Ukuthola ngaphansi kwanoma yikuphi ubisi lwepulazi ebangeni eliphezulu kakhulu kwesinye sezimo ezibalulekile ezithinta inzuzo yokukhiqiza. Izimfuneko zokuthengwa kwalo mkhiqizo zibekwe ngamazinga kahulumeni futhi kumele zilandelwe yizo zonke izifama. Kulokhu kucacile ukuthi ngisho namapulazi amancane kufanele alandele ngokuqinile yonke imithetho yokucubungula okuyinhloko ubisi.
Ukucubungula okuyinhloko ubisi
Ukucubungula okuyinhloko kuqukethe ukuhlanzwa kokungcola kwemishini, ukupholisa ukushisa okufunayo, isitoreji kanye nokuthutha esitshalweni sokucubungula ubisi. Cabanga ngalokhu wonke amaphuzu ngokuningiliziwe.
Uyazi? U-Evenki, abantu bomdabu baseMpumalanga Siberia, basebenzise ubisi be-reindeer kokubili ukudla kanye nezinhloso zomkhosi.
Ukuhlanza
Ngisho nokugcinwa ngokucophelela kwemithetho enhlanzekile nehlanzekile, ukungcola okungenzeka kungase kube khona ngobisi olusha, ngakho-ke ukuhlanza kufanele kwenziwe ngokusobala. Kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ukuhlunga noma isenzo se-centrifugal.
Emapulazini amancane, isiphuzo sihlungwa ngesandla, ngegazi lokungena emgqonyeni kuya kwisitsha ngokusebenzisa izingqimba eziningana zama-gauze amatheksthi, ahlanganiswa phakathi kwezinsimbi zensimbi ezenziwe ngokudla okungenasici. 
Ukuhlunga okuphezulu kwe-1 ithoni yobisi kudingeka usebenzise amamitha ayi-1.3 we-gauze. Ungahlanza i-gauze nge-detergents evamile emshinini wokuwasha. Ukuphila kwensizakalo yalesi sihlungi akusikho kwezinsuku ezingu-10.
Indlela elandelayo yokuhlanza emapulazini amakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezihlungi ezikhethekile, isibonelo, F-01M, esebenzisa isici sokuhlunga ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside. Inqubo yokuhlanza izinyathelo ezimbili:
- umshini wensimbi engagqwali;
- i-granules yesihlabathi se-quartz.
Thola ukuthi yini ubisi lwekenkomo ewusizo nengozi.
Ukuhlanzwa kwento yokuhlunga kwenziwa ngokugeleza okuqhubekayo ketshezi usebenzisa ama-detergents.
Indlela ye-centrifugal isekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwama-separator ebisi, lapho ukwehlukaniswa ubisi nokungcola kwemishini okuhlala ezindongeni zedramu kwenzeka. Naphezu kwezindleko eziphezulu, le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu.
Ukupholisa
Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, indawo eyinhloko igxile ukupholisa, okukuvumela ukuba ugcine izimfanelo zobisi bebhakithi. Noma kunjalo, ukuphathwa okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemuva kokubamba, isikhathi esiphezulu sesikhathi phakathi kwalezi zinqubo akumele sidlule amahora angu-72. 
Ngokuvamile, ukuphuza ubisi kuhlile kuze kube lokushisa kuka -3 ° C. Kulo mhlaba, ukukhula kwama-microorganisms kuyeke ngokuphelele, okuvumela ukugcina ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo isikhathi eside.
Emapulazini amakhulu, amathangi okupholisa asetshenziswayo, angabamba amathani amabili okuphuza ubisi. Ziyiziqholo eziqandisayo eziqandisini ezifudumele futhi zihlomele amadivayisi wokuxuba okuqhubekayo kohlobo lwama mechanical.
Amapulazi amancane asebenzisa amakhemikhali omdlavuza wesicathulo onamandla kusuka ku-100 amalitha kuya ku-1 ithoni. Zinezintambo ezintathu zokuguqulwa ngodonga lwamanzi kanye nokugwedwa kwemishini. Ukupholisa kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwamahora amabili kuya ezingeni elifunayo - 2 ° C.
Indlela elula yokupholisa ukugcoba iziqukathi zesiphuzo emathangi lapho kukhona amanzi e-ice.
Zijwayele ngezinhlobo nezici zobisi ezipholile.
Isitoreji
Isitoreji kuyinkqubo ebalulekile ekusebenzeni okuyinhloko kobisi. Emapulazini amakhulu, amathangi asetshenzisiwe, okuyingxenye yesakhiwo sokupholisa futhi ahlanganisa iziqukathi ezivaliwe, ezingekho emlilweni. 
Kungenzeka ukugcina ubisi ngemali encane echibini lapho ukupholisa kwakwenziwa khona. Kubalulekile ukuvula isembozo, kodwa, ukuvimbela ukungcola ukungena kusiphuzo, sebenzisa i-gauze.
Uyazi? Emazweni aseMpumalanga, ubisi lwamakamela umkhiqizo ojwayelekile. Isetshenziselwa ukwenza izinyosi, i-ayisikhilimu nase-UAE kufakiwe emenyu ye-kindergartens nezikole.
Izindlela zokucubungula ubisi
Namuhla, ukucubungula ubisi kwenziwa ngezindlela ezilandelayo:
- i-mechanical;
- ezishisayo.
Imishini
Ukucubungula imishini kuyingxenye ebalulekile yomjikelezo wezobuchwepheshe obunzima wokucubungula ubisi. Iqukethe isenzo somshini ekuphuzeni ubisi ukuze uhlukanise zibe izingxenyana, ukwandise ukuhlangana komzimba kanye ne-homogeneity yesigaba esinamafutha, futhi ulungiselele ukuthola isilinganiso esifanayo nengxenyana enkulu yezinto ezinamafutha nezomile. 
Ukuhlukanisa ubisi
Inqubo yokuhlukanisa ukuhlukaniswa ubisi kumhlukanisi we-rotator kuma-fat-fat and low-fat products. Ama-globules amafutha ashukunyiswa enkabeni, lapho afakwa khona engaphandle futhi aqoqwe ngendlela yekhilimu, futhi isiphuzo esingenanoni sinciphisa.
Zijwayeze ngezinhlobo kanye nemigomo yokusebenza kwama-separator ebisi.Ukusebenza kwenqubo kuxhomeke ku:
- ukushisa okushisa;
- isivinini sedrama;
- ukusebenza kwehlukanisi;
- i-asidi ye-liquid;
- ukungcola;
- ubukhulu nobukhulu bama-globules amafutha;
- ukuphathwa kwangaphambili;
- ingxenyana enkulu yamafutha;
- isibalo kanye ne-viscosity.
Kubalulekile! Ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokuhlukanisa ngezikhathi ezimbili, kunconywa ukushisa ubisi ku-45 ° C. Ukushisa okuphakeme kuzokwandisa izinga lokuchoboza ama-globules amafutha futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamafutha kuzonakele.
Ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa okuvamile, ungathola ukhilimu ngokuqukethwe kwamafutha angu-55%.
Indlela yokuhlukanisa ubisi ekhaya: ividiyo
I-homogenization
I-homogenization yindlela yokubhujiswa ngokuphelele kwama-globules amafutha anesisindo esingaphezu kuka-140 nm futhi ingxenye yamaphrotheni. Inhloso yale ndlela yokwelapha iwukuba uvimbele ukuxoshwa kwamanye amafutha okuzenzekelayo futhi ulondoloze i-homogeneity yomkhiqizo ngaphandle kokuqothulwa.
Ukwenziwa kahle kwe-homogenization:
- ukwandisa impilo yeshekeli yemikhiqizo yobisi;
- ilawula izimpawu zesakhiwo nezindlela;
- ithuthukisa ukunambitheka komkhiqizo.
Thola ukuthi yini okwakhiwa ubisi lweenkomo.I-homogenizers ephezulu yokucindezela i-valve ithandwa kakhulu, eyakha umphumela omkhulu. Ukusebenza kwe-homogenization kuncike kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- amazinga okushisa;
- izimfanelo nokubunjwa kwesiphuzo;
- ukucindezela.
- isiteleka esisodwa;
- isinyathelo ezimbili.
Ubisi olunomsoco luyisibonelo esilula somkhiqizo wobisi olungekho homogenized;
Ukuze unganciphisi ukusebenza ngale ndlela, kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi i-acidity esiphuzweni ayikhuphuki, ngoba kulesi simo kunciphisa amaprotheni ukuzinza nokwakhiwa kwamagciwane amaprotheni futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kunzima ukuchoboza ama-globules amafutha.
Ukushisa (okushisa)
Namuhla ekhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo yobisi basebenzisa lezi zinhlobo zokwelapha okushisa:
- i-pasteurization;
- i-thermalization;
- Ukushisa;
- inzalo.
Thola ukuthi yikuphi okuqukethwe kwe-fat nokubaluleka kobisi lwezinkomo kusho.
I-pasteurization
Okusemqoka kokuncelisa ukudla - ukugcina ubisi isikhathi esiningi ekushiseni okuthile, kunezinhlobo ezimbili:
- Ukushisa okuphansi, uma izinga lokushisa lingadluli 76 ° C;
- Ukushisa okuphezulu, lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela ezingeni lika-100 ° C.
Indlela yokunciphisa ubisi ekhaya: ividiyo
Kubalulekile! Ngenxa yokungasebenzi, ubisi alukwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside. Esikhathini esiqandisini, impilo yesikhala esinezinsuku ezimbalwa, futhi ekamelweni lokushisa - amahora ambalwa kuphela.
Ukushisa
Ukwenziwa kwe-thermalisation kuyinkqubo yokwelashwa okwenziwa ekushiseni kwama-65 ° C. Isikhathi sokuchayeka siyi-30 imizuzwana. Lesi sikhathi sanele, kodwa umsebenzi we-alkaline phosphatase ugcinwa esiphuzweni. Izenzo ezinjalo zenziwa ekufeni kwe-microchlora ye-psychrotrophic, okungaba nomthelela omubi ekukhiqizeni kwezilwane ezilandelayo.
Futhi, le nqubo ibangela ukwehliswa kwe-microflora ye-spore-forming, "umsebenzi" oholela ekubukeni kweziphambeko ushizi phakathi nokuvuthwa kwayo. Kodwa-ke, ukushisa kwe-thermalization akuqedi ngokuphelele i-microflora eyingozi, ngakho-ke ukuphuza ubisi kudinga ukunakekelwa ngendlela efanele.
Ukushisa
Ukushisa kuyinkqubo yokubamba ubisi, okwenziwa ekushiseni okufika ku-100 ° C amahora amathathu, futhi ekushiseni kuka-105 ° C imizuzu engu-15.
Kulo modi, izinguquko ezilandelayo zenzeka esakhiweni somkhiqizo:
- whey amaprotheni ayededatured;
- amavithamini abhujiswa;
- kwandisa ingxenyana enkulu yamafutha;
- waphuphuka ingxenye yamanzi.
Thola ukuthi kungani ubisi oluvela kwenkomo luba buhlungu.Ngenxa yalokho, inani lezinto eziphilayo zobisi liyancipha, kodwa lithola ukunambitheka kokunambitheka nokunuka, kanye ne-cream noma umthunzi omnyama okhanyayo.
Ukushisa ubisi ekhaya: ividiyo
Inzalo
Inzalo iyasebenza ekushiseni okungaphezu kuka-100 ° C - ubisi lugcinwa kule mode cishe cishe isigamu sehora. Ngemuva kokuba isiphuzo siphelile, silahlekelwa izakhi eziningi, kodwa sithola impilo enhle.
Inqubo yokuzalisa inzalo ihlanganisa ama-schemes amabili:
- Isiteleka esisodwa. Kule ndlela, ukwelashwa okushisa kwenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa. I-liquid iphathwa nge-steam ngezinga lokushisa lika-140 ° C. Ukuvezwa kweminye imizuzwana embalwa, khona-ke isiphuzo sithunyelwa ekamelweni lokuphumula, lapho libhotshwe khona emaphaketheni oyinyumba.
- Isigaba ezimbili. Inikeza inzalo ejulile. Ihlukaniswe ibe inzalo yokuqala kanye nokuphindaphindiwe.
Kubalulekile! Inzalo ende iholela ekubhujisweni cishe wonke amavithamini akhona emkhiqizo omusha webele. Amafutha ayingxenye ye-hydrolyzed, enikeza isiphuzo ukunambitheka okumnandi nokunuka.
Inzalo iyabulala wonke amabhaktheriya nama-microbes, ngemuva kokuba ubisi olunjalo bokucubungula lungagcinwa cishe izinyanga ezingu-6. 
Imikhiqizo yokucubungula ubisi
Ukucubungula ubisi kuveza imikhiqizo equkethe izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ezinamandla amancane nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwamanoni noshukela.
Funda ukuthi unquma kanjani amanzi ebisi.
I-Buttermilk
I-Buttermilk i-cream ephansi yamafutha, okuyi-by-product ekwenzeni ibhotela.
Izakhiwo zalo mkhiqizo zithembele ku:
- amafutha ne-asidi ukhilimu;
- izimo zokwelapha ukushisa.
I-Buttermilk ithuthukisa imisebenzi yokuzivikela yomzimba, isiza isibindi ukuqeda ubuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvamile ukusebenza kwamathumbu, isisu, kunomphumela omuhle enhliziyweni, amazinyo ngisho namathambo. 
I-Serum
I-Whey iyatholakala ngokukhiqizwa ushizi, i-cottage shizi, i-casein kanye neprotheni yobisi. Ubuningi bayo bufinyelela ku-80% ngobuningi bomkhiqizo wokuqala.
I-serum iqukethe wonke amavithamini angenawo amanzi, ingasetshenziswa kokubili ukusetshenziswa ngqo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene:
- whey kvass;
- isiphuzo se-acidophilus;
- ekubhaka;
- ekwakheni izithasiselo zokudla.
Uyazi? Ngaphambilini, ukuze kulondolozwe ubisi esimweni sawo sokuqala isikhathi eside, inhlayiya yafakwa kuyo.
Ukubunjwa kucebile ngamavithamini ahlukahlukene, i-calcium, kanye namaminerali abalulekile we-phosphorus ne-magnesium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagama angaphezu kuka-200 wezinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo zikhona ku-serum, ezithinta kakhulu imisebenzi yazo zonke izinhlelo kanye nezitho zomzimba womuntu. 
I-Kefir
I-Kefir iyiphuzo lokuncelisa ubisi oluvutha kabili. Lungisa i-kefir ngokubilisa ubisi noma isikhunta se-sourdough kefir. I-Sourdough iyi-symbiosis yenani elikhulu lama-microorganisms, ama-lactic acid stick, ama-acetic acid amabhethri nemvubelo.
Ukuqala kwendalo kuyilungele kanje:
- isikhunta sageza ngamanzi afudumele;
- efakwe embizeni yeglasi;
- wathululelwa abilisiwe bese ehlile ubisi olungama-20 ° C. Inani kufanele libe kanje: 1 g wefungi - 80 g ubisi.
- ngemuva kokuthi ihlungiwe ngesihlungo;
- i-fungus ihlanjululwa iphinde ithululelwe inani elifanayo lokuphuza ubisi;
- emva kosuku esiqandisini, isiphuzo esibangelwayo sibe yisimvu sekhrimu omuncu.
Thola ukuthi kungani ubisi lwenkomo luveza iphunga elimnandi.I-Kefir ilungiselelwe kanje:
- Ubisi ubilisiwe bese bukhohliwe ku-25 ° C.
- Thela izitsha ezihlanzekile.
- Yenza imvubelo ngamathani ayisipuni amathathu nge 250 ml ubisi.
- Ngemuva kokubonakala kwe-clot, isiphuzo silahliwe ku-10 ° C.
- Shiya izinsuku ezingu-3.
- Jabulela umkhiqizo wemvelo.
Koumiss
I-Kumis ngumkhiqizo wobisi wasendulo ovuthayo. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakhiqizwa ubisi lwe-mares futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi isiphuzo samaqhawe, nanamuhla senziwa ngempumelelo ngotshani lwezinkomo. I-Koumiss iyinhlanganisela e-blue-tedish nge-sweet tart taste.
Inqubo yokupheka yesimanje ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili, ukuze umkhiqizo ungasheshi ngokushesha futhi ube nokubukeka okukhangayo nakakhulu:
- Okokuqala, ukuvutshelwa kwe-lactic acid kwenziwa, okwenza kube yi-yogurt.
- Ngemuva kokungezwa kwemvubelo, ukugcoba kutholakala ngokuvutshelwa ngokweqile.
Funda izinzuzo zobisi ngegalikhi, ubisi nesinamoni.
Ungabheka ukuphuza kwesiphuzo ngosizo lokuvuthwa okuvamile, okwathi ngemva kwalokho kutholakala ukufana okungafani kahle. Njengoba ucwaningo lubonisa, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, ukwakheka kwama-enzyme akhethekile, ahlukaniswa yizindawo eziphakeme ze-bactericidal, kwenzeka.
Ividiyo: kanjani ukupheka i-koumiss ekhaya I-Koumiss isetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinkinga ngamaphaphu, inhliziyo, isisu, kanye ne-beriberi, ukuphazamiseka kwemithi, izinzwa kanye nerasthenia.
Njengoba ubona, umsebenzi webhizinisi lobisi kuyinkqubo ehlukumezayo, kepha uma ulandela zonke izindinganiso zokucubungula, awukwazi ukuthola inzuzo enhle, kodwa nobisi, kanye nemikhiqizo yesibili yokucubungula izinga eliphezulu.
