Ukungena emzimbeni womuntu ngobisi kanye nenyama yenkomo, izimpethu azikwazi ukuzidela isikhathi eside futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo zibhubhise izitho zangaphakathi. Izinkomo zihlushwa ngamakhelwane abhubhane. Ukuze ugweme ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwawo, kanye nokufa kanye nezinkinga zempilo, umfuyi kufanele aqonde ukubonakaliswa komsebenzi obalulekile wezinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu, izindlela zokutheleleka kanye nokwelashwa. Esinye sezifo ezivame ukuhlasela ezinkomo yi-dictyocaulosis, okuzoxoxwa ngezansi ngezansi.
Kuyini iDictyocaulosis kuNkomo?
Lesi yisifo se-helminthic samagundane amancane nezinkulu, okubangelwa ama-nematodes we-parasitic yomndeni uDictyocaulidae. Ngesinye isikhathi esilwaneni semfuyo, lezi zifo eziphilayo zikhona ezindaweni ezihlala emasimini e-broncho-tracheal, okwenza umsebenzi wabo obalulekile ukuvimbela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwemfuyo, ukwehla okusheshayo komkhiqizo nokulahlekelwa kwemfuyo. Lesi sifo sisakaze kakhulu emaphandleni asenyakatho nasenkabeni yezwekazi lase-Eurasian, izibungu ze-dictyocaulus zibonakalisa kancane kancane ngokuzikhandla emazingeni aseningizimu.
Uyazi? Ngokusho kweWorld Health Organization, unyaka ngamunye umuntu ngamunye wesibili emhlabeni uthola igciwane lesinye sezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-helminths, okuholela e-enterobiosis (abantu abayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2), i-hookworm (izigidi ezingu-900) ne-trichocephalosis (kufika ku-700 million).
Umenzeli we-Causative nomjikelezo wokuthuthukiswa
Ngaphandle, imithi ye-parasitic ayinakuqhathaniswa kakhulu. Unomzimba omhlophe onamafutha omzimba obanzi obude obuyi-3 kuya ku-15 cm. Ngokusho komthethosisekelo wama-spicule nama-bursa izimbambo, izilwane zezilwane zihlukanisa izinhlobo eziningana zezimpungushe:
- Dictyocaulus filaria - kaningi ukuthelela izinkomo ezincane ezinomsoco, zibhekwa ngomzimba ka-dina kusuka ku-8 kuya ku-15 cm kanti ubukhulu obuvela ku-0.35 kuya ku-0, 60 mm, bunamasheya aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka anama-spicule kuze kufike ku-0.272 mm ubude kanye nezimbambo zangemva kwe-posterolateral;
- Dictyocaulus viviparus - ziyingcosana ngosayizi, ama-spicule abo abhekene namasayizi afanayo, kodwa angenalo uhlobo lokugcina impahla, izimpungushe ekugcineni komzimba azikho ukubunjwa okufana nebhokisi.
Ukujikeleza kokuphila kwezimpungushe zikaDictyocaulus viviparusUyazi? ERussia, izifo ze-helminth izifo zifana nokuvama kwesifo sofuba, kanti eYurophu wonke umuntu wesithathu unesifo.Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa + 20 ... +27 ° С nomoya womswakama ongaphezu kuka-55%, izibungu eziphambene nesipiliyoni zithola i-molt ephindwe kabili, ngemva kwalokho ziyangena. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-nematodes idinga kusuka ezinsukwini ezintathu ukuya kwezingu-10. Lapho i-thermometer yehla ngezansi + 10 ° C noma ikhuphuka ngenhla + 30 ° C, i-dictyocaulus ayifuni.
Umjikelezo wokuphila wamagciwane uyaqhubeka uma ugonywa yisilwane endaweni yokudlisa noma yokunisela. Ukuzitholela yena endaweni enhle, izifo eziphazamisayo futhi zikhetha iphethri yokuphefumula. Ingxenye yezibungu ezihlala emzimbeni wezinkomo ezithathelwanayo, kanye negazi ne-lymph, zisakaze emzimbeni wonke. Amapayipi ahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi i-nematodes igciwane le-bronchi. Ngemva kwenyanga, izibungu zivuthwa ngokobulili, ezivumela ukuba zikhiqize izizukulwane ezintsha.Imithombo nemizila yokutheleleka
Ukuze isigceme esinezimpondo sibe nesifo se-dictyocauline, kunelungelo lokuyiphuza ekumeni izimbiza ezingajulile, kanye nokondla ngotshani emadlelweni anamanzi. Ukusakazeka kwalesi sifo kuhambisana nemvula yemvelo, izikhukhula nezikhunta.
Kubalulekile! Esikhathini sokusebenza kwabo okubalulekile, izibungu ziveza izinto ezikhethekile - i-toxoids, okuyizinhlayiya ezinamandla nezifo..Kuqaphele ukuthi umsebenzi omkhulu we-dictyocauluses we-parasitic uqala ngasekupheleni kwehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuphakama okuphindaphindiwe okuphindaphindiwe kwenzeka engxenyeni yokuqala yentswasahlobo. Kuyisici ukuthi akukho ukutheleleka kokubili phakathi kwama-ruminants amancane nezinkulu. Izibungu ze-Helminthic zivame ukuthelela abasha bese zihlala emzimbeni wamathole cishe unyaka.
Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izingozi zokutheleleka ziphakeme ezindaweni ezilandelayo:- izikhukhula zemifula;
- amadlelo (ikakhulukazi emva kwamazolo noma imvula);
- amanani amancane, amachibi nezinye izikhumba;
- izihlahla ezinamathela (kufaka phakathi ne-paddock).
Izimpawu
Ama-Dictyocaulus ama-ruminants anezinhlobo ze-trophic, ezinobuthi, ezingenayo i-inoculatory ne-mechanical, futhi izibungu ezifudukayo zalezi zingu-nematodes zihlukaniswa nemiphumela ye-antigenic. Ezingxenyeni ezithintekayo, izinqubo zokuvuvukala ziqhubekela phambili, ngenxa yalokho ukukhulelwa kwegciwane lesandulela ngculazi kuyancipha futhi izifo ezithathelwanayo ezithathelwanayo zivela.
Kubalulekile! Ukuhlaziywa okunembile kunabo bonke izinhlobo zezibungu kanye nama-parasites ku-immunofermental, kunika impumelelo engama-90%, kodwa ukuxilongwa kwezifo ezibhekene ne-helminth emanzini akusiyo njalo imiphumela emihle.Ukuqaphela lesi sifo kungaba izibonakaliso ezilandelayo zomtholampilo:
- ukucindezeleka (kubangelwa ngesikhathi sokungena kwamaprotheni ukuya emangcwabeni emangcwabeni yendlela yokuphefumula);
- isifo sohudo;
- owomile, ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu (kuboniswa ngeviki lesithathu nesine lemisebenzi ebalulekile yezibungu);
- ukuphefumula;
- ukuphuma kwe-mucous-serous kusuka emakhaleni;
- ukushisa komzimba okwandisiwe kuya ku-40.5-41 degrees;
- ukukhathala;
- ukwenqaba ukudla noma ukufisa ukudla;
- ukulala phansi (ngokuvamile isilwane esigulayo sinezintambo, umlomo we-ajar nolimi ludluliselwa);
- umlomo omsulwa;
- imisindo yemisindo eyenziwa.
Izimpawu zomtholampilo ze-dictyocaulese Ingozi yezinkomo i-dithiocaoleosis ingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngendlela:
- i-bronchitis ye-perevascular;
- i-catarrhal pneumonia (enezifo ezincane zokugula);
- ukusabalalisa noma ukugxila kwe-bronchopneumonia ehlanzekile-necrotic (amafomu aqinile);
- i-asphyxia;
- i-pneumonia ye-catarrhal-purulent;
- ukutheleleka kwesibili.
Izinambuzane zivame ukuthelela izinkomo, ngakho kufanele wazi ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nezifo ezinjenge-teliasiosis, i-babesiosis, i-actinomycosis, i-cysticercosis.
Ukuhlonza
Ngokusola okuncane kakhulu kwe-helminthiasis, izilwane zezilwane zihlaziya amasampula endle yakhe ngokwemigomo ye-Berman-Orlov ukuze uthole izimbangela zangempela zokukhathazeka kwesilwane. Futhi, izimpungushe ze-dictacaulaus zingatholakala ngokusiza ucwaningo besebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-larvoscopic elula. 
Ochwepheshe bathi izifo-mzimba zizobonakala ngisho nasesehlweni, uma amaconsi ambalwa esisombululo se-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka afakwa kwi-slide yesilayidi. Ukubukeza kwabo, isidakamizwa sishukumiswa futhi isigamu sesibindi esincane sombala ophuzi olubomvu sibonakala esakhiweni sengilazi. Ngokufanayo, amanye ama-nematode awadabuki.
Uyazi? I-UN ikholelwa ukuthi izinkomo zenza umonakalo omkhulu emvelweni yemvelo kunokuba izimoto nezindiza zithathwe ndawonye. Isikhundla esinjalo sichazwa ngokukhululwa kwamagesi we-artiodal, okuyinto kanye nomquba wezinkomo ophethe i-third of greenhouse methane. Ishisa umhlaba izikhathi ezingu-20 ngokushesha kune-carbon dioxide..Lapho kutholakala lesi sifo, izimpawu ezijwayelekile zicatshangelwa. Ukuba khona kwe-dictyocaulese kuboniswa ngokucacile ngokugeleza kwempumu nokukhwehlela okubuhlungu.
Esimweni lapho impilo isindisa izinkomo kwehlulekile, a autopsy kwenziwa. I-Nematode izibungu zibonakala ngenkathi kuhlolwa i-trachea ne-alveoli e-bronchial.
Izinguquko zesifo
Njengoba ama-parasite ahlala ezithombeni zokuphefumula, i-bronchi ne-trachea yabo ithinteka kakhulu emsebenzini wabo obalulekile. Ngezinyoni ezigciwane lesandulela ngculazi, lokhu okulandelayo okufakwe emzimbeni wesidumbu kubonisa isifo:
Izidakamizwa ezindala D. izilwane eziphilayo ezincelweni zezinkomo ezigulayo
- ukukhathala;
- ukuphelelwa yisifo sezinambuzane ezibonakalayo ezibomvu;
- ukutholakala kwe-transudate esifubeni nasesiswini somzimba;
- usayizi owandayo wamaphaphu;
- ukuguquka kwesidlo, ukukhwabanisa, "ukukhwabanisa" nombala ompunga obukhulu wezindawo ezithintekayo;
- i-foamy fluid ku-lumon bronchial, lapho izidumbu ezinamafutha zihlala khona;
- ukutholakala kwe-foci yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuxilonga;
- i-atelectasis;
- i-alveolar emphysema;
- ukwanda okunamandla kwe-bronchial and lymph nodes;
- i-hypermia ye-membrane emangcwabeni ye-trachea ne-bronchi (ngezinye izikhathi kunezibonakaliso zokugaya amanzi);
- ama-plugs angenawo ama-bronchi amancane naphakathi;
- i-bronchiolitis;
- i-peribronchitis.
Kubalulekile! Ekuvimbeleni i-dictyocaulosis ezinkampanini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza imisebenzi yokuvuselela imifula: ukutshala kwamadlelo amaxhaphozi namaphansi, inhlangano yamadlelo amasiko, ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokunisela. Imilenze yamanzi emithonjeni kufanele ibe bushelelezi, ngaphandle kwemigodi, eyomile, enomhlabathi oqinile, kanye namabhange emzimbeni wamanzi wemvelo kufanele aqiniseke, ngendlela elula.
Ukwelashwa okuphelele
Ukuqeda izimpungushe ezinamaphilisi akulula kakhulu. Ukwenza lokhu, inani labantu linenkinga yokuhlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco nokunisela, ukuhlomisa isikhala ngokuhambisana nezidingo zezilwane, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezidakamizwa. Cabangela zonke izinyathelo ngokulandelana.
Funda ukuthi ungayithola kanjani izinyosi ezivela ezinkomeni.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Into yokuqala okudingeka uyiqaphele ukuhlanzeka kwesikhalazo, okuyikhaya lamagceke ama-horned. Uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, ochwepheshe bayeluleka ukuqala izinyathelo zokwelapha ngokuvimbela igciwane kanye nemishini yesevisi:
- Izilwane zithinteka okwesikhashana ukuya ekuhambeni noma kwenye into echithekayo, futhi nazo zonke izinto ezikhishwayo zenziwa.
- Emva kwalokho, udoti, umanyolo kanye nokudla okusalayo kusuka kulabo abaxhasi bahlanza.
- Kusukela epulazini ngaphansi kwengcindezi ejulile yamanzi afudumele bahlanza ipeni, baqaphele ikakhulukazi izingosi ezingcolile, izikhonkwane nezinye izindawo ezilukhuni. Uma kunesidingo, sebenzisa ama-detergents nama-brush.
- Lapho amanzi ekamelweni emile (lokhu kufanele kwenzeke ngokwemvelo), izindonga nezansi zixoshwa besebenzisa i-blowtorch, ephethe idivaysi imizuzu embalwa. Le ndlela ihambisana nezindawo zamapulangwe nezamatshe. Izakhiwo zensimbi ziphathwa ngamakhemikhali. Abanikazi abaningi bahlanganisa ukunambitha nokwelashwa okwalandela ngamalungiselelo e-chlorine. Ngemuva kwezindonga ezomile, kuyisifiso sokucwilisa i-lime, okuzosiza ukugwema ezinye izifo.
- Ungakhohlwa ukuhlanza ngokuphelele bonke abaxhasi nabaphuzayo, kanye namafosholo, amafoloko.
Uyazi? Izinkumbi nezinkomo ziye zaba yizimbangela ekuziphendukeleni kwemvelo. Konke kwaqala ngokuthi lezi zilwane azikwazanga ukugijimela ngokushesha, zazingenayo imfucumfucu nemifino. Ngenxa yalezi zici zenyama, ama-horned amakhulu ayefuna izindlela ezintsha zokudla. Okukwamukeleka kakhulu kubo kwakuwukuhlakumeza nokuqeda kancane kancane inyamazane endaweni enokuthula.Egumbini elomile elingavikelekile, iphansi limbozwe ungqimba lwe-10-cm we-straw fresh, peat noma sawdust. Udoti unconywa ukuba ushintshwe nsuku zonke, ususe udoti lwezinkomo. Ungavumeli amawadi ahlose ukunyathela indle yawo.
Ukuze impilo yezinkomo nezinkunzi, kubalulekile ukuthi kune-microclimate egodini:
- ukushisa umbuso - + 5 ... + 15 ° С;
- umswakama - 60-70%;
- ukushintshaniswa kwe-air - i-cent centner yesisindo esibukhoma esingu-17 cu. m / h;
- izinga lokujikeleza umoya - 0.5 m / s;
- carbon dioxide concentration - 0.25%, ammonia - 20 mg / cu. m
Ukupha kanye nokuphuza ngokufanele
Njengoba izimpungushe ze-nematode zihamba ezindaweni ezinotshani futhi zikhetha indawo enomanzi, abalimi kumele baqaphele emadlelweni ezindaweni ezisemaphandleni nasezintabeni. Ukudla kancane kancane ensimini efanayo yezinkomo, izimbuzi nezimvu nakho kuyinto engathandeki kakhulu.
Uyazi? I-Worms, ukungena kumgudu wokugaya, ukuze ungagciniwe, faka izinto ezikhethekile - anti-enzymes ezibavikelayo.
Kubalulekile ukuthi izilwane zihlinzeke ngokudla okunomsoco, okuzosiza ekuzivikelweni okunamandla. Emgodini kufanele uthole ukudla okusha kanye nekhwalithi kuphela. Abalimi abaningi bahlwanyela ama-patch of vetch, alfalfa noma i-clover ngamagceke abo amahhashi. Futhi ukuze izinkomo zithole wonke amavithamini namaminerali adingekayo, ziwusondla nge-silage yokhula, ama-fodders ahlanganisiwe, okusanhlamvu ka-brewer, i-bran, i-fodder mixtures nama-premixes.
Emadlelweni nasegodini, isilwane kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi sibe nokufinyelela kwamanzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ihlanzekile. Futhi ngenxa yalokhu udinga ukugeza abaphuza njalo futhi uthele kuwo umkhiqizo wekhwalithi. Akuvumelekile ukuthi inkomo ibone ngaphandle kwesikhumba. 
Ukuze inhlangano yokudla okunempilo, abalimi abanolwazi bayeluleka:
- Lapho ikamu ligcina izinkomo entwasahlobo, ulethe amathole emakamu afakwe kude nemikhakha, amadlelo nezinye izindawo zezindlu zamaqembu amadala ezinkomo.
- Kunconywa ukushayela noma uhlelo lwe-herd-cell sheding system ngokushintsha kwesikhashana kwedlelo. Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo, iziqephu kufanele zishintshwe ezinsukwini ezingu-10-12, futhi njengoba kusetshenziselwa ukufudumala - ezinsukwini ezingu-5-6, ngoJulayi - ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4. Ukudla kabusha ezindaweni ezithathelwanayo kuvunyelwe emva kwezinyanga ezingu-2-3 kuphela.
- Ukudliwa kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izindawo zokudla lapho kungekho izinkomo ezithathelwanayo ezigcinwe kusukela ngoSepthemba ngonyaka odlule.
- Lapho isitembu-sihamba lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, abanikazi bayadlulisela le ntsha baya endaweni engasodwa epulazini. Eduze izakhiwo emhlabathini owomileyo yenza igceke ngesilinganiso esingaphansi kuka-25 m² ngethole. Ama-venture kufanele ahlomele ama-sunshades, abanikazi bokuphuza neziphuzo.
Funda ngezifo ezivamile zezinkomo.
Izidakamizwa zezilwane
Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zokugaya izidakamizwa akunakwenzeka. Ungakwazi ukuxazulula le nkinga ngezidakamizwa ezilandelayo:
- "Loscuran" - imelela isixazululo samanzi angu-40%. Ukuze izinkomo, kunconywa ukuba usebenzise ngaphansi komthamo we-1.25 ml nge-10 kg wesisindo somzimba, izikhathi ezintathu ngosuku lokuqala, lwesibili nolwesine.
- Divezid - isisombululo esinomsoco sokuphatha okungaphansi. Izinkomo nezinkunzi, izidakamizwa zenziwa ngezinhloso zokuhlinzeka nge-prophylactic kanye nokwelapha ngomthamo we-1.5 ml nge-10 kg wesisindo esibukhoma, kodwa angaphezu kuka-20 ml ngesilwane ngasinye. Faka isicelo kabili ngesikhashana nsuku zonke.
- "Ditrazina citrate" - Isixazululo se-aqueous esingu-25%. Ijojelwa kancane kancane nge-2 ml yokulungiselela wonke ama-10 kg wesisindo somzimba (ukulungiselela okomile ka-0.05 g / kg), izikhathi ezintathu (ngosuku lokuqala, lwesibili nolwesine).
- "I-aluminium iodide i-aerosol" - Isidakamizwa esingavamile esetshenziselwa ukugcoba izidakamizwa ngokwezindlela zeLolarev. Ngalesi sizathu, izinkomo nezinkunzi zigcinwa emoyeni we-aerosol isigamu sehora. Ukuqeda ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo kwenziwa kabili, ukwelapha - izikhathi ezintathu nge-interval of days 2-3.
- "I-Diktifug" - Isixazululo samanzi angu-20%. Isetshenziswa kancane ngaphasi komthamo we-15 mg nge-1 kg wesisindo sethole, injected ngosuku lokuqala, lwesibili nolwesine.
Kubalulekile! Ngemuva kwe-prophylactic and therapeutic ye-antihelmintic intake, izilwane zezilwane zeluleka ukuba zingavumeli izinkomo ukuba zidle ukudla izinsuku ezingu-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukususa njalo i-excreta bese uyilahla ngokucophelela.
Iodine
Lena yindlela engabizi kakhulu yokugulisa. Ngalesi sizathu, kuyadingeka ukuthi ulungiselele isisombululo esikhulu se-iodine esinqunyiwe ngokulingana okulandelayo:
- Iodine ye-crystalline - 1 g;
- iodide ye-potassium - 1.5 g;
- amanzi acwecwe noma abilisiwe - 1 l.
Isixazululo esiphelile sijojowe ngezansi njengemjovo engxenyeni engenhla ye-trachea. Kule nkinga, inkomo kufanele ihlale endaweni ehamba phambili engxenyeni ka-30 °. Ngosuku olulandelayo, ingxenye entsha ye-iodine i-anthelmintic ijojowe ngaphesheya kwentamo.
Ukungahleleki kwalendlela yokudakwa kusetshenziswa isikhathi esiningi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, emapulazini amakhulu asisetshenzisiwe.
Ukuvimbela
Noma yisiphi isifo kulula ukuvimbela kunokwelapha. Ngakho-ke, uma kwenzeka izinkombandlela, izinyathelo zokuzivikela ezifika ngesikhathi zibaluleke kakhulu. Kulokhu, ochwepheshe batusa lokhu okulandelayo:
- Zonke izinyanga ezintathu zokwenza izidakamizwa zokuvimbela izinkomo ngokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa zemithi yokwelashwa. Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe ezifuywayo ezingasebenzi, eziphelile.
- Ukuqapha njalo ikhwalithi yamanzi nokudla, okudla izinkomo. Kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa ukudla.
- Ukuhlanza okwesikhashana igumbi, eliqukethe izinkomo nezinkomo, ukuqapha ukuhlanzeka nokusiza ukuthuthukisa imfuyo.
- Emadlelweni kufanele anakekele ilungiselelo lokunisela, kanye nokuvikela amadlelo angcolile. Kulokhu, imisebenzi ephumelelayo yokuthuthukisa umhlaba.
- Yenza ushintsho olulandelanayo lokudla noma ukudla mahhala "Fenothiazine."
Kubalulekile! Uma kutholakala izimpawu ze-dictiocaulese, kudingekile ukuthi kuqhutshwe ukubola kwe-universal, uma kunesidingo, ukuphinda uyenze ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12.Теперь вы знаете, что представляет собой гельминтозное заболевание диктиокаулёз, чем опасны для травоядных личинки диктиокаулюсов, как определить и вылечить болезнь. Izinyathelo zokuzivikela kuzosiza ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi sifo emndenini wakho.
