala izitshalo zasendlini
Umthetho oyinhloko uphathelene nokukhishwa kwesifo esiphakeme:
- umhlabathi;
- amandla okufika;
- ukutshala izimpande noma imbewu.
Ukuzalanisa, ama-cuttings ka-7-10 cm ukuphakama ngamaphuzu amaningana okukhula afanelekile. Kungcono ukuthenga imbewu eboshwe: impahla enjalo yokutshala iphathwa ngama-disinfectants kanye nama-speed acceleration, okunciphisa isikhathi sokulungiselela ukulungiselela.Uyazi? I-air purifier esebenza kahle kakhulu i-aloe. Lesi sitshalo sikhiqiza umoya omkhulu ebusuku, sithatha i-carbon dioxide, esisiza ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yabakhileyo endlini ngemva kokulala.
Indlela yokutshala izimbali zama-potted ebhodweni
Ngaphambi kokuba utshale isitshalo sekhaya, kuzomele uzijwayele ngemithetho eyisisekelo yokukhetha amachibi, ulungise umhlabathi womhlabathi, futhi uhlele izimo ze-microclimatic.
Ngemuva kokuthola izicucu ezinempilo noma ukuhlukanisa izingane, kudingeka uhlele ibhafu lamahora amabili kusixazululo se-Fitosporin (10 g / 5 l amanzi). I-Cacti itshalwe ngqo emhlabathini, futhi ama-cuttings afakwa emanzini futhi alindele ukwakheka kohlelo lwempande.
Yiziphi izimbiza ezingcono ukutshala
Uma utshala endaweni yokuqala udinga ukuthola amandla afanelekayo. Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwesitshalo, ibhodlela elisha kufanele lihlale libe ngu-2 cm elikhulu kunelokudlula ukuphakama nobubanzi. Kubalulekile futhi ukugxila kubukhulu besimiso sempande: ibanga lika 2-3 cm kufanele ligcinwe kusukela empandeni kuya odongeni nasezantsi ebhodweni. inhlabathi, futhi inkulu kakhulu, bayophinde baqondise wonke amabutho ukuze aqobe izimpande ze-coma yomhlaba futhi athuthukise ubukhulu obuhlaza. Kokubili kuleso sikhomba sokuqala nesesibili kunzima kakhulu ukulinda. Kulezi zitshalo ezincane, iziqukathi ezincane ezinama-5-10 cm ubude nobubanzi buka-5 cm zifanelekile. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu, kungcono ukuthatha iziqukathi ezijwayelekile ze-oblong no-10 cm ubude no-15 kuya ku-30 cm ubude.
Izinto okuvela kuso isitsha kumele zivikele kahle uhlelo lwempande, zibe ipulasitiki, ukuze kuvunyelwe ukukhishwa mahhala kwembali. Izitsha ezenziwe kahle kakhulu ezenziwe nge-plastic. Izimbiza zokugcoba zibukeka zihle, kodwa ehlobo zivutha kakhulu futhi zithwala ngokweqile ebusika. Ngokuphathelene nefomu ofuna ukugxila endaweni yokulima:
- emasimini avuliwe namabhaloni kungcono ukuthatha izimbiza;
- ngokuba indlu / indlu kungcono ukunikeza izintandokazi ezimbizeni neziqukathi ezijwayelekile.
Kubalulekile! Iziqukathi ezibonakalayo kuphela ezifanelekile ze-epiphytes: ngaphandle kwalokho uhlelo lwempande ngeke lukwazi ukubamba iqhaza kwinqubo ye-photosynthesis, futhi isitshalo sizofa.
Ukulungiswa komhlaba
Inhlabathi yezitshalo kufanele ibe:
- umsoco;
- ukuphefumula;
- okuxekethile;
- ukuthwala umswakama
Inketho elula ukuthenga inhlabathi efanelekile, eguqulelwe uhlobo oluthile lwesitshalo, esitolo. Lapho ulungiselela inhlabathi ngokwakho, kufanele ucabangele uhlobo lwezitshalo nezimo zokukhula kwazo. I-Epiphytes idinga ama-substrates ahlanganisa ikakhulukazi emagqabeni esihlahla kanye nokwengezwa kwamalahle namachashaza we-sphagnum. Kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlabathi ezivame ukuvela kusuka:
- umhlabathi we-leaf-sod - ungathathwa eduze kwehlathi;
- i-peat;
- isihlabathi esinamafutha.
Lezi yizici ezintathu eziyinhloko ezixutshwe ku-1: 1: 1 isilinganiso. Ungangeza u-5-10% kubo:- i-perlite;
- i-vermiculite;
- i-sphagnum moss;
- umlotha wokhuni;
- i-foam echotshoziwe.
Ungahlanganisa zonke lezi zakhi noma ukhethe omunye wabo.
Ividiyo: Indlela yokukhetha i-primer yezimbali zasendlini Ukukhipha amagciwane emhlabathini ngezindlela eziningana:
- Ukushisa kuhhavini ekushiseni kuka-100 ° C.
- Sula isixazululo esishisayo somlotha. Amagremu angama-400 omlotha ayengeziwe amalitha angu-10 amanzi, abilisiwe ngamaminithi angu-15, athululela emhlabathini futhi axutshwe.
- Sula isixazululo esishisayo "Furatsilina" - faka ithebhulethi elilodwa nge-100 ml yamanzi abilayo. Ukwakhiwa okufanayo kungenziwa ukucubungulwa kanye nobhodwe.
- Sebenzisa isixazululo esishisayo se-potassium permanganate - 1 g yezinto ezidakamizwa kuthathwa 1 l amanzi abilayo.
- Ukutshala inhlabathi nge "Fitosporin" - 5 g we-powder ichitheka ngo-10 l amanzi, ukuchelela inhlabathi kwenziwa ngesonto ngaphambi kokutshala.
Umswakama womhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele ube phakathi kuka-50-60%. Uma inhlabathi isomile, amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokutshala kufanele aphuze ngamanzi ahlanzekile, izinga lokushisa okungaba ngu-30 ° C.
Ukuqinisekisa izimo ezilungile
I-microclimate enhle ibaluleke kakhulu izitshalo emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo. Kudingeka zivumelane nomhlabathi omusha, futhi izinga lokushisa elincishisiwe noma eliphakeme, kanye nomswakama olungalungile, lingavusa ukubola kwezimpande nokuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-fungal. 
Ukushisa
Ukushisa okuhle kunoma yiziphi izimbali kusuka ku-+18 kuya ku-25 ° С. Uma kuhlelwe ukuhluma imbewu, khona-ke isibonakaliso esiphezulu sihlukahluka ngaphakathi + 25 ... + 30 ° С.
Uyazi? Izimpande ze-ficus zasendle zingafinyelela ubude obungamamitha angu-90. Izimpande ezide kakhulu zitholakala kummeli waseNingizimu Afrika - kuze kufike ku-120 m ngokujula.
Umswakama
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, umswakama womoya kufanele uguquke ngaphakathi kuka-75%.
Ukukhanyisa
Emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, izitshalo zidinga ukuvikelwa okukhanyayo nokukhanya okuphezulu kusukela elangeni eliqondile. Usuku lokukhanya oluhle lwezitshalo ezifuywayo luyihora lama-10-14, kuye ngokuthi imvelaphi yabo. Uma ukuhlwanyela sekuqedile, ukukhanya ekudleni akudingekile. 
Ukutshala isitshalo
Izigaba eziyinhloko zokutshala izihlahla:
- Hlanganisa izimpande zento okutshalwe etholakalayo ngenhlanganisela ye "Fundazol" kanye nohlaka lwezinkuni (1: 1).
- Ngaphansi kwesibindi, faka ungqimba lobumba obunwetshiwe (1 cm).
- Beka inhlabathi enomsoco ngaphezulu kwe-drain, ugcwalise ingxenye eyodwa yesithathu ebhodweni nayo.
- Engxenyeni ephakathi yakha isikhukhula esincane bese ubeka khona imithombo yezimpande.
- Nciphisa izitshalo ngomhlabathi, ngenkathi uhlela isitshalo entanyeni yempande. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlanganise umthamo ngokwawo kanye nebanga eliba ngu-0.5-1 cm ngaphezulu kwalo.
- Gcina kancane umhlabathi, faka ibhodlela endaweni evulekile bese uyimboza nge-cap ebonakalayo engenziwa ebhodleleni leplastiki. Isigqoko sentamo kumele sisuswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye engaphansi komhlaba yokufinyelela emoyeni.
- Ngemuva kwesonto, susa i-cap bese uhambisa isitshalo endaweni enomphela.
Uma uhlwanyela imbewu, yenza okulandelayo:
- Lungisa itanki, ubeke ungqimba lwamanzi.
- Bese ugcwalisa isitsha sonke ngenhlabathi futhi usakaze imbewu ebusweni bayo ebangeni lika-5 cm komunye nomunye.
- Ngemuva kwalokho, ukutshala impahla kugcwele ungqimba (1 cm) wenhlabathi noma isanti.
- Ubuso bebhodweni buhlanganiswe nefilimu ebonakalayo noma i-polyethylene.
- Isiqukathi sibekwe eceleni ekamelweni elinokukhanya okungafani noma okufiphele ngokuphelele futhi silinde imbewu yokuhluma.
- Ngaphambi kokuhluma, ukutshala kungena umoya wansuku zonke imizuzu engu-15 futhi, uma kunesidingo, gcwalisa inhlabathi ngebhodi le-spray.
- Ngemuva kokuthi amahlumela avele, indawo yokukhosela idinga ukususwa futhi ifakwe endaweni ekhanyisiwe.
- Baqala ukufakelwa emithonjeni ngayinye ngokubonakala kwamashidi 3-4 egcwele futhi lapho amahlumela efinyelela ukuphakama kuka-7-10 cm.
Kubalulekile! Lapho kuhluma imbewu yezinhlobo ezahlukene zezitshalo kungathatha kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kuya ku-1.5-2 izinyanga.
Ukunakekela izitshalo zasendlini
Emva kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngokunakekelwa okuhle. Ngokuvamile akuyona inkinga ekhethekile futhi ichaza:
- ukwethulwa kokugqoka ngokuhambisana nezigaba zonyaka okhulayo kanye nohlobo lwezitshalo;
- umswakama wenhlabathi;
- ukufakelwa okufika ngesikhathi;
- ukusika izihlahla nokuhlanza.
Umanyolo
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kusungulwa kulo lonke isigaba semifino esebenzayo, kusukela ekuphumeni kwesigaba sokuphumula. Uma ukutshala izithelo kusho ukuqhuba kokudla kokuqala emva kokuvela kwamashidi amasha. Izitshalo ezitholakale kumbewu, zikhulelwe okokuqala ngemuva kokudalulwa kwamashidi amabili (hhayi cotyledonous).
Qondanisa ngezindlela ezingu-11 zokugqoka okuphezulu kwezitshalo zewindi.
Ekuqaleni, izitshalo zihlwanyelwa ama-accelerators okukhula okukhulayo - isibonelo, i-Epin: amaconsi angu-2-3 omuthi ngamunye nge-1 l amanzi anele. Isixazululo siphulwa endaweni engaphansi kwezitshalo kanye nomhlabathi. Ukumiswa kwesidakamizwa ngumzimba wesitshalo kuthatha izinsuku ezingu-2-3. Ngeke kuphumelele kuphela esigabeni sokuqala sokukhula, kodwa nasezimo lapho izitshalo ziye zabhekana nokucindezeleka (ukushisa, ukushisa kwelanga, ukwelashwa kwezifo zesimiso sempande, njll). Ungenza umuthi njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-10-14.
Esikhathini esizayo, kungcono ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo ngokukhethekile ishintshwe izitshalo ezithile. Ekuqaleni, isilinganiso sincishiswe ngesigamu esivela kulokho kuboniswe emiyalweni, isikhathi ngasinye sikhula kancane kancane ukuze singashise izimpande.
Ividiyo: Ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphumelelayo kwezimbali zasendlini Kusukela emthonjeni wezinto eziphilayo, umlotha womhlaba wonke ungumuthi wokhuni - awugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa umhlabathi ngezakhi zomzimba, kodwa futhi uvikela kahle ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal nokusabalala kwezinambuzane. Ingasetshenziselwa ifomu le-powder, powdering inhlabathi, noma kwisixazululo (400 g / 10 l amanzi). Isixazululo singasetshenziselwa emhlabathini ingxenye yezitshalo kanye nokunisela.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela noma yikuphi abameleli bezitshalo kwenziwa emva kokumiswa kwezingqimba zomhlabathi. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa kukhona ama-succulents kanye ne-cacti - anganisela ngisho nokushisa kanye ngenyanga.
Ukunisela kungenziwa ngokuletha umswakama eceleni kombhodlela ukuze amanzi angawa ezitshalweni, noma awuthulule epanini. Uma umswakama usungulwa nge-pan, emva kwemizuzu engu-15, amanzi amaningi ngokweqile kumele asheswe. 
Izibonelo ezithandwayo zomswakama ngesikhathi sasehlobo kufanele zifakwe njalo ngezinsuku ezingu-2-3. Ngemuva kokuthi kusetshenziswe ukuthutha kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umswakama awungena emagqabeni, kungenjalo ingozi yeqabunga iyakhula.
Ukushisa kwamanzi okunisela nokutshala kufanele kuhambisane nokushisa okukhulu.
Ukudubula
Ukudubula kumele kube kwentwasahlobo. Ama-specimens anesisindo esiluhlaza esakhiwa amaqabunga aluhlaza ahlanganiswa ama-stalks amabili, aphikishe iphuzu lokukhula ngonyaka wokuqala. Futhi woza ngonyaka ozayo, uphonsa amaphuzu okukhula ku-2 akhule amahlumela.
Kanti futhi, izitshalo zidingwa ngezikhathi ezithile, ezenziwa njengoba zidingeka nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Kusho ukususwa kwe:
- ukuphefumula okuphefumulayo;
- amahlumela engeziwe;
- amahlumela abomile noma awonakele;
- amaqabunga afile;
- izinsizakalo zokukhiqiza okuqhubekayo (i-cacti, i-succulents, i-epiphytes).
Yonke into okufanele iyenze kumele yenziwe ngamagilavu esebenzisa insimbi ehlanzekile, engahlanjululwa. Ukusika ungasebenzisa isisi esibukhali obukhali noma i-secator yobukhulu obufanele.Ukufakelwa
Okokuqala udinga ukuthola ukuthi imbali idinga yini ukufakelwa kabusha. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokufakelwa kabusha, okwenziwa ngokuya ngesimo sezitshalo kanye nenkathi ekhulayo:
- okuphuthumayo - imisebenzi enjalo ihlanganisa ukufakelwa kokutshala emva kokuthenga, lapho kunezifo, ukubola kwezimpande, ukwanda komswakama emhlabathini, kanye nokuchithwa okunamandla kwenhlabathi;
- kuhlelwe - kwenziwa kaningi emasontweni amabili ngaphambi kokushiya isimo sokuphumula ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Kubalulekile! Ukutshala emva kokuthenga kwenziwa kuphela ngenyanga. - Yilokho kanye izitshalo ezidinga ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha. Uma lesi sitshalo sisesigaba sesibhakabhaka, ukufakelwa emva kokuthenga akukwenziwa kuze kube yilapho yonke ifihlekile iwa.
Ukukhethwa okuhleliwe kwenziwa ngokuya ngobudala. Ama-specimens amancane adluliselwa njalo ngonyaka, mhlawumbe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Ngezimo ezifinyelele eminyakeni engu-3-5, le nqubo ingenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili. Ngezikhathi lapho ukufakelwa kwesitshalo kungeke kwenziwe, udinga ukususa inhlabathi engaphezulu kuka-2-5 cm, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwensimu, bese ulithatha isakhi se-nutrient entsha. 
Ukufakelwa kwezitshalo kwenziwa nge-transshipment indlela yokulondoloza i-coma yasebumba. Ukwenza umsebenzi ube lula ngamahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, ungayinisela izitshalo uma kunesidingo. Ngemva kokukhipha isitshalo ebhodweni, uhlelo lwempande luhlolwa. Imikhawulo eyomile isusiwe, kanti ukusikeka kusetshenzwa ngenhlanganisela ye "Fundazole" ngezinkuni umlotha.
Funda ukutshala kahle izitshalo zasendlini.
Uma kukhona izilonda zesimiso sempande noma umhlabathi usuphelile kakhulu, khona-ke umhlaba udinga ukususwa. Okokuqala, inhlabathi ihlukaniswe ngokucophelela ngesandla, bese izimpande zigeza ngaphansi kwamanzi asebenzayo. Izingxenye ezonakele zesimiso zisuswe futhi ziphathwa nge "Fundazole" ngomlotha.
Amaphutha avamile
Amaphutha amakhulu ngesikhathi sokutshala / ukufakelwa kabusha nokunakekelwa:
- ukufika okujulile kakhulu;
- uzama ukukhipha noma ukukhetha into ebukhali yesitshalo kusuka ku-coma yodaka;
- ukuphathwa kabi emhlabathini nombasa ngaphambi kokutshala;
- ukukhethwa okungalungile kwesayizi yamathangi;
- ukungahambisani nemithethonqubo ephathelene nesimo sokuguquguquka emva kokufakelwa kabusha;
- ukuchelela okuningi ngokushesha emva kokutshala - kuvunyelwe ukufuthola inhlabathi esitokisini se-spray, futhi ukuchelela okugcwele kufanele kuqalwe kuphela emva kwesonto ezinxenyeni ezincane;
- ukunganaki imithetho mayelana nokuhlelwa kohlelo lwamanzi - inamba enganele yezimbobo zamanzi ngaphansi, udaka oluncane kakhulu.
Yiziphi izimbali ezingenakutshala ekhaya
Ukuthatha izimbali zokutshala ekhaya, kuyafaneleka ukubhekana nalolu daba kusuka ekubukeni kwesayensi. Abanye abameleli bezitshalo bangabe benobuthi, bangabheki, baphuze iphunga elivuthayo. 
Zonke izinhlobo ze-Euphorbia zinobuthi. Uma ukuqhekeka kuqubuka noma kushiya, kukhishwa "ubisi" obumhlophe, okuthi, lapho uvula isikhumba evulekile, kubangela ukusabela okweqile, kuhambisane nokuqhuma, ukuwashaza, ukugcoba.
Kubalulekile futhi ukuba uqaphele nge-cacti enemiphongolo eminingi ebukhali - kufanele igcinwe ngaphandle kwezingane.
Izitshalo ze-Allergen zifaka:
- amafern;
- ama-cyclamens;
- ama-rhododendron;
- i-geraniums;
- i-pelargonium.
Amathiphu awusizo wabaqalayo
Nazi ezinye izincomo eziwusizo kulabo abafisa izimbali ze-novice:
- Qaphela lapho ukhetha izimbali zendlu yakho, ikakhulukazi uma unezingane noma izilwane ezifuywayo. Funda zonke izici zesimo esithile, izinzuzo zayo nokuqapha. Futhi uyazisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuhlela izimo ezincane ze-microclimate.
- Ukutshala usebenzise umhlabathi omusha wezakhi, uhlanganiswe ngokuhambisana nezici eziphilayo zezitshalo.
- Uma ulethe ummeli omusha wezindlu zendawo, ungayifaki ngokushesha eduze kwezinto ezikhona kakade - e-substrate futhi esitshalweni ngokwazo kungase kube nezinhlamvu zefungi kanye nezilokazane ezingabonakali isohlo.
- Lapho izimpawu zokuqala zezifo kanye nokulimala kwezinambuzane zitholakala, isampula esithathelelekile kufanele isuswe kwelinye igumbi, kufanele kwenziwe izinqubo ezifanele ukuze kuqedwe inkinga, futhi zonke izimbali ezinempilo kufanele ziphathwe nama-prophylactic agents.
Uyazi? Isitshalo velvichiya mirabilis sinamaqabunga amabili kuphela. Inombolo yabo ayishintshi ngisho nokuguga kwezitshalo, ogama lakhe lasendle lingakwazi ukufinyelela eminyakeni engaba ngu-100.
Ukutshala ngokufanele kwabameleli basekhaya be-flora kuyisici esinqumayo ekugcineni ukuphikiswa okunamandla kwesimila sesitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko womlimi kumele ahambisane nemithetho eyisisekelo yobunjiniyela bezolimo.
