Nakuba izinkabi ze-musk ziyisihlobo esiseduze sezinkomo nezimbuzi ezivamile, lesi silwane sibukeka njengesihambi esingavamile kusukela esidlule. Ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kanye nezici eziyiqiniso ekutheni kuyasikhumbuza kanjani isikhathi esiyisikhathi eside esidlule seminyaka yeqhwa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, izinkabi ze-musk esikhathini sethu ziye zasakazeka endaweni enkulu futhi ngeke zife.
Ubani inkomo ye-musk
Izinhlanzi zanamuhla ze-musk (igama lawo lesibili ezithandwa kakhulu) zivela emfuleni we-Himalayas kuya ensimini yeSiberia yanamuhla nasenyakatho ye-Eurasia, isizalo, esasiqedwa lapho sekuqala ukufudumala ePleistocene ngasekugcineni. Ngemva kwesikhashana, izinkabi ze-musk zaqala ukushisa ngokushisa nezinye izizathu eziningi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izinga lokushisa e-Far North lamukeleka kubo, babesakwazi ukuqhubeka nokuphila, ngisho nemigqa emihle, ezinsukwini zethu.
Uyazi? Naphezu kwegama lesibili lalezi zilwane - inkomo yama-musk, imizimba yabo ayifuni futhi ingakaze ibe nama-musk glands.
Kukholelwa ukuthi endaweni yendawo yakhona (Alaska, ingxenye yeGreenland kanye nesiqhingi phakathi kwabo) ama-musk oxen aphume ngenxa yokufuduka ngenxa yokufudumala. Bahamba baya emaceleni lapho izinga lokushisa lizinzile khona futhi ekugcineni baphela ensimini abahlala kuyo eBridge landridge, kuqala ukuya eNyakatho Melika bese eGreenland. 
Isayensi yanamuhla inezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo zezilwane - i-Ovibos moschatus moschatus kanye ne-Ovibos moschatus wardi, enemibono engaphandle yangaphandle. Zonke ezinye izilinganiso zokuqhathanisa zifana; zasendle, ziyakwazi ngisho nokuhlala emhlambini ofanayo.
Funda futhi ngezinkunzi zasendle emvelo.
Ukubukeka
Ukubukeka kwezinkabi ze-musk kwakhiwa ngaphansi kwethonya lesimo sezulu esinzima. Yonke imininingwane yenzeke ngenxa yokujwayela isikhathi eside futhi yenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuhlala isikhathi eside ezimweni ezibandayo. Isibonelo, azikho izingxenye ezibukhali zomzimba ngaphezu komzimba - lokhu kunciphisa inqubo yokudlulisa ukushisa.
Lezi zilwane zibizwa ngokuthi i-dimorphism yobulili. Okokuqala, izimpondo zabesilisa zinamandla kakhulu futhi zikhulu kunabesifazane. Futhi, abesifazane bangahlukaniswa nendawo ye-fluff emhlophe, ephakathi kwezimpondo, nokungabikho kokuqina phansi. 
Izinkomba zesilisa:
- ukuphakama kumile - 130-140 cm;
- isisindo - 250-650 kg.
Izinkomba zabesifazane:
- ukuphakama kubunzima - cishe akudluli 120 cm.
- isisindo - ayidluli u-210 kg.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuba izinkabi ze-musk ezihlala ezimweni zasemapulazini, ubukhulu obukhulu buyisici: abesilisa bafinyelela ku-650 kg, abesifazane abangu-300 kg.
Izici zokubukeka:
- Inhloko inezilinganiso ezinkulu. Kusukela phansi kwebunzi kuvela isibalo sokuqala ekuqaleni, bese siphuma futhi siphuma ezimpondweni. Amacilongo awasetshenzisiwe eminyakeni eyisithupha yokuqala yokuphila futhi asetshenziswa ngokujulile yizilwane ukuvikela izilwane ezimbi futhi zilwa.
- Amehlo ahlelwe nge-symmetrically, iningi ngokuvamile elimnyama.
- Izindlebe zama-musk izinkabi zincane (kufika ku-6 cm).
- Endaweni yebhantshi lehlombe, izinkabi ze-musk zinomzimba ofana ne-hump, i-scruff, ekhoneni elibushelelezi liphenduka libe yinqwaba ephansi.
- Ama-Limbs aqinile; izimpande zinde kunama-front, okudingekayo ukuhamba ezimweni zezintaba.
- Izintaba zishintsha futhi ziyizinselo, ezinobumba obubushelelezi, ubukhulu obukhulu kanye nomumo ohlangene, obunziwe. Izinselo ezibekwe emilenzeni yangaphambili zikhulu kakhulu kunezingemuva.
- Lezi zilwane zinomsila, kodwa zifushane kakhulu (kuphela ngo-15 cm) futhi zifihliwe ngokuphelele ngaphansi koboya.
Izimpawu zoboya
Izinkabi ze-Musk - abanikazi beboya obude kakhulu obukhulu, obunokushisa okukhulu okushisa (izikhathi eziyisithupha ezifudumele kunezimvu). Lo mhlaba unikeza okuthiwa i-Giviot - eqinisweni, yiboya okwesibini, okukhulayo ngaphansi koqweqwe lwaphezulu futhi nesakhiwo sibe mncane kuno-cashmere. Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwenkathi efudumele, isethwe kabusha, futhi ngesikhathi sokupholisa okusha ikhula futhi.
Uyazi? Izakhamuzi zasemakhaya ezindaweni ezakhiwe yizinkabi zasendle ze-musk ziqoqa i-giviot ephonswe yizo ehlobo futhi ziyisebenzisele ukuhweba nemisebenzi yezandla.
Umbala woboya uvame ukumelelwa umthunzi onsundu noma omnyama. Kungenzeka ukuthi inhlanganisela engahlosiwe yama-shades ahlukene ala mbala, kodwa kaningi izinwele ezimnyama ngemuva ziyancipha kancane kancane, ziphenduka zibe mnyama eduze nemilenze. Isikhwama sifihla umzimba ngokugcwele, sichaza kuphela izimpondo, impumulo, izindebe nezinselo. Ubude obukhulu bejazi bubekwe entanyeni, kanti ubuncane - emilenzeni. 
Esikhathini esifudumele, uboya obunzima bokuqala buba bufushane kakhulu kunobusika (ngokulinganisa izikhathi ezingu-2.5) ngenxa yenqubo yokuchitha. Ukugeleza kwe-molting kuncike ekutheni kunjani izinga lesimo sezulu nesisekelo sokudla. Ama-musk asebekhulile nabesifazane abakhulelwe, njengomthetho, baqeda ukuchitha isikhathi eside kunabo abafowabo. Esikhathini esingaphansi kwesigaba esisebenzayo, izinwele zenguquko zokuqala zenzeke unyaka wonke. 
Kuphi, endaweni yendawo engokwemvelo ehlala kuyo
Esikhathini sezulu esishisayo, izinkabi azikwazi ukuhlala ngokujwayelekile, njengoba i-undercoat izohlala idala ukushisa okukhulu. Yingakho indawo eyodwa kuphela efanelekayo kuwo wonke umhlaba. Futhi ngenxa yezici ezinjengokuthi imilenze nezinselo, indawo enezintaba nezintaba iyakulungele kakhulu izinkabi ze-musk.
Indawo yamanje yemvelo inqunyelwe entshonalanga nasempumalanga yeGreenland nasenyakatho yeNyakatho Melika. Babuyiselwa naseziqhingini eziseduze, ezinendawo efanelekayo kanye nendawo yokudoba (enyakatho yeAlaska, eNunivak naseNelson Island), lapho bezizwa behle khona futhi manje bekhulile. 
Kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokwenza uhlangothi lwase-Iceland, eSweden naseNorway lube ne-oxen musk, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa abazange bathathe izimpande.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zezinkumbi: i-Asian, yase-Afrika.
Indlela yokuphila
Ekuziphatheni kwabo, izinkabi ze-musk ziningi ngezindlela eziningi ezifana nezimvu zasendle - okokuqala, sikhuluma mayelana nokufuduka kwenkathi yokudla. Ehlobo, bakhetha izindawo eziphansi ze-tundra nezigodi zemifula namachibi, ngoba kunezitshalo eziningi ezidliwayo lapho, futhi ebusika ziphakama ezintabeni. Lapho, umoya uvunguza iqhwa ukusuka emagqumeni kuze kube semhlabathini, okwenza ukudla kube lula kakhulu.
Kulezi zilwane indlela yokuphila enobumbano. Ehlobo, umhlambi ngamunye awunamakhanda angaba ngu-5-7, kanti ekuqaleni kwezinkomo ezincane zasebusika zihlangene zibe ezinkulu zabantu abayishumi namashumi ayisihlanu. Izinkabi ze-Musk zikhuphuka ngokuqhosha phezu kwezintaba, ngesikhathi esifanayo zithola futhi zidla utshani obusentabeni, izimbali nezihlahla. Ehlobo, izilwane ngokungafani zifuna ukudla nokuphumula, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube izikhathi ezingu-6-10 ngosuku. Esikhathini sokuqala kusukela ekwindla kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, isilwane sigijimela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo indawo yendawo yonke yomhlambi wezinkomo ayidluli ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-200 square. amakhilomitha 
Inkunzi yezinkomo noma insikazi ingase ihlanganyele ekufuneni indawo entsha yokudla emhlambini, kodwa ezimweni eziyingozi (isimo esibi sezulu, ukuhlasela kwezilwane, njll), inkunzi yezinkomo ihlala ithatha. Njengomthetho, umhlambi uhamba kancane kancane futhi uhamba kancane, noma kunjalo, uma kunesidingo, ungafinyelela ngesivinini esingama-40 km / h bese ugcine isikhathi eside.
Ebusika, iningi lezilwane liphumula, limba ukudla okudliwe ngosuku olulandelayo, futhi uma libanjwa ngesiphepho, libuyela emuva futhi lilindele.
E-India, kune-cow ye-zebu ephikisiwe, ehlukile ezinkomeni phambi kwesikhumba kanye neminyango phakathi kwemilenze yangaphambili. Njengenkomo yaseYurophu, i-zebu yaba umthombo wobisi nomsizi epulazini.
Yini edlayo
Izinkabi ze-Musk ziyizilwane ezinomsoco kuphela, ngakho-ke ububanzi bezintandokazi zabo ze-gastronomic buncane kakhulu: ziyizimbali, izihlahla ezincane nezihlahla, ama-lichen kanye nama-forbs. Ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kuye kwaphoqelela lezi zilwane ukuba zivumelane nezimo ezincane ze-Arctic forage base. Ngenxa yalokho, bafunde ukuphenya ngokucophelela nokugaya izitshalo ezomile ezifihlekile ngaphansi kweqhwa, ngoba wonke umnyaka we-arctic izitshalo ezintsha zitholakala kuphela emavikini ambalwa. 
Kuya Izitshalo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezisetshenziselwa kakhulu izitshalo ze-musk kufanele zifake:
- ukotini utshani;
- i-sedge;
- I-Astragalus;
- i-veinik;
- i-mytnik;
- i-bluegrass;
- lugovik;
- i-actrofil;
- i-dipontium;
- isomiso;
- i-foxtail;
- arktagrosisy.
Kubalulekile! Ngenkathi ama-musk izinkampani zivakashela izindawo lapho zithola khona amaminerali, ama-macro - kanye ne-micronutrient supplements - zemvelo usawoti ukhawula. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi esikhathini esingenqamu.
Ukuzala
Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwabesifazane kuvame ukufika ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwabo, kodwa kwezinye izimo bayakwazi ukukhulelwa ngokushesha ezinyangeni eziyi-15-17. Izinkunzi zingakwazi ukuchuma ngempumelelo abesifazane uma befinyelela eminyakeni engu-2-3 ubudala. Umnyaka ovundile wezinsikazi uhlala iminyaka engu-11-13. 
Ngokujwayelekile, ukubeletha kuletha ibhulo elilodwa kuphela, kodwa kungenzeka futhi ukubonakala kwamawele. Uma ngesikhathi sokudla kwabesifazane kwakunelisekile, uzokwazi ukuletha ama-1-2 cubs eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kuzokwenzeka okungaphezu konyaka.
I-gon yezinkabi ze-musk igijima kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, futhi inezigaba ezintathu:
- Qala. Abesifazane baqala i-estrus, futhi bavumela u-alume wesilisa ukuba aqale ukuhlambalaza nokushaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isigqi sesimanje sokusesha nokuphumula selahlekile, siqala ukubonisa ukuhlukunyezwa kwabanye abesilisa bese sakha ama-pair okuqala ngezinkomo. Ubude beli sigaba luyizinsuku ezingu-7-9.
- Ukuphakama. Kunezimbhangqwana eziningi ezakhiwa phakathi kwe-alfabhethi nabesilisa kusukela emhlambini wakhe. Bashada, emva kwalokho labo bobabili bahlukana.
- Ukulinda. Kancane kancane, izilinganiso zansuku zonke ze-alfabhethi zibuyela emuva evamile, futhi uyeka ukubonisa ukuhlukumeza kwabanye abesilisa.
Emhlambini omkhulu ngesikhathi se-rut, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuphikisana kwelungelo lokushada nomuntu wesifazane, kodwa ngalezi zikhathi abesilisa bavame ukulinganiselwa ekuboniseni usongo. Kuhilela uchungechunge lwezimpendulo eziphathekayo zokuziphatha:
- ikhanda lithinta ngezansi kwesitha;
- ukushaya umoya ngezimpondo;
- ukukhala;
- ukumba umhlabathi ngezinselo, njll.
Kuphela ngezinye izikhathi kufika empini, futhi ngokungafani kakhulu ukulwa okunjalo kungaphetha ngokufa komunye wabahlanganyeli.
Ukukhulelwa kwesilinganiso kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-8.5, kodwa lesi sikhathi singashintsha kancane kuye ngezimo zemvelo. Amathole amaningi azalwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Owesifazane okhulelwe cishe akakwazi ukuqaphela phakathi kwezinye izinkomo ngenxa yemvelo yamasaka nezinwele ezinde. Ukuziphatha okuhlukile kuphela - izinkomo ngaphambi kokubeletha ziphelile, zivame ukubalekela emaphethelweni ensimu yezinkomo. 
Inqubo yokulethwa ithatha imizuzu engu-5-30 kuphela. Isisindo esilinganisiwe sethole esizalwe ngu-8-10 kg. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amathole asanda kubalwa aneqhwa elibonakalayo elimnyama, elibahlinzeka ngokuvikeleka emakhazeni.
Ukudla kokuqala kwabesifazane kuyimizuzu engama-20-30 emva kokuzalwa kwe-cub. Ezinsukwini ezimbili zokuqala zokudla, njalo ihora lenzeke, ngamunye wabo uthatha imizuzu engu-1 kuya kwemi-10. Kusukela enyangeni eyodwa ubudala, kancane kancane intsha iya enotshani, futhi ngenyanga yesihlanu bayenqaba ngokuphelele ubisi lomama.
Isimo sabantu kanye nesondlo
Lapho ososayensi bemisa ukuthi inani lezinkabi ze-musk liyehla kancane kancane ngaphansi kwethonya lezici ezingazange ziqondwe ngokuphelele, kunqunywe ukuba zihambise futhi zisakaze ezindaweni ezifanele kakhulu lezi zilwane. Imizamo enjalo yenziwa e-Alaska, endaweni ye-tundra yaseRussia, iziqhingi zaseNunivak, iWrangel, eSweden naseNorway, lapho izimo zifana nendawo yazo yemvelo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuzingela ama-musk izinkampani akuvumelekile kuwo wonke amazwe asethuthukile. Amalayisensi wokuzingela awakhishwa ngenxa yokubulala kwabo, futhi noma yikuphi ukulimala ozokwenza kulezi zilwane kuzoshushiswa.
Izinkabi ze-Musk ziye zajwayela kuphela eSweden naseNorway - kuzo zonke ezinye izindawo zisekelwe kahle. Manje inani labo labantu alingaphansi kwabantu abangu-17-20 abayizinkulungwane futhi liyanda njalo. Ngakho-ke, isintu sikwazi ukuvimbela ukuqothulwa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ngosizo lwezenzo ezihlangene namandla omqondo wayo, manje esesigaba nesimo sokuzivikela "esibangela ukwesaba okungenani." 
Izitha zemvelo emvelweni
Izitha ezivame kakhulu kulezi zilwane zasendle ziyi:
- izimpisi;
- amabhere amhlophe namasundu;
- izilonda.
Lapho behlangana nobungozi, izilwane zivame ukungena emgodini, futhi, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amehlo, zishiya indawo yesidla. Kodwa-ke, uma uwathatha ngokumangazayo noma usike zonke izindlela zokubuyela emuva, zimi embuthanweni, zivikela abasha, futhi ziqale ukuzivikela okusebenzayo ngosizo lwezimpondo nezinselo. 
Uma kukhona impi nesilwane, abesilisa bajika baphendukela kumhlaseli, futhi ngemva kwesiteleka, babuyela emuva, babuyela endaweni yabo. Umhlambi wezinkomo nawo uhambela owesilisa, ukuze akwazi ukubuyela ngokushesha embuthanweni. Kwaqaphela ukuthi lapho abazingeli bebethela lezi zilwane ngamabhomu, umhlambi umi, ubambe iqhaza lokuzivikela, kuze kube sekugcineni kwababameli bawo, ngaphandle kokushiya ama-comrades abo asele.
Inkomo yomuntu ne-musk
Umkhiqizo owusizo kakhulu owuthola kumuntu wezinkabi ze-musk ngokungangabazeki u-Giviot. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula izimboni, kutholakala izindwangu ezinhle kakhulu, ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokunciphisa nokushisa okushisayo. Ukuze uthole i-molt eyodwa, kungenzeka ukuqoqa cishe 2 kg wezinto ezisetshenziswayo eziyinhloko ezivela kwisilwane esikhulile. 
Ngaphambilini, izinkabi ze-musk zabulawa ukuze zithole inyama - inomsindo ozwakalayo we-musk futhi ifana nenkomo ezindaweni zayo ze-organoleptic. I-mutton enamafutha kwakungcono kokudla. Noma kunjalo, lo mkhuba usuqediwe manje.
Ividiyo: i-musk inkomo - inganekwane ephilayo ye-Ice Age
I-musk inkomo yayiyisibonelo sokuthi umuntu uyakwazi kanjani ukulondoloza izinhlobo ezihlukile eziphilayo eziphilayo, ukhathalela kabanzi mayelana nemvelo kunokuba nezinzuzo zayo. Manje laba bantu abaphila ngezikhathi ezincane abazisongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Mhlawumbe umphakathi wabo uzoqhubeka ukhula, uthuthukise izindawo ezinonya ezisenyakatho.
