Okwamanje, abalimi bamazwe amaningi emhlabeni bavusa inqwaba yezinkomo, ezinamakhono aphezulu obisi namanoni. Eziningi zazo zixabiswa ngenyama ye-marble noma ngokuthola isisindo esisheshayo, kepha namhlanje sizobuka uhlobo oludingekile ukuthi ukhokhe izindleko eziningi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinganeni. Okulandelayo, funda izici kanye nencazelo yohlu lomnyama-motley. Ukutshela ngezidingo zokudla kanye nezimo.
Umlando wokubeletha nencazelo
Sichaza kafushane izici zohlobo, kanye nezimfanelo ezikhiqizayo, ngesisekelo lapho amandla nezimo ezibuthakathaka zizobunjwa khona. 
Umsuka
Lona uhlobo lwezolimo zaseSoviet, olwakhiwa eminyakeni engama-30s-40 ekhulwini lokugcina. Umsebenzi wokukhetha wenziwa nabamele bendawo bezinkomo nezinkunzi zaseDutch. Ukusebenza kulo mhlobo kwaqedwa ngo-1959, emva kwalokho izilwane zaqala ukusetshenziswa kakhulu emapulazini ahlangene.
Uyazi? Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi eNdiya kunqatshelwe ukubulala izinkabi nokudla inyama yezinkomo, leli zwe laphuma phezulu emhlabeni emhlabeni jikelele kulokhu lwamazwe angaphandle, okweqa iBrazil. I-India minyaka yonke inika amathani ayizigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-1,89 emakethe yomhlaba.
Ukubukeka nomzimba
Imingcele eyinhloko yobandlululo bomnyama no-motley:
- isisindo sabadala - 550-650 / 900-1000 kg;
- ukuphakama kumile - 130 cm;
- ubude bomzimba obuthakathaka - 160 cm;
- ukujula kwesifuba - 72 cm;
- umbala - omnyama nomhlophe.
Umthethosisekelo womzimba:
- ikhanda elinomzimba omncane;
- izimpondo - ezimfushane, ezimpunga;
- intamo ibude obude, isikhumba sesikhumba sikhona;
- isifuba - ububanzi obuphakathi;
- emuva - ngokuqondile ngesikhumba esiqondile;
- i-sacrum - ngokubanzi;
- imilenze - elula, eqinile ngokwanele;
- udder - volumetric, okwenziwe ngesitsha.
Funda futhi mayelana nohlobo lwase-Ayrshire lwezinkomo zobisi.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezilwane nobisi
Umsebenzi wokubeletha wawuhloswe ngobuningi bomthamo nobuningi obisi, kepha izinga lezinyamazana lifanelekile ukunakwa. Ukuqaphela ukuthi kukhona Izinhlobo zase-Ural naseSiberia, ezakhiwe ngesisekelo sezinkomo ezikhona. Unomkhiqizo ohlukile. 
Umkhiqizo wokukhiqiza omnyama-motley:
- umthamo wobisi lwe-Ural uhlobo - 3.7-3.8 kg kg ngonyaka;
- Ural uhlobo lwe-milk fat - 3.8-4%;
- Izitshalo zobisi zaseSiberia ezingamakhilogremu angu-3.5-5 ngonyaka;
- okuqukethwe okunamafutha eSiberia hlobo lobisi - 3.7-3.9%;
- amaprotheni okuqukethwe ngobisi - 3.1-3.3%;
- ukuhlwithwa isivuno - 55-60%;
- Ikhwalithi yezimpilo iyanelisayo, okuqukethwe okunamafutha aphansi;
- ukuzuza nsuku zonke kwesikhumba esincane - 0.6-0.8 kg, nokudla okunempilo kungafinyelela ku-1 kg;
- ukuhlonipha kuphakeme, eneminyaka engu-15 isisindo singaphezu kuka-420 kg.
Kubalulekile! Ngokudla okujwayelekile, isilinganiso sonyaka sonyaka sithengwa ngu 2.5-3,000 kg. Ukukhiqiza kuncike kwikhwalithi nokuhlukahluka kokudla.
Amandla nobuthakathaka
Izinzuzo:
- vumelana ngokushesha;
- ube nempilo enhle;
- umkhiqizo omuhle;
- inzuzo yesisindo esheshayo;
- amazinga aphezulu e-milk fat;
- ukutholakala kanye nentengo ephansi yokuthenga yezilwane ezincane.
Umthengi:
- izidingo eziphezulu ezimweni zokuboshwa;
- Ikhwalithi yezinyamazane iphansi kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinkomo zaseYurophu.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Cabanga ngezici kanye nemithetho yokugcinwa kwekhaya kwezinkomo ezimnyama-motley, ezizovumela ukuba uthole amanani amaningi ebisi, kanye nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo.
Funda indlela yokwakha inqolobane kanye nesigcawu ngenkabi.
Indawo yokudlala yasehlobo
Indawo yokudlala ehlobo iyadingeka ukuze phakathi nenkathi efudumele izinkomo zingadla futhi ziphumule emoyeni omusha. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwevithamini D, kanye nokuphumula okuhle kwamaphaphu ezilwaneni. Ukulondolozwa emoyeni ovulekile akuvumela nje kuphela ukwandisa umthamo wobisi, kodwa nokunciphisa izindleko zesondlo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi awudingi ukuchitha ugesi ukukhanyisa nokuphumula kwegumbi. Nciphisa izindleko zokuphakela ngenxa yokudla.
Uma imfuyo inezinqwaba eziningi noma amakhulu abantu, isiteji sehlobo kumele sibe nesiteshi sokumisa kanye nesondo eliphansi, lapho izilwane zingakwazi ukuphumula ngemva kokugwedla noma ngesikhathi sezulu elinamandla. 
Ukuhlelwa kwezakhiwo
Izidingo eziyisisekelo zokuhlela igcina zimi kanje:
- indawo ephansi. Isitezi esinemfuyo kumele sibe nendawo engaphansi kwamamitha angu-20 square. m, ukuze isilwane singajabuli ngesikhathi sokuphumula noma sokudla. Lapho ukulima imfuyo emikhulu, izindinganiso ezifanayo ziyasebenza njengenye imifino yobisi enezilinganiso ezifanayo zomzimba;
Kubalulekile! Amagumbi namafasitela ekamelweni kufanele ahambe eningizimu noma empumalanga.
- isondlo sokudla. Sebenzisa abahlinzeki bamapulangwe noma amapulasitiki, umthamo olingana nengxenye eyodwa yefayimuntu ngamunye. Uma kunabantu abangaphezu kweyedwa kumgodla owodwa, kuyadingeka ukufaka abahlinzeki abaningana noma ukuhlukanisa ngezigaba eziningana;
- ukuphuza isitsha. Umgqomo wensimbi wevolumu edingekayo ngaphandle kwemiphetho ebukhali isetshenziselwa umgogodla. Okuqukethwe komuntu ophuzayo akufanele kuphazamise amanzi, kanye nokugqwala;
- udoti. Uhlobo luvame ukusetshenziselwa njengoba lushibhile futhi alutholi umswakama.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Uma ukhathalela imfuyo kufanele ucabangele la maphuzu:
- ukushisa ekamelweni. Esikhathini esifudumele kuyadingeka ukuthi izinga lokushisa emgodini alidluli +25 ° C. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa elikhulu liyi + 5 ... +12 ° ะก. Abamele bobuhlanga bavunyelwe kahle, ngakho bajwayele ukujwayela izimo ezintsha. Bangakwazi ukubekezelela izinga lokushisa lokushisa, kanye nokushisa okukhulu, kodwa okwesikhashana nje. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu futhi aphansi kakhulu angathinteki isivuno kanye nokwanda kwesisindo esibukhoma;
- ukuphumula umoya kanye nemidwebo. Izilwane azibekezeli kahle ama-drafts, ngakho-ke zonke izikhala ekamelweni kumele zilungiswe, futhi izicabha kanye namafasitela kumele asuswe ngendlela yokuthi imifudlana eqinile yomoya ingenzeki ngesikhathi sokushisa. Ukwengeza ukuqhuma umoya ukuze ukushintshaniswa komoya kungabangeli ukukhuphuka okubukhali ekushiseni;
- ukukhanyisa. Ubude bomini kufanele kube amahora angu-16. Ukukhanya kufanele kuvulwe ngo-4 ekuseni futhi kuvaliwe ngo-8: 00. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kungalingani. Endaweni yokuphumula, ukukhanya kumele kufakwe ngaphakathi, futhi eduze nomgogodla kanye nomgqugquzeli - oqinisiwe. Ukuze uvimbele ukulimala izilwane, ebusuku zifaka izibani ezibomvu ngekhono lama-watts angu-10.
Kubalulekile! Ukukhanyisa okuhle kunomthelela omuhle ekuvuneni.
Ukuhlanzwa njalo kwesitembu kanye nokusungula
Udoti uthatha indawo yansuku zonke nge-fresh; ngesikhathi esifanayo, umquba kanye nokudla izinsalela zisusiwe. Isitezi kumele ngaso sonke isikhathi sihlambuluke ukuze sikhiphe "ukoloni" lwezilwane, kanye nokuvela kwendawo enhle yokuthuthukiswa kwamagciwane. 
Iziphuzo zokuphuza kanye nabahlinzeki bahlanzekile njengokungcoliswa. Uma ukudla okumanzi kusetshenzisiwe, ukuhlanza kuvame kakhulu. Ezingxenyeni zomphongolo wokuphuza akumelwe kube khona ukungcola, noma yiziphi izimila noma izilwanyana. Inventory ihlanzwa njengoba ingcolile, kodwa nakanjani ngesikhathi sokucwiliswa komzimba jikelele.
Ukukhipha i-disinfection ngokugcwele kwenziwa kanye kanye ngenyanga noma njalo amasonto amabili uma isilwane sitholakale. Ukuze uthole ukungena kwe-disinfection asetshenziselwa izixazululo zamakhemikhali ezingabangela ubuthi kubantu nasezinkomeni, ngakho-ke isikhathi eside inqubo, izilwane zisuswa emgodini. Abasebenzi kudingeka basebenzise imishini yokuzivikela (amagilavu, umoya wokuphefumula, izigqoko, ipronti).
Hlola amaqiniso athakazelisayo kakhulu ngezinkomo.
Ukudla ukudla
Akukhona nje ukubukeka kwesilwane, kodwa futhi nokuzuza kwesisindo somzimba nsuku zonke, ivolumu yobisi, kanye nokuphikiswa kwezifo kuxhomeke kwimenyu eyenziwe kahle. 
Ukudla kwehlobo emadlelweni
Esikhathini esifudumele, ungasindisa ngokukhululekile ekudleni ngokudla, kanye nokuvuna amakhambi ayigugu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okwanele ezilwaneni ukuze kutholakale ukwanda okuphezulu kwesisindo esibukhoma, kanye nokuhlinzeka izinkomo zobisi ngenani elidingekayo lama-calories.
Kubalulekile! Kuzo zonke izisindo eziyizigidi ezingu-100 kufanele kube yiyunithi yokuphakelayo eyodwa. Igumbi elilodwa lekamelo elilingana no-1414 kcal.
Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo nehlobo unike amakhambi alandelayo:
- i-clover;
- i-alfalfa;
- ama-peas aluhlaza noma ubhontshisi.
Izinkomo zinikezwa ukudla okulinganiselayo okuveza inani lamaprotheni angena emzimbeni wonke usuku, okungukuthi:
- Ukudla kwefektri ngezinhlobo zobisi;
- ibhali;
- ukolweni;
- i-oats;
- isidlo esiphundu;
- ukudla kwesoya.
Umehluko ekudleni kwasebusika
Ebusika, ukudla okuyinhloko kuyinsifi ephakeme kakhulu emithini yemfuyo edingekayo. Kuzo zonke izisindo zomzimba eziyi-100, udinga ukunikeza cishe u-3.5 kg we-hay. Okusho ukuthi isilwane esinesisindo esingama 600 kg kumele sidle ubuncane obungama-21 kg wezinsuku ngosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imenyu ihlanganisa ukudla okunomsoco wokuhlinzeka ngobisi obuningi.
Izinkomo zinikezwa ukudla okulandelayo:
- amazambane;
- i-corn silage;
- ifolishi isithombo sebhitrudi;
- izaqathe;
- rutabaga;
- isithombo sebhitrudi.
Inani elidingekayo lokudla ngamanzi libalwe ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo: ukuthola u-1 kg wobisi, inkomo idinga ukondla u-2-3 kg wokudla okunomsoco. Kanti futhi, ilitha ngalinye lemikhiqizo kufanele libe yi-100-200 g yokudla okugxilisiwe (bran noma ikhekhe).
Amavithamini namaminerali wezilwane atholakala ekudleni okunomsoco, kodwa ebusika akulimazi ukufaka isithako sevithamini namaminerali. Futhi, izinkomo zinikwe nsukuzonke 5-8 g usawoti kuzo zonke izilonda eziyi-100. Kungcono ukunikeza ngendlela ye-lizun.
Uyazi? Izinkomo zinezindlebe ezithuthukile kahle, ukuze zijwayele ukwenza izenzo ezithile, zidlala umculo ofanayo.
Ividiyo: Uhlobo lwamazinyo omnyama namhlophe
Izinkomo ezimnyama namhlophe ziyizinqumo ezinhle kokubili ipulazi elikhulu kanye nomnyango omncane. Izilwane ezinezimfanelo ezinhle ezikhiqizayo, azidingi ukudla okubizayo, ngokushesha zijwayele isimo sezulu futhi azifani nokuhlukumeza kubanikazi.
