Kuyadingeka ukwakha umqhele wesihlahla sama-apula kusukela ngonyaka wokuqala emva kokutshala, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi uzokhula ube mude kakhulu, amagatsha aphansi azoba acwecile futhi abe mncane, ngoba ngeke athole izakhi zomzimba ezanele. Ukuthena okufanele kungakhuphula umkhiqizo wezihlahla futhi kuvikele ukukhula kwezifo. Njengoba yenziwe kahle futhi yakhelwe kahle, izohlala ijabulisa ngombono wayo ngeplani yengadi.
Lapho usakha, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisana ngokucophelela nama-secateurs ukuze ungakhumuli amagxolo amasha esiqwini, kuthambile futhi kulimala kalula. Yonke eminye isihlahla sama-apula isihlahla esinokulimala kakhulu, ibekezelela ukuthenwa futhi ithathe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zomqhele.
Kungani akha umqhele futhi usenze nini?
Ukwakhiwa kwe- “cap” kuyinqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ethinta umkhiqizo wesihlahla, amagatsha aqine, abekezelele isimo sezulu esibi, futhi angaqhekeki lapho kuvunguza umoya, iqhwa noma imvula.
Ukuthena kuyadingeka ukudala ukwakheka okulungile kwe-apex, ngoba lokhu kushiya amagatsha anamandla emithambo futhi ancine amancanyana athela izithelo. Into esemqoka ukwenza konke okulungile, ngaphandle kwalokho ungaphamba isihlahla se-apula.
Abalimi abaningi abaqala ukweqa izihlahla, bekuthatha njengokuthanda, kodwa lokhu akulona iqiniso, ngoba:
- Umqhele obukhulu futhi onezinhlamvu ubangela ukwaphuka kwamagatsha, amanxeba angapholi avele, umuthi we-apula uqala ukulimala. Kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi namandla ukululama, ingxenye yesivuno izolahleka. Kancane kancane, isimo sesihlahla siya ngokuba sibi futhi siyafa.
- Amahlamvu aphuma njalo futhi aminyene ayimbangela yezifo, ngenxa yalokho, ama-apula awanambatha futhi angathandeki ngokubukeka.
- Umuthi olotshwe kahle ukhula izithelo ezincane nezomuncu. Kusukela ushukela otholakala ngenqubo ye-photosynthesis uqala ukusetshenziswa emaceleni amaqabunga kanye namagatsha, hhayi kuma-apula. Izinqubo eziningi umuthi we-apula unazo, izakhi zomzimba eziningi zichithwa kokuqukethwe kwazo, futhi azanele. Ngenxa yalokho, amahlumela aqandeka, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesitshalo sisonke.
- Ifomu elifanele lizosiza ukuxhasa isisindo sama-apula hhayi ukugoba ngaphansi kwesisindo saso, ngoba ngemuva kokutshala lesi sihlahla sibonisa ukungabi nasici kakhulu futhi kungaqhamuka esisindweni sezithelo nasezimeni zezulu ezinzima. Izihlahla uyakwazi ukugcina ukulingana phakathi kokumelana kwamagatsha nomthwalo wezithelo.
- Ngenxa yesigqoko esikhulu esenziwe ngamaqabunga, ukukhanya kwelanga akuweli kuwo wonke amagatsha, izithelo zivuthwa kancane, bese ziphenduka ikhwalithi engeyinhle. Ngokukhanyisa okuhle, isikhathi sezithelo sincishiswa iminyaka emi-2, ama-apula azoba namanzi futhi amnandi, futhi isitshalo uqobo sikhula ngokushesha.
- Ijamo elikhethwe kahle lisiza ukukhetha izithelo ngaphandle komzamo owengeziwe endaweni ephakeme.
Uma umuthi unganakekelwa iminyaka emine, bese ugijima usendle, izithelo ziyobe zinganambitheki, zimuncu futhi zincane.
Izinsuku zokuthenwa kwe-apula
Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe ngonyaka ngemuva kokutshala, ngoba kuze kube yileso sikhathi izimpande zesihlahla sezithelo azikakabi namandla ngokwanele futhi azinikezi umqhele wonke ngokudla okuhle.
Izinqubo kufanele zinqunywe ngxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Okokuqala, susa amagatsha amakhulu aphezulu, thinta abaphansi kube ubuncane.
Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngonyaka, kunciphisa amahlumela amasha ngekota yobude bokukhula. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu intwasahlobo, okungukuthi ngoMashi nango-Ephreli. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungawuthuli amagatsha asemqoka, ngaphandle kwalokho umuthi ngeke ubambe isisindo. Ekwindla, ungaqala futhi ukwakheka komqhele, usize isihlahla ukuba sehlise imithwalo engadingekile ebusika.
Entwasahlobo, ukugawulwa kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba amaqabunga avele, uma weqa kulokhu, ujusi onikeza impilo uzophuma ezingxenyeni ezingeke ziphilise isikhathi eside. Ngenxa yalokho, umuthi uzogula futhi kungenzeka ufe. Ngesikhathi esifanele sokwenza ukwakheka komqhele, ukusikeka kuzokoma ngokushesha futhi kuphole, futhi wonke umsoco odingekayo uzofika ngesikhathi sazo zonke izingxenye zesihlahla se-apula.
Ehlobo, kungcono ukuvuselela kabusha umuthi we-apula lapho uqala ukoma. Kuzofanele sinqume amagatsha impela, cishe ikota yobude bawo. Usizo lokuthena izihlahla ukuthi ezindaweni zokusikeka kuzoba namahlumela amaningi ngonyaka olandelayo, futhi kufanelekile ukunikeza umhlahlandlela wamagatsha oyifunayo kumagatsha ngalesi sikhathi.
Ekwindla, abalimi benza izihlahla ezinkulu ukulungisa umuthi ebusika. Amagatsha asikwa izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobude bawo. Kukhethwe ihlumela elinamandla futhi eliwugqinsi, elibhekwa njengelokuqhuba, ngemuva kokuthi kube nezimpande zalokho okubizwa ngokuthi yi-oda lesibili, baqale ukwakheka kwabo ngonyaka wokuqala wokukhula, nowesithathu, ozoqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo.
Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala, lapho kwakhiwa, kubalulekile ukubhekisisa ngokucophelela “isiqu” somuthi wezithelo, khona-ke kuphela izinqubo zokulwa nokuguga zingenziwa.
Ukulungiselela ukwakheka
Kubalulekile ukukhetha amathuluzi amahle wokulungisa umqhele: izihlahla zamagatsha athambile ne-saw for thickers. Ngaphambi komsebenzi, udinga ukuyilola, ngaphandle kwalokho ungalimaza isihlahla, impilo yesihlahla se-apula incike ekunemba, ukunemba nasekutholeni kalula ukusika.
Ukusikeka okukhulu kusuka ku-2 cm, uzodinga i-var engadini ekhethekile. Ukusikeka kudinga ukuphathwa ngesendlalelo esincanyana, into esemqoka ukungawugqithi ngobukhulu, uma kungenjalo i-var isizomunca emlonyeni wegxolo, ivimbele ukungena komoya-mpilo.
Konke ukusikeka kahle kusikwe kusukela phansi kuya phezulu. Kuyadingeka ukuzenza ngaphezulu kwesihlahla esivele sithuthukile futhi ngaphansi komthambeka omncane ukuze amanzi angaqoqeki phezulu komsika.
Ngaphambi kokwakha umqhele wesihlahla esincane, kuyadingeka ukuthola isilinganiso esilinganiselwe se-cap nezimpande:
- Uma isithombo sembiwe engadini, khona-ke kuphela ingxenye yezimpande zayo ethathwa, okufika ku-45 cm. Lokhu ubude ngeke bakwazi ukunikeza ukudla kuwo wonke umqhele, ngakho-ke ihlumela kufanele lifushaniswe libe ngu-35 cm.
- Uma isithombo esinezithombo zihlukanise kabanzi amagciwane, kungakuhle-ke ukuthi sinqume konke ukubeka ku-45-50 cm kusuka emhlabathini.
Icebo lokwakheka komqhele wesihlahla esincanyana se-apula
Uhlelo lokuthengela umqhele lususelwa kubhalansi ofanele phakathi kwamagatsha amadala nalawo amasha avele ekuphuleni unyaka. Ukweqile kunqume futhi unikeze ukwakheka okulungile.
| Indlela / Ukuhlaziywa | Incazelo | Izinzuzo | Okubi |
| Kukhishwe uthayela | Kukhishwe u-55 cm ngempela kusuka enhlabathini futhi amahlumela ama-3 aqinile asele - lena ihlathi lokuqala. Eyesibili ingamasentimitha angama-60 ukusuka emhlabathini, kepha ngaphambi kwalapho udinga ukukhetha amagatsha ama-5 aqine kakhulu, atholakala ekhoneni elibanzi lesibhakela. Uma izihlahla eziningana zama-apula zikhula engadini, khona-ke kufanele zitshalwe kude ngamamitha amane ukusuka komunye nomunye. | Uhlaka oluhle lwokhuni nokukhanyisela wonke amagatsha ngenxa yebanga elikhulu phakathi kwezihlahla. | Kunzima ukuba umlimi we-novice anqume ibanga olifunayo phakathi kwamahlosi, elizogcina ibhalansi phakathi kwamahlumela aphezulu nangaphansi. |
| Inqunyiwe | Kushiywe amahlumela ama-3 kuphela esihlwini esingaphansi futhi azalwe ngama-degree angama-120. Isendlalelo ngasinye sinqunywa ngokulinganayo ngo-50 cm ukusuka kumqhubi wesikhungo. Igatsha lomholi linqunywe ngokuphelele. Amahlumela akhula ngaphakathi kwe- "cap" asuswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. | Ilungele izihlahla zama-apula ezimangalisa. | Kuzofanele ubheke njalo ukukhula kwamahlumela esikhungweni impela somqhele futhi uwasuse ngesikhathi esifanele. Isifo singakhula ngenxa yokuthena okuvame ukwenziwa. |
| I-Vertical Palmette noma i-trellis | Okokuqala, khetha amagatsha anamathambo. Ngemuva kwalokho usike lonke uhlangothi kanye eduze. Ngokukhula kwesihlahla, wonke amagatsha angakhuli eceleni komugqa okhethiwe ayacishwa. | Ukwakheka komqhele kulula. | Ngenxa yokuthena kaningi, isivuno sezilimo singancishiswa kakhulu. |
| I-Fusiform | Ekwindla yokuqala, amahlumela amasha agobile asebenzisa ama-spacers endaweni evundlile, entwasahlobo, igatsha eliyinhloko ligawulwa ngo-30-50 cm ukusuka phezulu. Ukuthena okunjalo kuyadingeka minyaka yonke iminyaka eyi-7. Kubalulekile ukuthi isihlahla sama-apula singakhuli ngaphezu kwama-3 m, namagatsha aqondile - 1.5 m. | Umqhele uzojika, izithelo ziyanda. | Ezabasebenzi ngonyaka. |
| Ukukhamba | Amagatsha anamandla agoqwe ngokuqondile ngokusebenzisa amamaki oweluliwe. | Ngenkathi ebandayo, ungamboza ngendwangu ekhethekile noma isigaxa seqhwa, amagatsha azosekela isisindo. | Inqubo enzima. |
| Bushy | Shiya u-5-6 wamagatsha anamandla, amanye ayasuswa. Ngonyaka olandelayo, amahlumela anqunywa ngokusho kohlobo lwesakhiwo sesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, anqume konke ukusikeka konyaka kuze kube yingxenye yobude, igatsha eliphakathi nalo lifinyeziwe. | Ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo okuphansi, kulula ukuvuna esihlahleni. | Le ndlela ayilungele isihlahla esinamagatsha anamandla amancane. |
| I-Whisper-tier | Ukuma kokuqala komqhele ezihlahleni zama-apula, kwathuthukiswa ukuze kufinyeleleke ngokuphelele ukukhanya kumaqabunga. Ukudalwa kwenzeka emahlangeni. Amagatsha ama-4 aqinile asele kulowo nalowo kuwo, ibanga eliphakathi kwezihlahla lingamamitha ayi-1.5. | Isivuno esikhulu. | Umuthi ukhula kancane, ube ongavimbani neqhwa futhi ube buthakathaka. |
| Umqhele Flat | Amagatsha amabili aqinile akhula ngokuqinile aqokiwe futhi anikezwa isikhundla esithe xaxa, okungukuthi, amane abheka “isigqoko”. | I-Crohn ngokulinganayo futhi ikhanyiswe kahle, umkhiqizo ophezulu kakhulu. | Ukusikwa njalo kwamahlumela amasha nokugcina ukuphakama kwesitshalo kungabi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2,5. |
UCrohn ezigabeni ezihlukene zokuphila kwesihlahla
Umuthi wezithelo wakheka kuyo yonke impilo, kepha kukhona umehluko ngezenzo iminyaka ehlukile.
| Iminyaka yesihlahla se-Apple | Ukwakheka |
| Ukugoqa | Umuthi waminyaka yonke uqukethe isiqu esisodwa esincane, ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezendlalelo ezintsha, usike phezulu endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-90 ukusuka emhlabathini. Uma kukhona amagatsha asondelene nesihlahla aze afike ku-70 cm ubude, ayasuswa. Izendlalelo ezikhula ziphakeme, zisikwe ku-3-5 efihlekile. Amahlumela akhula ekhoneni ebukhali kakhulu asusa noma ahumeke ngokuqondile. |
| Izenzo nomqhele ngonyaka wesibili emva kokutshala | Kuma-biennials kuhlala kukhona amahlumela angomakhelwane. Shiya amagatsha ayi-5 aqinile anendawo enkulu yokuphuma esiqwini. Amagatsha aphansi kufanele abe mide kunalawo aphezulu. Thola umqhele oyindilinga. |
| Ukugawula isihlahla sama-apula esineminyaka emithathu kuya kwemihlanu ubudala | Kuyadingeka ukuqhubeka nesikimu esasetshenziswa phambilini. Kungcono ukuthi ungathatheki ngokuthenwa ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho izithelo zizobambezeleka isikhathi eside. |
| Izici zokunakekelwa komqhele esihlahleni esidala | Ngobudala, ukukhiqiza kuncipha kakhulu, kepha ungahlela kabusha isiqu somuthi wakudala we-apula. Kungcono ukususa onke amagatsha aphezulu bese unqamule isiqu ngengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu. Nquma wonke amahlumela maphakathi nge ¾ yobude bawo. Chitha ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma entwasahlobo. |
UMnu Dachnik uyachaza: amaphutha ekwakhekeni komqhele
Kwakhiwa umqhele omuhle futhi ofanele iminyaka eminingana, lapho isikhathi amaphutha angenziwa. Okuvame kakhulu ukushiya i-hemp esikhundleni se-cut, amahlumela amaningi avela lapho, umqhele uqala ukuqina kakhulu.
Futhi, awukwazi ukushiya isiqu esifushane, njengoba ukwehla usuka kubhungane, uzosigoqa asikaze sidalule isiqu. Ku-apula, isifo singakhula ngenxa ye-necrosis yendawo.
Iphutha elijwayelekile ukushaya umqhele okuqinile, imvamisa kubangelwa ukukhula okwedlulele kwamagatsha ngaphezulu kwesiqu. Ungakulungisa lokhu ngokunamathisela amagatsha ehlobo, futhi unqume ngokuphelele entwasahlobo, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwawo kuzoqina futhi kungathembeka.
Uma amagatsha anciphile kahle, khona-ke ubukhulu bomqhele bunyuka kakhulu. Umqhele omuhle unamagatsha wamathambo angama-5-6 kuphela, ngaphandle kwamahlumela futhi ukhula ubheke esiqwini.
Imvamisa, abalimi bakhetha amathuluzi angemahle wokuthena, kufanele uhlole amasoseji kanye ne-prun, uma kunesidingo, ugaye futhi uhlanzekile.
Ukuthenwa okufanele kwesihlahla se-apula kuthatha isikhathi esiningi kuphela eminyakeni yokuqala engama-3-4, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukulawula ukukhula kwamahlumela, okungekho nzima ikakhulukazi.
Njengomthetho, ngisho nomlimi we-novice ubhekana nokuthena isihlahla sama-apula, kepha ukwakheka komqhele awahlali kusebenza njengoba bekuhlosiwe. Okokuqala udinga ukulandela uhlelo olulula kunazo zonke - olwehlisiwe. Ukugcina umkhiqizo omuhle wezihlahla zezithelo, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ubheke isimo somqhele.
Kubalulekile ukugcoba izingcezu nge-varnish yasengadini noma ngopende, ukuze ama-moss angangeni ezindaweni zokusikeka, futhi izimbungulu ezincane nezinye izinambuzane ngeke zihlale ezimanxebeni.
Imiqhele yokwenziwa
Kwezinye izingadi, ungathola imihlobiso ehlotshiswe kahle yemithi yama-apula, inqubo esikhumbuza ngayo i-bonsai. Kunemiklamo ehlukahlukene. Izindlela zokwenziwa zivusa ukuvunwa kwezinhlobo zaseningizimu, izihlahla zama-apula ezihlotshiswe ngale ndlela zithela izithelo ekuqaleni, yize ama-apula mancane, kodwa emnandi kakhulu, njengoba enesiphiwo ngokukhanya kwelanga.
Izihlahla ezinjalo zizobukeka zizinhle njengezingcezwana ezihlukile zengadi. Izinhlobo ezifuywe zezihlahla ze-apula zingudonga oluhlaza oluhle ngokumangalisayo, olungabekwa endaweni ehlukile. Ngale ndlela yokwakheka komqhele, kuphela izihlahla ezinkudlwana ezinohlobo lwezithelo eziyindilinga. Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe kanye ngesizini, kudingeka futhi wenze uhlaka oluhle, ngoba izihlahla ngeke zikwazi ukumelana nezinto zalo.
Amahlumela kufanele asuswe ezingxenyeni, nalezo eziphume ngaphandle komqhele, ukucindezela, ukugoba noma ukubopha. Umqhele ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Ukhula" umuthi wama-apula ubukeka muhle kakhulu, i- "cap" yakheka ngendlela "yokugomela ukubuyela emuva". Ama-cutways amathathu kuya amane ahlanganiswe ngokucophelela enkabeni yesiphuphu ngezinso phansi.
Ngonyaka wesithathu, lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukuthela izithelo ngama-apula amnandi, sinikeze isivuno esiphakeme, umqhele omuhle futhi ongajwayelekile. Le ndlela ingafakwa emithini emincane yama-apula, izococeka ngokubukeka nge "hat" efashisayo, ngokuqinisekile ezodonsela ukunakwa.
Izihlahla ezinjalo zingasetshenziswa ukuhlobisa isiza sengadi ngezinhloso zobuhle, futhi ukutholakala okuthe xaxa kwezithelo ezinamanzi kuzoba yibhonasi emnandi.
Ukwakha umqhele wobuciko kungumsebenzi onzima. Izihlahla ze-Apple ezinesigqoko esinjalo zizobukeka njengomsebenzi wangempela wobuciko. Ingadi izokujabulisa ngokubukeka okuhle nokungajwayelekile, uthele izithelo ezimnandi, ezinoshukela futhi uzihlobise ngombala wazo oluhlaza okotshani.
