Izigwaca zaseJapane: indlela yokunakekela nokuthi ungondla kanjani ekhaya

Izigwaca zaseJapane ziyizinkukhu eziqinile futhi ezikhiqizayo ezigcinwe ngempumelelo ezinqolobaneni ezincane futhi zikhona. Izinqubo zokuzalanisa, ukulondolozwa nokuzinakekela akuzona nzima kakhulu - noma yikuphi umlimi we-novice angabhekana nazo kalula.

Incazelo kanye nezici

Isikhathi sokuthunjwa kwezigwaca zaseJapane sawela ekhulwini le-XI - ezweni loMhlaba oPhuzuzayo bazalwa njengendwangu yokuhlobisa yamapulazi acebile. Futhi kuphela ekhulwini le-XVI, abalimi banakekelwa ukunambitheka kwenyama nokudla okunomsoco wamaqanda atholakala ekugcinweni kwezinyoni ezincane ezincane. Lolu hlobo lubhekwa njengendala kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo eziboshiwe, kodwa lusalokhu lufanelekile futhi alulahlekelwa isikhundla salo esibekwe phambili phakathi kwabalimi bazo zonke amazwe.

Uyazi? Emvelweni, izigwaca zingaphila iminyaka engaba ngu-8, ekhaya - kuphela iminyaka engu-2-3 kuphela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inyama yowesifazane iba nzima, futhi ngemva konyaka wokuphila, iqala ukukhiqiza amaqanda amancane, ngakho-ke kuyongcono ukwandisa le nyoni kuphela iminyaka emibili yokuqala, bese uyidla inyama.

Ukubukeka nomzimba

Izici zezinhlobo zezilwane zihlukaniswa, i-torso ehlangene, amaphiko amancane nomsila. Umbala we-feather njengayo yonke iyimbala, imnyama-emnyama, isifuba sesifuba sinesundu kumuntu wesilisa, futhi i-gray grey insikazi. Futhi, phansi kwezigwaca zingahlukaniswa nombala wezinyosi (emadodeni kubumnyama) kanye nengubo ye-cloacal yombala obomvu ogqamile, ongekho abesifazane abanayo.

Izici ezikhiqizayo

Kunezinhlayiyana ezimbili zezigwaca zaseJapane: amaqanda-laying kanye ne-broiler (inyama).

Ama-quail ama-egg ayaziswa kakhulu ngezici zawo ezikhiqizayo:

• isisindo sesisindo senyoni singama-150-180 g (owesifazane ungama-138-150 g, owesilisa wesilisa u-115-130 g, isisindo senetha lesi sidumbu ngu-80 g);
• ukukhiqizwa kweqanda elisebenzayo liqala ngezinsuku ezingu-45-50;
• amaqanda angaphezu kuka-300 ngonyaka anesisindo esingama-10-12 g

I-Japanese broiler inyama isiqondiso sihluke kakhulu ngesisindo sesidumbu, sifinyelela esilinganisweni esingaphezu kwama-250 g, kanye nokukwazi ukuthwala amaqanda - ezingekho ezingcezu ezingu-220 ngonyaka (isisindo 8-10 g).

Funda kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo zezigwaca zaseJapane: ukukhiqiza inyama inyama kaFaro, amaManchu kanye no-Estonia; futhi nangezinye izinhlobo zama-quails (okuvamile, okudwetshwa kweShayina).

Izimo ezidingekayo zokuboshwa

Ukubeletha nokugcinwa kwalolu hlobo kungabhekwa njengomsebenzi olula, kodwa umlimi oqala noma owaziwayo usazofuna olunye ulwazi. Okokuqala, izinyoni kufanele zihlele igumbi elifanele, ngokusekelwe ezicini zomzimba wabo, imvelo nokudla.

Izidingo zegumbi

Ikamelo (indlu yenkukhu), lapho amaseli egwayi azobe khona khona, kumele ahlangane izidingo:

1. Ukukhanyisa. Izigwaca zaseJapane azibekezeli ukukhanya okukhulu, kodwa azikwazi ukugcinwa ebumnyameni obuphelele noma. Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kungaba iwindi noma amafasitela amabili ekamelweni ngamaseli atholakala ngamamitha ambalwa ukusuka kubo. Ubude bemini phakathi kwama-egg-laying ngamahora angu-17-17, ukuqina kokukhanya akukona ngaphezu kwe-4 W nge-1 imitha yesikwele. m
2. Ukushisa. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukungavumeli ukushintsha okunamandla ekushiseni kwemoya, okujwayelekile kuyimigomo engu-18-21.
3. Umswakama womoya endlini akumele kudlule u-70%. Uma izinga liphakeme kakhulu, ama-mold kanye nama-pathogenic angakwazi ukuthelela ama-quail namaqanda angathuthuka ngaphakathi kwamaseli.
4. Ukuphumula. Indima ebalulekile ekugcinweni kahle kwe "Japanese" idlalwa yinhlangano ye-ventilation yamahora onke ngosizo lwamafasitela noma ukuvuleka okhethekile ophahleni. Noma kunjalo, amangqamuzana akufanele avezwe kunoma yimaphi ama-drafts.

Kubalulekile! Ngokukhanya okukhulayo kokukhanya, izinyoni zizoqala ukuqhuma futhi zilwe. Isimo esicindezelayo ngeke sithinte kabi ukukhiqizwa kweqanda elizayo.

Kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhipha ukungena endlini yenkukhu kwanoma yisiphi isilwane sezilwane ezifuywayo - izinja, izinja, njll. Zingabesaba izinyoni futhi zinciphise ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda.

Kufanele kube ngamaseli

Amakheji amaningi ahlanganiswe ngamapulangwe noma ensimbi athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamafama aseJapane.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokwenza isikhala se-quail.

Izimfuneko zokuhlelwa kwazo ziyi:

1. Ukuphakama kwe "indawo yokuhlala" kufanele kuhluke kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-25 cm, lokhu kuzokhipha ukuhlukumezeka kwezinyoni futhi kuvumele ukuba bazizwe bekhululekile. Indawo engezansi ye-bottom is 50x25 cm.
2. Ukufika komuntu kufanele kube ngamamitha ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwangu-25. cm kumuntu munye (emgodini onamamitha angu-1 ubude nobubanzi buka-50 cm kungaba namakholomu angama-50).
3. Kunconywa ukuthi isembozo sephansi sendlu kufanele sihlanganiswe ngotshani, i-sawdust enkulu noma i-hay, okumele ishintshwe njalo izinsuku ezimbili noma ezimbili.
4. Ngaphandle kwekamelo, kubalulekile ukufaka abaphuzi bezinambuzane nabanakekeli, ukuze izinyoni zifinyelele emakhanda abo phakathi kwezinduku.
5. Ngaphakathi itanki elibanzi elinesihlabathi esomile (ama-5-7 cm ubukhulu) lapho izigwaca zaseJapane zifana nokugeza.
6. Umqoqo oqokiwe weqanda, njengombuso, ungaphansi kwesigxobo, efakwe engeni lika-10 degrees ukuya odongeni langaphambili lendawo yokuhlala. Umklamo ngokwawo kufanele uqhubekele u-10 cm futhi ube nezinhlangothi.
7. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba se-quail, kubalulekile ukubeka umquba wensimbi ohlangene ukuze uqoqe udoti, ongagcwaliswa ngetayitela evamile ukuze uthole iphunga elimnandi.

Yini ongayidla isilwane esingumuntu omdala

Abantu abadala abakondla kufanele kwenziwe ngezikhathi ezithile kathathu ngosuku. Ukuze ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinga lokudla kwansuku zonke akufanele kube ngaphansi kwama-25-30 g nghloko ngayinye. Ukudla kwezinyoni kufanele kube nenani elikhulu lamaprotheni, amavithamini namaminerali.

Ukudla okulinganiselayo nokunomsoco kungathengwa esitolo esikhethekile noma uzikhiphe mix mix cereal crushed: Ibhali, ummbila kanye nokolweni.

Ngezikhathi ezithile, imenyu kufanele ihlanganise isibindi esilisiwe esibilisiwe, izinhlanzi zasolwandle kanye nemifino eqoshiwe.

Kubalulekile! Ukudla okunye akuvunyelwe ukudla izigwaca zaseJapane: i-sorrel, i-rye, i-buckwheat, utamatisi namazambane amazambane, i-tansy.

Ngokuhlukile eceleni kommbila, umlimi kufanele afake isitsha esinamagatsha amancane noma isihlabathi esiqothukile ukuze kugcinwe ukugaya kahle kwezigwaca.

Izinkukhu zokuzala ekhaya

Ngeshwa, izidumbu eziningi zokuzala, lapho lokhu kuzalwa kwadalwa khona, ekugcineni kwabhujiswa isisindo samantombazane aseJapane, ngakho-ke amapulazi amakhulu nezindawo ezizimele asebenzisa i-incubator ukuze athole amaphuphu enempilo.

I-Quail Egg Incubation

Ekukhuliseni okuphumelelayo nasekutholeni inzalo enempilo futhi ekwazi ukuthenga, ukuthengwa kwamaqanda emapulazini aqinisekisiwe, kanye nokuhlolwa nokukhethwa kwawo okuphelele, badlala indima ebalulekile.

Amathiphu abalimi bezinkukhu: ukukhetha i-incubator, ukuveza izinto ezinhle kakhulu.

Imingcele edingekayo yokukhethwa kwayo:

• ifomu elifanele;
• ukujula okuphakathi;
• usayizi omkhulu (10-14 g);
• ukuhlanzeka;
• isilinganiso sobukhulu obuncane kuya ku-70% emikhulu.

Ngemuva kokukhethwa ngokucophelela futhi ngokushesha ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda kufanele kube ne-disinfected nge-solution elula ye-potassium permanganate. Ukubekwa kwemikhiqizo emathreyini okufakela ukushisa kufanele kwenziwe ngokuqondile, ngokuphela kokuphefumula. Ukushisa okucacile nomswakama kufakwe amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwenqubo, futhi esikhathini esizayo zigcinwa njalo ezingeni elihambisana nosuku:

• Kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-7, izinga lokushisa lingu-37.5 ° С, umswakama ungama-52-57%. Ama-Grilles kufanele aphendulwe izikhathi ezine ngosuku;
• Kusukela ngo-8 kuya ku-14, izinga lokushisa lingu-37.5 ° С, umswakama u-42-44%. I-egg iqhwa - nsuku zonke, izikhathi ezingu-5;
• Kusukela ngo-15 kuya ku-17, izinga lokushisa kufanele lifinyelelwe libe ngu-35 ° С, umswakama kufanele ukhuphuke ube ngu-75%. Imibungu isivele isakhiwe ngokuphelele futhi iseduze ukuzalwa. Sekuvele kungenakwenzeka ukuvula amaqanda.

Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokwenza i-incubator yamakhoyili ngezandla zakho.

Izigwaza ezisanda kuzalwa, njengomthetho, zihlanganisa ndawonye phakathi kwamahora angu-5-6, ngosuku lweshumi nesishiyagalolunye.

Ividiyo: izinkukhu ezisanda kuzalwa

Ukunakekelwa kwabahlengikazi

Ngemuva kokuqothula, izigwaca zaseJapane zishiywe ku-incubator ngamanye amahora angu-12 ukuze zomiswe ngokugcwele, emva kwalokho zidluliselwa ku-brooder elungiselelwe.

Ukuvimbela okuhle kwezifo eziningi eziyingozi kuzokwenza otpaivaniya stock esincane imithi ekhethekile yezilwane:

• Ngosuku lokuqala lokuphila, izinkukhu kufanele zinikezwe amanzi ahlanzekile noshukela (1 ilitha lamanzi, izipuni ezimbili) ne-ascorbic acid (0.5 ml);
• Kusukela ngo-2 kuya ku-7, amalungiselelo ase-enrofloxacin asekelwe;
• Ngosuku lwama-7-10, isisindo samavithamini sisungulwa ngokwemiyalo (Aminovital, Chiktonik);
• ngemuva kwenyanga yokuphila, izigwaca zivinjelwe ekusebenziseni amalungiselelo akhethekile we-salmonellosis kanye ne-histomoniasis.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuzalisa izigwaya ekhaya: okuqukethwe kwezigwaca ezibeka izinkukhu; ukugcina izigwaza ebusika; Mangakhi amaqanda ama-qua athwala futhi ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuncike kuphi?

Ukudla ukudla

Ngaphakathi izinsuku zokuqala Izinkukhu zaseJapane zidla kancane kancane ngeqanda eliqoshiwe, ama-cottage shizi nemifino eqoshiwe (inambuzane, isanqante noma izinpaphe ze-anyanisi). Nge ngosuku lwesithathu Inhlanzi ebilisiwe ebilisiwe kanye nobisi omuncu kuqaliswa ekudleni. Inombolo yokunikezwa ngesonto lokuqala kufanele okungenani izikhathi ezingu-5, kamuva umvuthwandaba unciphise ube ngu-3.

Emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 zokuphila, imikhiqizo emisha kancane kancane ifakwe ekudleni kwesitoko esincane:

• ummbila ophuzi - 30% wokudla okuphelele;
• ubisi owomile - 6%;
• izigobolondo zomhlabathi - 2%;
• isidlo senhlanzi - 12%;
• inyama kanye nethambo - 12%;
• ukolweni - 30%;
• usawoti - 0.2%.

Funda ukuthi ungakha kanjani abanikazi bezigwaca ezihlukahlukene.

Amandla nobuthakathaka

Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zokukhula nokulondoloza izigwaca zaseJapane yizi:

• inqubo elula yokukhula;
• isikhathi esincane esichithwa ukunakekela izinyoni;
• isikhathi esifushane sokuxubha kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinkukhu - izinsuku ezingu-18 kuphela;
• inani lokudla okunomsoco, isisindo samavithamini namaminerali okuqukethwe ekudleni amaqanda nezinyama;
• ukukhula okusheshayo nokuvuthwa kwezinyoni (ukuvuthwa kufika kakade ngosuku lwama-40-50);
• ukuphikiswa okuphezulu kwezifo ezihlukahlukene ze-avian.

Izinkinga:

• Izigwaca zaseJapane zizwela ukushisa okukhulu nokucindezeleka;
• ngemuva kokuzalisa, kungase kube nzima ukusungula iziteshi zokusabalalisa zemikhiqizo.

Uyazi? Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, amaqanda ezigwaca asetshenziswe ngempumelelo emithi yendabuko kanye ne-cosmetology. Umkhiqizo owusizo uboniswa ezifweni zomuthi wamathumbu, i-gallbladder, i-anemia, isifo sofuba, i-cataract kanye nesifo sokuphefumula kwesisu. Amaski ase-egg athuthukisa umbala wesikhumba futhi enze izinwele ziqinile futhi zikhanyise.

Ividiyo: isipiliyoni sokuqukethwe kogwayi waseJapane

Uma zonke izimo zokugcina izigwaca zaseJapane ziyagcinwa, ekugcineni kungenzeka ukuthi ungatholi nje kuphela iqanda eliphakeme nekhanda lemikhiqizo, ukuthuthukisa impilo, kodwa futhi nje kuphela izinyoni ezinhle ezikhonza njengomhlobiso wokuhlobisa egcekeni lekhaya.