Ama-gerberas angama-potter awakhangayo ngenxa yokuzijabulisa kwabo okujabulisayo nokuqhathanisa nokuqhathaniswa nokunakekelwa. Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi zingaki izimbali zama-gerbera eziqhakaza futhi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo kulokhu, bheka ngezansi.
Incazelo ye-Botanical yembali
I-Gerberas iyingxenye yama-perennial herbaceous emndenini weCompositae. Njengesitshalo sasekhaya, sebenzisa izimboni ezilodwa kuphela zezitshalo ezithintekayo - uJameson's Gerbera. Eziningi zezitshalo endle zitholakala e-Afrika, ezinye - ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia.
Igumbi le-gerbera iyisitshalo se-compact kuze kube yi-25 cm high. Izitshalo zifushane, zimbozwe ngezingqimba zezinqwaba ezithambile. Amaqabunga ahlangene, ahlukaniswe ngokuphindaphindiwe, afike ku-30 cm ubude, aqoqwe ekhoneni eduze nomsuka.
Izimbali zodwa, zibukeka njengama-daisies. Phakathi kokuhluka kobala akutholakali kuphela amakhophi aluhlaza.
Izimbali zingaba nezinhlobo eziningana:
- okulula;
- i-terry;
- semi-kabili.
- Amaphilisi ashebula aphakathi nendawo;
- umhlanga otholakale emaphethelweni.
Ububanzi bebhasikidi buhlukahluka ngezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kusuka ku-5 kuya kwezingu-23 cm. Ku-corolla, equkethe ama-tubular ama-5, kukhona ama-stamens amahlanu, ama-anther awo enza i-stamens tube. Embubini kukhona i-pistil e-1, eyakha izithelo zenzalo.
Uyazi? Sika ama-gerberas ugcine izinhlanzi ezinsukwini ezingu-20 ngenani elincane kuphela emanzini. Kwanele ukumboza kuphela phansi kwe-vase nge-liquid.
Ukunakekela ekuqaleni kokuthenga
Kusukela ekuthengeni, ukunakekela i-gerbera kunamasu amabili:
- ukuvumelanisa;
- ukudluliselwa ku-tank entsha.
Ukuguquguquka
Ukufakelwa akunakwenziwa kuze kube yilapho isitshalo sivumelanisa nezimo zendawo yokuhlala entsha. Isitshalo sesitshalo sibhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuhamba, ngakho kuzothatha isikhathi ukubuyisela izinsiza. 
Omunye umgomo wokuzivumelanisa nezimo ukuhlukanisa indawo, okubaluleke kakhulu uma kunezinye izitshalo endlini. Kanye nommeleli omusha we-flora, ungaletha izinambuzane nezifungi, okuyisisongo kuzo zonke izitshalo ezikhona.
Ngokwesilinganiso, le nkathi yimizuzu engu-2-4 futhi ihlanganisa:
- ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela kwesitshalo nomhlabathi ngaphansi kwesibuko esikhanyayo;
- ukuhlukaniswa kwesitshalo kusuka kwabanye abameleli bezitshalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukufakelwa okusheshayo emva kokuthenga kuvunyelwe kuphela uma kwenzeka lesi sitshalo sithengwa ngokusobala esimweni esibi (amaqabunga aphihliwe, umquba noma umhlabathi othela isikhunta). Kwezinye izimo, ukwandisa ukucindezeleka komzimba wesitshalo akufanelekile.
Ukufakelwa
Ukutshala emva kokuthenga kuyisenzakalo esibalulekile esilungiselelwe ekuhloleni ukukhulelwa kwemithi. Ngokuvamile, izitshalo ezithengiswa zitshalwe ezinhlakeni ezincane, zisebenzisa inhlabathi, ehlanganisa inhlanganisela enkulu ye-peat ne-perlite.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubukeka, izimbali zihlwanyelwa isabelo esihle sezithako zesenzo eside (amaviki angu-4-8). Ngesikhathi sokuthenga zonke izakhi ziphelile, ngakho-ke uma wenqaba lo mcimbi, imbali izofa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Ukuhlehliswa kokufakelwa okunjalo kuvunyelwe ezimweni lapho i-gerbera ikhula futhi iqhubekele phambili. Khona-ke ukufakelwa kwesitshalo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMatshi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukufakelwa kwe-gerbera kwenziwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emibili, ngisho nezitshalo ezincane.
Okokuqala, kufanele ucabange ukuthi yikuphi ibhodlela lokukhetha i-gerbera. Ibhodlela idinga ukutholwa hhayi ubukhulu obukhulu kakhulu. Uma ukhetha kudingekile ukugxila emigqeni yesistimu yempande, wengeze u-3 cm. Amandla womthamo awunandaba. Into eyinhloko ukuthi i-tank yayingabonakali futhi yayinezinombolo ezanele zemigodi yamanzi ngaphansi.
Ividiyo: Ukufakelwa kwe-Gerbera ngemuva kokuthenga
Inhlabathi ye-gerbera inezici ezilandelayo:
- i-peat;
- isihlabathi;
- umhlabathi;
- sphagnum moss.
Izingxenye zixutshwe ku-1: 1: 2: 1. Njengengxenye eyengeziwe elawula umswakama, ungakwazi ukwengeza ekubunjweni kwe-hydrogel - 3% yobuningi behlabathi. Futhi ukufakelwa i-gerbera kuzodinga amanzi. Kule ndaba, izinto ezibonakalayo - udaka olwandisiwe. Kuyasiza ukulawula ukugeleza komoya emoyeni ohlelweni futhi kuqede umswakama owedlulele.
Ukupheka ngaphambi kwenhlabathi kanye nenhlabathi kumele kukhishwe i-disinfected. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa isisombululo esishisayo sama-manganese (1 g / 1 litre amanzi). Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngokususwa kwezitshalo kusuka emathini, imizuzu engu-30 ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha, udinga ukuwahambisa.
Kubalulekile! Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi ye-gerbera akufanele kufaka phakathi ama-organic compounds ngesimo somquba nomquba. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo ze-fungal iyakhula.
Imiyalo yesinyathelo-nge-isinyathelo sokuguqulwa kwe-gerbera:
- Lungiselela ithangi bese ubeka u-1-2 cm we-claydite phansi.
- Beka ungqimba lwenhlabathi 1-2 cm ngaphezu kwe-claydite.
- Susa imbali kanye nomhlaba ophuma ebhodweni bese uhlola isimo sezimpande. Susa izimpande ezomile njengoba kudingeka. Uma igumbi lobumba liphelile kakhulu, ligeza ngephansi kwamanzi agijima.
- Beka isitshalo esitsheni esisha bese uyilungisa nge-collar yempande - kufanele iphakame ngo-2 cm ngaphezu komhlabathi.
- Gcwalisa izikhala nge-primer bese uzifaka kancane emjikelezweni wendophi. Asikho isidingo sokunisela.
Indlela yokunakekela i-gerbera yasekhaya esikhathini esizayo
Emva kokufakelwa kwesitshalo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe nomthunzi kancane kwezinsuku ezingu-5 kusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngqo futhi sinikeze izimo ezincane ze-microclimatic zokulungiswa okusheshayo emhlabathini omusha.
Ukukhetha indawo
I-Gerbera ingezihlahla zezitshalo ezikhanyayo, kodwa ayikubekezeli ukukhanya kwelanga ngokuqondile kahle. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokutshala isitshalo se-southeast - southeast. Indawo kufanele ivikelwe emqulwini, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthatha ukuba khona komthombo womoya omusha. Usuku lwe-Gerbera kumele luhlale okungenani amahora angu-12.
Ukushisa
Abagayi, ngaphezu kokukhanyisa okusezingeni eliphezulu, bafuna ukushisa. Ukushisa okuphansi kakhulu lapho izitshalo zingase zikhule khona ngokujwayelekile yi-18 ° C. Emazingeni okushisa aphansi, izitshalo ziqala ukugwinya futhi zifake. I-indicator yokushisa enhle ye-gerbera i-20 ... + 25 ° С.
Ukunisela
Ukukhetha imodi yokunisela, kufanelekile ukucabangela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sihlala emazweni ashisayo, ngakho-ke sidinga umswakama. Ukushisa kwamanzi okunisela akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-20 ° С. Ukunisela kuqhutshwa emaphethelweni ebhodweni ukuze amanzi awele emaqabeni, noma nge-pan. Emanzini okunisela aphansi aphelelwa emva kwesigamu sehora. Kungcono ukushintsha amanzi okuphuza phezulu, ukuze ungabhubhisi amanzi ahlale emanzini athile enhlabathi.
Ngaki kaningi ama-gerbera amanzi ancike ekushiseni nangomswakama. Kunzima ukusho ukuthi ungakanani izikhathi okudingayo ukuze upheze i-gerbera. Kungcono ukugxila esimweni somhlabathi. Kufanele ihlale imanzi, kodwa ingabi yindawo. Isibonakaliso esihle somswakama inhlabathi ngu-50%. Okubaluleke nakakhulu yi-indicator yomoya umswakama, otholakala ngokupomfaza.
Uyazi? Ezokuhamba komhlaba ezimbonini zezimbali, i-gerbera isendaweni yesihlanu ekuthengiseni ngemuva kwama-roses, ama-tulips, ama-carnations nama-chrysanthemums.
Ukuphalaza
Ukufafaza kwenziwa kuphela eshidi nsuku zonke. Ngokushesha ngemva kwenkambiso, udinga ukuhlola isitifiketi seshidi bese ususa umswakama owedlule ukuvimbela ukubola. Amanzi alesi sigqila asetshenziselwa ukufudumala.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Njengoba ama-fertilizer we-gerbera asebenzisa kuphela izithako ezimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uma kunezinkinga ngezimbali, zifakwa esikhundleni sezingqikithi ezinomqondo ophezulu we-potassium ne-phosphorus.
Isikhathi semifino ye-gerberas sihlukile kwezinye izitshalo. Abanaso isikhathi esithile sokuphumula. Ihambisana nomakhi we-hardwood. Lesi sikhathi siwela phakathi kukaJuni futhi sihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Kule nkathi yesikhathi, ukunikezwa kwe-nitrogen okuqukethe kuzoba kuhle. Kule ndaba urea uhambisana kahle. I-7 mg yerea ichitheka ngo 1 l amanzi. Lokhu kugqoka kungasetshenziswa kanye ngenyanga nge 200ml ehlathini. Lokhu kuyoba okwanele - isingeniso esiningi se-urea sizovusa ukukhula okungalawulwa komhlabathi okuyingxenye yokulimaza kwezimbali. 
Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, i-gerberas iqala ukuqhakaza. Kusukela manje baqala ukutshala izitshalo zezimbali. Okufanelekayo "Florovit." I-10 ml yeketshezi yengezwa ku 1 litre lamanzi. Ukunisela ngamanyolo kwenziwa njalo amasonto amabili, okwenza 200 ml isitshalo ngasinye. Ekupheleni kwezimbali "Florovit" akukhanseliwe, futhi uqala ukwenza isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga.
Ukudubula
I-home gerberas ayidingi ukusika izihlahla. Lapho isitshalo se-ottsvetet, udinga ukususa i-spike ngesisisi esibukhali. I-cut is made close as possible to the base.
Ukuzala
Uma sicabanga ukuthi zingaphi izigerberas eziphilayo ezihloselwe ukulima ekhaya, okuyiminyaka engaba ngu-5-6, maduzane izihlahla zizovuselelwa.
Hlanganisa i-gerbera yasekhaya ngezindlela eziningana:
- ukusika;
- ukuhlukana kwesihlahla;
- imbewu.
Cuttings
Ukusika kungenziwa entwasahlobo ka-3 weminyaka yesitshalo. Ukufeza ukukhwabanisa, lungiselela ibhodlela nomhlabathi, njengokwenziwa kokufakelwa. Khona-ke ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi lususwe ebhodweni nesitshalo ukuze ubone lapho uhlelo lwempande lomntwana oludlula khona. Ukusebenzisa ummese obukhali, uphathwe utshwala, usike ngokucophelela isiqu esitshalweni somama. Izimpande zibhapathizwa imizuzu engu-20 ngesisombululo se "Epin," sihlanjululwa ngokwemiyalo, bese sitshala ukusika endaweni encane.
Kubalulekile! Efanelekile ukuzalanisa ama-cuttings ngama-3-4 amahlamvu kanye nezimpande ezigcwele.
Emva kokutshala isiqu kungcono ukumboza nge-cellophane ebonakalayo ukudala ukulingisa okushisa. Izinsuku ezingu-7-10 kanye ngosuku udinga ukutshala ukutshala, ukususa isikhwama futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ukugcoba inhlabathi, ukuyivimbela ekumeni. Ngemuva kokuvuthwa kwemithi, ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwezitshalo kwenziwa.
Uhlukanisa isihlahla
Ukukhiqizwa ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla kwenziwa kuphela ngonyaka wesine wokuphila komasiko ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo. Ukwenza lokhu, lungisa iziqukathi eziningana, kuye ngokuthi inani lezingxenye zezingane zasendle. Inhlabathi ihlanganiswa, ngokuqondene namakhophi amakhulu.
Funda futhi ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-gerbera ekamelweni lakho elisefasiteleni.
Emva kokukhipha isitshalo somama emhlabathini, kuyadingeka ukuba ususe ngokucophelela i-clod yobumba bese ugeza izimpande ngaphansi kwamanzi. Uma izimpande zingenakuhlukaniswa ngesandla, ziyakunqunywa ngommese ophuza utshwala obunqanyuliwe. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukusika kufanele kusetshenziswe nge "Fundazol" ngokuhlanganiswa ngokhuni lomlotha (1: 1) bese uhlwanyela izitshalo ezitsheni ezahlukene. Izinsuku ezingu-5-7 emva kokufakelwa kabusha, izitshalo zigcinwa ngaphansi kwesikhwama seplastiki, njengenguqulo yangaphambilini. 
Imbewu
Imbewu ye-Gerber inezinga eliphezulu lokuhluma. Uhlume kakade ngosuku lwama-7 emva kokuhlwanyela. Izitshalo ezisakazwa yizimbewu ziqala ukuqhakaza zingakapheli izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ngesikhathi sokutshala.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kulungisa ingxube yeqabunga lomhlabathi ngesihlabathi ngesilinganiso se-1: 1. Izinto zokutshala zitshalwe entwasahlobo ezitsheni ezijwayelekile ze-oblong. Ukujula kokufika - 5 mm. Ibanga elingu-10 cm lishiywe phakathi kwembewu. Ubuso bebhodlela buhlanganiswe ne-polyethylene ebonakalayo futhi kubekwe eceleni egumbini elihlelekile lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihluka ngaphakathi kuka-25 ° C.
Ukuhamba komhlaba kukhishwa nsuku zonke futhi kuhambelana nebhodi le-spray njengoba kudingekile. Lapho kuvela izithombo ususe indawo yokukhosela bese ulungisa kabusha ibhodlela e-window ekhanyisiwe. Lapho amaqabunga angu-4 eqiniso evela, ama-gerberas awela ezinkalweni ezincane ezihlukene, egxile ebukhulu bezinsizi.
Izinkinga ezingenzeka ngokukhula
Uma ungahambisani nemithetho yokulima, ungase uthinteke izifo nezinambuzane. Ukuqonda ukuthi ungamlondoloza kanjani, udinga ukuqonda izizathu.
Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuthi kungani i-gerbera iphela:
- Umsuka wokubola - eshukunyiswa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezincane zezinyosi, ezithuthuka ngokushesha kwimvelo enomswakama. Ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kuzosiza ukuxazulula le nkinga. Ukwenza lokhu, lungisa i-substrate entsha nembiza. Izimbali zisuswa enhlabathini endala kanye nezimpande ezihlanziwe. Ngemuva kwalokho, zonke izingxenye ezithintekayo zesitshalo ziyasuswa, bese ukwelashwa kwenziwa "ne-Readzole" ngokuhambisana nomuthi wokhuni. Izimpande zomiswe kancane amahora ambalwa elangeni nasemhlabeni. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10, ukuchelela okuphezulu kuyenziwa ngokungeza amaconsi amathathu e-hydrogen peroxide emanzini.
- I-Fusarium ne-Phytophthora - izifo ze-fungal ezivela amabala amnyama emaqabunga. Kulokhu, ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kuyenziwa nangokususwa kwazo zonke izingxenye ezithintekile zesitshalo, ukuhlanza izimpande nokuthungatha nge-"Fundazole" ngamapulangwe ash. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa le substrate entsha, kufanele iphathwe ngesisombululo se-1% se-Bordeaux ingxube.
Uyazi? Ukuthola i-gerberas njengesipho kusho ukuthi umuntu ophayo uqotho ekubonakalweni kwemizwa.
Ngaphambi kokuvuselela izitshalo, kudingeka zihlolwe ngaphansi kweglasi elikhazimulayo lokuba khona kwezinambuzane.
Ngokuvamile ekhaya, i-gerbera iyamangala:
- i-whitefly - isuswe ngesandla ngokuhlanza amaqabunga ngesisombululo seseti, bese ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngesisombululo sokhuni (ukhuni 1 ngamalitha amathathu amanzi);
- isihlangu - ekulwa nalesi sifo kuzosiza ekusebenzeni isikhathi esilandelayo "i-Fitoverm" ngokulandela imiyalelo yezitshalo zendlu nge-interval of days 14;
- i-aphid - kususwa ngendlela efanayo ne-whitefly.
Kungenzeka yini ukufakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile
Faka esikhundleni se-gerbera ekhaya emhlabathini ovulekile akufanelekile. Iqiniso liwukuthi iningi lezinhlobo ezihloselwe ukulima ekhaya ziphikisana kakhulu nezifo nezinambuzane eziqhubekayo emhlabathini ovulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuguqulwa okungeziwe ngeke kuzuze i-gerberas.
I-home gerberas enakekela kahle kahle izinyanga ezintathu ngonyaka. Yakha izimo ezidingekayo efulethini ukuze ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwezitshalo akulona nzima, ngisho nokho ongekho owaziyo izimbali.
