ICalceolaria - ukutshala nokunakekela ekhaya, izinhlobo zezithombe

ICalceolaria (iCalceolaria) - izimbali eziqhakaza umhlobiso noma i-decubuous, i-herbaceous noma i-shrub, ezihlobene nomndeni I-Narichnikovs. INingizimu Melika, ngesimo sayo sezulu esifudumele nesinomswakama, iyindawo okuzalelwa kuyo i-calceolaria. Ngokuya ngezimo ezahlukahlukene nezemvelo, kukhulela kusiko lonyaka nokwezifiso zonyaka.

Ukukhula kwezitshalo ezimweni zemvelo - kuze kufike ku-60 cm. Kuhlakulelwe, izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zokutshala kwasekhaya zibonakala ngokukhula okuphansi (20-30 cm). Imvelaphi yeCalceolaria negama kuhlotshaniswa nokwakheka kwalembali. "Njengesicucu" - ukuhunyushwa kwegama ngokuhunyushwa kusuka kwisiLatin.

Izimbali eziningi zemibala egqamile, egcwele ukugcwala ibukeka umxhwele kakhulu futhi yinhle kunoma yiliphi igumbi. Kodwa-ke, i-calceolaria yisiko elingathandeki nelifunayo futhi hhayi wonke umlimi ongakwazi ukulisebenzisa.

Bona nokuthi ungakhula kanjani i-acalifa yangaphakathi ne-bilbergia.

ICalceolaria: ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya. Kafushane

Ukudala i-microclimate ethile kuyisihluthulelo sezimbali eziphumelelayo, njengoba isitshalo sisabela ngokushesha ezintweni ezingezinhle:

Ukunakekelwa kweCalceolaria ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Izimbali ze-calceolaria

Isikhathi sezimbali sivame ukuwa ngoMeyi-Septhemba, kepha ubude besikhathi nokuqala kwayo kuncike esikhathini sokuhlwanyela imbewu kanye nemibandela yokuboshwa. Isihlahla esinempilo egumbini elipholile sinokubukeka kwe-chic nephunga elimnandi. Izimbali zezinhlobonhlobo zezinto ezihlukile ziyehluka ngesimo nangombala, kepha imvamisa ziyi-nimbus enezindebe ezimbili kanye no-2,5 endebeni enamanzi amane.

Isindebe esingaphezulu siyindilinga esincane, izindebe eziphansi ziyi-pout enkulu. Ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kufana nesikhwama esivulekile noma isicathulo soqobo. Inani lezimbali ezikwi-inflorescence nobude bama-peduncle nazo zihlukile. Isihlahla esisodwa singaba nezimbali ezingama-30 kuye kwangama-50. Njengomphumela we-fertilization, kuvela izinhlamvu zembewu ezinenombolo enkulu kakhulu yembewu.

Ukuhamba ngemuva kokuthenga

Ukukhulisa i-calceolaria ekhaya isizini eyodwa, udinga ukufakelwa okukodwa, okwenziwa ngemuva kokutholwa kwesitshalo. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuthi ukhethe isilinganiso esifanele somthamo futhi uthuthukise umsoco wezitshalo.

Imodi yokushisa

Ukunakekela i-calceolaria ekhaya kuhlanganiswa nezidingo zayo zokushisa okukhona. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zezimbali eziningi, ezihlala isikhathi eside, zikhula ngaphansi kwezimo ezipholile, ezingatholakali njalo ezinsizeni zokuhlala. Ukushisa okunconyiwe:

• ntambama - akukho okuphezulu kune- + 20 ° C;
• ebusuku - akukho okuphezulu kune- + 15 ° С.

Izinga lokushisa lesikhathi sasebusuku lingehla laya ku + 10 ° C, futhi amazinga okushisa esikhathi sasemini angakhuphuka afike ku + 16 ° C. Lokhu kungcono kakhulu kunesimo sezulu esishisayo, lapho amahlamvu ewela khona, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali kuphela ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukufafaza

Isitshalo seCalceolaria ekhaya sidinga umswakama ophakeme kahle. Ungasigcina ngesidlidliza noma ngesifutho, kepha awukwazi ukusifafaza isitshalo uqobo, njengoba ama-corollas wezimbali elimele.

Isibani

Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kungadala ukusha futhi kuthande ama-inflorescence ngokushesha, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukuthi abe nomthunzi ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Ngaso leso sikhathi, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya okukhanya okukhanyayo nokukhanya kosuku olude. Ngenkathi, indawo ebhodweni ingashintshwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngokuya ngokukhanya.

Ngezimbali zasekwindla-zasebusika, i-calceolaria yasekhaya idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo.

Ukunisela iCalceolaria

Isimo somhlabathi kufanele sibe nomswakama olinganiselayo, ngaphandle kokuntengantenga kwamanzi. Ukuchelela kwenziwa emhlabathini, ngaphandle kokujulisa izimbali noma epanini, ngokususwa okulandelayo koketshezi ngokweqile. Gcina umswakama nge-moss emanzi, ubumba olwandisiwe noma i-peat cushion ezansi kwepani, lapho kufakwa khona imbiza.

Amanzi okunisela ayahlanzwa ngesihlungi noma ngomshini futhi afudunyezwe ekushiseni kwegumbi.

Ibhodwe leCalceolaria

Ukukhethwa kwembiza kuya ngesigaba sokutshala:

• imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezitsheni ezingaxutshwe nalutho, lapho embozwe ngesembozo noma ngefilimu, ingaphenduka kalula ibe ngamapuleti amancane ngaphambi kokuba imbewu iqhume.
• faka izithombo ezimbizeni ezincane noma ezindebe ezinobubanzi obungu-7cm.
• izithombo zanyanga zonke zendawo ehlala njalo zidinga umthamo webhodwe wamalitha angama-0.8 kuya ku-1,2.

Izitshalo zabantu abadala zizizwa zilungile ngokulinganayo ezimbizeni zodaka nezepulasitiki ezinezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi.

Inhlabathi

Isakhiwo somhlabathi sokuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kufanele sibe nokushintshana komoya omuhle, kube lula futhi kube nokukhululeka. Ukwakheka okwenziwe ngokuphelele noma ingxube yokuzilungiselela ye-peat nesihlabathi (7: 1) kufanelekile. Ku-1 kg yengxube engeza u-15-20 g we-ash, chalk noma ufulawa we-dolomite. Ikhabhoni eyenziwe yasebenza ayilimazi.

Kwisitshalo esidala, inhlabathi enomsoco evela ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo zamaqabunga ama-humus, umhlaba we-peat kanye ne-turf kufanelekile. Kufakwa inani elincane lesihlabathi ukwenza ngcono ukudonsa kwamanzi.

Ukunaka! Inhlabathi yokuzikhiqizela uqobo ihlaselwe ngesisombululo se-potassium permanganate noma kuhhavini, kufudumeza kuze kufike ku-90-100 ° С.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuhlanganiswa nokunisela futhi kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-14. Kungcono ukusebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali oyinkimbinkimbi wezitshalo eziqhakazayo ngokwemiyalo yomenzi.

Izitshalo ezidlulisiwe azondli amasonto amabili okuqala.

Ukufakwa kweCalceolaria

Ukuze lesi sitshalo sibe nokubukeka okumangazayo, sivame ukutshala kakhulu unyaka owodwa, bese sithathwa esisha. Ukufakwa kweCalceolaria kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka kuma-sampre athengiwe. Izithombo zezithombo noma izithombo ezisikiwe nazo zidluliselwa ku-container e-looser.

Iziqalo zomhlaba ngesikhathi sokufakelwa azonakaliswa. Isikhathi esihle sokufakelwa kwezihlahla ezincane kusentwasahlobo yokuqala, abantu abadala - ekwindla ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Isihlahla esishwabene sinqunywe phansi, siqukethe izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 egumbini elipholile nelimnyama, sinisela ukunisela okungenani. Ukomisa inhlabathi kungasicekela phansi isitshalo. Lapho kufika amahlumela amasha, imbiza ibuyiselwa ku-microclimate enhle nokukhanya kokukhula. Isikhathi sesibili sezimbali siqala ngaphambili kunesokuqala, kepha amahlumela aselula ngokushesha, alahlekelwe ukubukeka kwawo okuhle.

Ukukhula i-calceolaria kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ukukhula kwe-calceolaria egelezayo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni inzima ngempela. Inqubo izoqhubeka izinyanga eziyi-8-9, ngakho-ke yenziwa ngendlela ye-seedling futhi inezigaba ezilandelayo:

• Imbewu encane kakhulu ihlakazeka ngaphezu kwenhlabathi enomswakama, eyenziwe kahle futhi icindezelwe phansi ngaphandle kokufafazwa. Bamboza izitshalo ngendwangu emanzi futhi bahlela abamba ukushisa okuvela kwifilimu noma isembozo sengilazi. Gcina izinga lokushisa elihlala lingaba ngu-20 ° C kanye nomswakama, lize likhiphe i-condensate.
• Izithombo ngaphambi kokufika esitsheni esingapheli dive okungenani izikhathi ezi-2.
• Kutshalwe endaweni ehlala njalo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5- 2 ngemuva kokubhidlizwa kokugcina.

Kubalulekile! Izinsuku zokuhlwanyela zincike ezifisweni nesikhathi esikahle sokuqhakaza izimbali. Ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni. Izitshalo zokuphela kukaFebhuwari ziyaqhakaza kuphela eduze kokuwa.

Ukusakazeka kwe-calceolaria ngokusika

Izimbambo zenziwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ukusika kuthatha izimpande ezinzima, ngakho-ke, zisebenzisa izinciphisi zokukhula. Leli hlumela litshalwe ngenhlabathi yezakhi. Yenza indawo yokukhosela ukuze ugcine umswakama ngembiza yengilazi noma ngebhodlela lepulasitiki. Cishe cishe izinyanga ezimbili kuzosetshenziswa ekwakhekeni kwezimpande. Kuyo yonke inkathi yokubamba imbala, umswakama, izinga lokushisa +20 -25 ° С kanye nokukhanya okukhanyayo okugqamile kugcinwa. Lapho isiqu siqala ukukhula, indawo yokukhosela iyasuswa.

Ukuze ubukhazikhazi besihlahla busikiwe, ukusikwa okumbalwa kugxilwe ebhodweni linye.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Amaphutha enziwe enhlanganweni ye-microclimate athinta ngokushesha isimo se-calceolaria futhi angaholela ekufeni kwawo:

• Izinga lokushisa ngenhla kuka + 18-20 ° C kanye nomswakama ophansi liyanikela i-bud iconsa futhi ukuguga kokuqala.
• Ezimweni zokukhanya eziphansi ICalceolaria iqhakaza kabi.
• Ngokuchelela ngokweqile kumazinga okushisa aphansi nokuthambisa kwezimbali namaqabunga ukubola kwenzeka.

Umonakalo obalulekile kulesi sitshalo ungabangelwa ama-aphid, izimbuzane zesigcawu, izimhlophe ezimhlophe.

Izinhlobo ze-calceolaria yasekhaya enezithombe namagama

Zingaphezu kwama-300 izinhlobo ze-calceolaria ezaziwayo, ezinokukhula okuhlukile, ukwakheka nosayizi wesihlahla, kanye nokwakheka nombala wamaqabunga, izimbali, ama-inflorescence. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zabantu ezigcwele ngokulinganayo futhi hhayi zonke ezifanele ukukhula kwekhaya. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu nge-calceolaria:

I-Hybrid (C. herbeohybrida Voss)

Ukubuka kufaka izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezifana ngesimo, kepha ukuba nemibala ehlukene futhi kufakwe neminye imibala nobunjwa: imivimbo, amabala, amabala. Ubungako be-inflorescences nosayizi wama-peduncle ezinhlobonhlobo kuhlukile, kepha isihlahla sihlala sihlukaniswa ngokuhlobisa, ukubukeka okucebile, ukubukeka okunesithunzi kanye nezimbali ezahlukahlukene ezikhanyayo. Isendlalelo singamahlamvu aluhlaza aluhlaza. Ukuphakama kwe-Bush - 15-40cm. Abamele izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezitshalo bamelwe kakhulu ekhaya (izinhlobonhlobo zeTigrovaya, iDundee, i-Aida, imvula ye-Star, i-Dervish).

I-Mexico (C. mexicana)

Amahlumela esitshalo anamagatsha amaningi, ama-inflorescence awakhuli, nezimbali zikhulu impela (cishe ama-5 cm). Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kufinyelela ku-50cm. Ama-corollas afana namathoshi apendwe ngophuzi okhanyayo.

I-Purple (uC. UClementurea Graham)

Isici esiyingqayizivele sezinhlobonhlobo umbala ophansi ophakeme kakhulu kanye nombala onsomi noma obomvu onsomi we-inflorescence. Amaqabunga ajijekile kusuka ngaphakathi abe ne-lilac hue.

I-calceolaria eyinkimbinkimbi (C. rugosa)

Ezindongeni ezinde (20-50 cm) ezinamahlamvu amancane, ama-inflorescence aqhakazelayo wezimbali ezincane (1-2,5 cm ubukhulu), afana namafu aphuzi, aqokiwe. Amahlumela aqondile, amaqabunga acwengekile, izimbali ezigcwele okotshani zihlobisa amachashaza ansundu. Abamele: ILangeni, iGoldbook.

I-Amphibian (C. crenatiflora)

Iziqu zithambile, zifinyelela ku-60 cm ubude, zimbozwe izinwele ezincane. Amaqabunga ama-pubescent, ama-wavy, ama-ovate, ezimpandeni ezineziqu ezinde, cishe acwengekile phezulu. Amachashazi aphuzi, abomvu ansundu, izimbali ezinkulu zakha ama-inflorescence e-corymbose eziqongweni. I-Corolla ngesimo isicucu esinezindebe eziphakeme ze-sacular.

I-Cobweb (C. arachnoidea)

Phansi, hhayi ngaphezu kwe-30cm, isitshalo esingandile. Izimbali ezigqamile onsomi.