Izimvu yizilwane ezivame kakhulu e-Kazakhstan, okuyiminyaka eminyaka idalwe ngabantu abahlala emadolobheni. Akuthandi nje izimvu nemfuyo yabo, kodwa futhi ikhono lokuzala nokuzala izinhlobo ezintsha ladluliselwa kumaKazakhs anamuhla.
Ngisho nasekhulwini leminyaka ngaphambi kokugcina, ngenxa yemizamo yabalimi bemfuyo, inzalo engavamile kakhulu yezimvu ze-edilbayevsky yavela, okwamanje ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhiqiza inyama kanye namafutha. Kodwa akusiyo kuphela inzuzo yezilwane, futhi sizinikezele konke okubhaliweyo ekubhalisweni kwabo bonke, esikucebisa ukuba ufunde.
Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko nezinzuzo zezimvu ze-edilbayevsky ngaphezu kwezinye izinhlobo: mbula zonke izimfihlo
Abamele be-edilbayevskoy bezimvu zezimvu babangelwa ukukhethwa okuthandwa, okuye kwaphumelela kakhulu. Izwe lakubo liyizindawo ezisezindaweni zasemaphandleni ezisemaphandleni aseKazakhstan zanamuhla, lapho kwakungeke kwenzeke khona ukugcina nokuzala noma yiziphi ezinye izinkomo, ngaphandle kwalezi zinkomo ezilungiswayo futhi eziqinile njengalokhu kuchazwe.
Abazali babo yizimbuzi ze-fat-tailed ze-Kazakh, ezazifakwe emndenini wezimvu zezinhlobo ezinkulu ze-Astrakhan eziboya izinwele. Uhlobo olulandelayo luzuze njengefa kusukela ekutholeni amandla okubuthelela izicubu ezinamafutha amaningi endaweni ye-rump, futhi kusukela kwesibili - izici zabo zoboya. Futhi, kokubili amafomu omzali enza uhlobo olusha olulungiswa ngokuvumelana nezimo zokudoba izilwane.
Yiziphi izici abameleli abadumile bohlobo: izinzuzo zama-edilbayevsky izimvu
Ukukhuthazela kuyinzuzo enkulu yalezi zilwane ezinhle. Phela, ikhono lonke lokudla okudlulayo unyaka wonke, ukugcoba elangeni ehlobo, kanye nokushisa kwamaqhwa ebusika, akuzona zonke izinhlobo zezimvu ezinamandla.
Abameli be-edilbayevsky, ngaphandle kokungakhathazeki nemiphumela emibi efanayo yezimo zezulu, nabo bayakwazi ukuhamba ngokuqhubekayo.
Amadlelo amancane ama-steppa aseKazakh enza kube nzima ukudla endaweni eyodwa, futhi lapho befuna ukudla kwakudingeka bahambe amabanga amade kakhulu nsuku zonke. Kodwa noma kunjalo, cishe kwakungabonakali ngesisindo esibukhoma. Ngenxa yesimo somzimba esingavamile somzimba, kanye nokuzikhethela kwesimiso sokugaya, izilwane zingakwazi ngisho nokufaka ama-fatty tissu ngokudla okunamafutha futhi okungenamsoco, okwandisa isisindo sabo njalo.
Kubantu abahlala emadolobheni, lokhu kwakuyigugu elibaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo loluhlobo oluvame kakhulu futhi oludumile phakathi kwabafuyi bezilwane abaqeqeshwayo abakhetha ukusebenzisa uhlobo olubanzi lokuzalisa izimvu.
Esinye isici lapho ama-edilbayev agxilile kakhulu ngumthethosisekelo wabo oqinile kanye nomzimba ofanele. Lokhu kunomthelela omkhulu ekwenzeni ukwandisa imihlambi emadlelweni amakhulu. Umsila onomuthi othuthukile usiza ukumelana nesikhathi esiningi ngaphandle kokudla, ukuhlinzeka izilwane amandla anamandla.
Kodwa, akuzona zonke izinzuzo ezikwazi ukuziqhenya ngazo. Kungaphambi kwabaningi abamele uhlobo lwayo kanye nekhwalithi yeboya, nokusebenza. Ngokukhethekile ezimvu ze-edilbayevsky kuyisici:
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimvu zezimvu ezichazwe kuphakeme kakhulu, ngoba izinqama ezindala zikwazi ukufinyelela kalula isisindo samakhilogremu angu-100. Izinga eliphakeme kangaka akulona njalo izimpawu zezimvu, okuvame ukuba ne-torso encane.- Ukukhiqizwa ubisi kulawa mfuyo kuyabaluleka kakhulu, ngoba okuqukethwe okunamafutha okomkhulu kubenza bakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo yobisi, eyaziwa emazweni aseCentral Asia. Kubanikazi bezimvu ze-edilbayevsky, imikhiqizo yobisi iyimithombo eyengeziwe yokuthola imali.
- Uboya obuvela ezimvu zalesi sizwe bunqunywa okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka. Ikhwalithi yayo iphezulu kakhulu futhi ikuvumela ukuthi wenze amakhekhe weboya.
- Izilwane zikhula ngokushesha, zithola isisindo futhi zanda ubukhulu bomzimba. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu lapho izimvu zizobulawa ngenkathi zisencane, ngoba ukukhiqiza inyama kunenzuzo kakhulu ngokuhambisana nesikhathi kanye nezindleko. Ukukhula okusheshayo nakho kuthinta ukuvuthwa okusheshayo kocansi kwabantu, okuyinto enethonya elihle ekuzaliseni izimvu.
Ukukhiqizwa kwezimvu zezimvu ezichazwe kuphakeme kakhulu, ngoba izinqama ezindala zikwazi ukufinyelela kalula isisindo samakhilogremu angu-100. Izinga eliphakeme kangaka akulona njalo izimpawu zezimvu, okuvame ukuba ne-torso encane.Izinkinga nezinkinga zokuzalanisa
Njengoba singafuni ukuhlehlisa, kufaneleka ukunaka ezinye zezinkinga zezimvu ze-edilbayevsky. Okokuqala, lokhu kungukuthi, naphezu kokungaqondile, ukuzala konke kwalezi zilwane akukona okuphakeme kakhulu. Ngethala elilodwa, iwundlu elilodwa kuphela lizalwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, i-fecundity ye-ewes i-110-120% kuphela.
Yiqiniso, isici esinjalo sohlobo lusebenza ngempela ezimweni zalo ezijwayelekile zokuboshwa: amawundlu azalwe ngobukhulu ngobukhulu, kulula futhi ngokushesha ukuvumelanisa nokuhamba, kanye nomhlambi wonke. Kodwa kumalusi ofuna ukukhulisa imfuyo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, lesi sici siyingozi kakhulu.
Ngokuphathelene noboya, kubuye kudingeke ukuphawula: okungenani kusuka kumuntu oyedwa kungatholakala imali enkulu, kodwa kunzima kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi liqukethe inombolo enkulu kakhulu yezinwele zesikhashana kanye nomgogodla. Kodwa nakuba akuyona eyona engcono kakhulu kwekhwalithi, isici sokulinganisa sikhona lapha.
Kumele futhi uqaphele iqiniso lokuthi i-edilbayevsk imfuyo yokuzalwa ihanjiswa ngemibala emithathu: omnyama, obomvu nesikhumba. Kulokho, kufanelekile ukunaka lesi sici, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwesilwane ngokuqondile kuxhomeke kulesi saziso.
Okubhekwa njengabantu abanesidingo esimnyama. Ngokuyinhloko, uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abameleli bohlobo, banezinombolo ezingu-7.5-11.8% ezinkulu zeboya, futhi 2.2-6.9% isisindo esiphila ngaphezulu. Futhi, izici zezimvu ezimnyama ziphakeme kakhulu. Okukhiqiza okuncane kunabantu abanombala obomvu.
Ukunakekela lezi zitshalo nakho kubangela ubunzima kubalimi bezimvu, njengoba bekhulile endaweni eyodwa kanye nesimo sezulu esifanayo futhi abakwazi ukubekezelela amadlelo lapho kunendawo emanzi noma emanzini. Kungcono ukuwadla emhlabathini, lapho kungekho khona ukudla okungcono, kunezimo ezinomswakama ophezulu. Ukwehla kwamanzi kungabangela izifo zezilwane, futhi ngenxa yalokho - ukwehla komkhiqizo nokufa.
Incazelo yezimpawu kanye nezici zangaphandle zabamele ama-edilbayevsky izimvu
Esinye sezici zohlobo lwawo yi-komolost, noma i-hornlessness yayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amahhashi noma izinqama azizimpondo. Ngenkathi ehloma izilwane emadlelweni avulekile, lokhu kuyinto ephawulekayo, njengoba izilwane zingenalo ithuba lokuzivikela ezilwaneni zasendle, ekhaya, ngokuphambene nalokho, kunenzuzo enkulu. Phela, izinqama ze-komolye zibonisa ukuhlukumeza okuncane kokubili komunye nomunye nabanikazi abanakekelayo.
Ukuze siqonde ngokucacile ukuthi yiziphi izilwane esizikhulumayo, kubalulekile ukukhombisa imingcele yabo eyinhloko (yezimvu nezinqama):
- Lapho ikhula, ukuphakama kwezilwane ngokwesilinganiso kuvela ku-75 kuya ku-84 amasentimitha.
- Isibonakaliso sobude bomzimba obuhlelekayo singashintsha kusuka ku-77 kuya kumasentimitha angu-82.
- Isikhathi sesifuba singama-97-106 amasentimitha.
Ngokwesisindo, abamele abesilisa abahlukene bahluke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uma inqama evamile iphakanyisiwe kakhulu, isisindo esilinganisweni singama-kilogram ayi-110-120, khona-ke, insikazi efanayo, i-65-70 kilogram izobhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Kodwa abamele abakhulu bezokudla emadlelweni amahle bangathola isisindo esikhulu: izimvu - kufika ku-150-160 kilogram, kanye nama-ewes - kufika ku-90-100 kilogram.
AmaWundlu azalwa kakhulu, ngoba, njengoba sesishilo kakade, ama-litters ama-ewes ambalwa. Isisindo sezimvu singamakhilogremu angu-6, futhi siqhathaniswa - 5.3. Uma uneminyaka engu-1.5 ubudala, owokuqala uthola isisindo esingama-kilogram ayi-80, kanti owesibili kuya ku-65. Ngokudla okunempilo, inzuzo evamile yansukuzonke ngokuvamile i-200-250 amagremu. Kodwa-ke, intsha ivame ukuvunyelwa ukuba ihlatshwe ezinyangeni ezine, lapho isisindo somzimba singama-20-14 kg, nomsila we-fat - cishe u-3.5 kg. Inyama yezilwane kule minyaka iyondla kakhulu futhi ithenda.
Yiziphi izinzuzo ukuzaliswa kwezimvu ze-edilbay: konke mayelana nokukhiqizwa kohlobo
Izimvu zivame ukuvuswa ngenxa yezizathu zokuzijabulisa, futhi ikakhulukazi lezo zingabonakali njengohlobo oluchazwe. Umgomo oyinhloko nanoma iyiphi inja-izimvu ukuthola inyama ebalulekile, amanoni ezimvu, uboya nekhanda lezimvu. Ubisi lwabo lunenani elikhulu.
Imvu ye-fat-tailed yezilwane yilezi zilwane ngokushesha inqoba noma yikuphi ukuncintisana, ngoba ibhekisela kuhlobo olunamafutha. Izimvu ezinjalo ziye zabhekwa njengento ebaluleke kakhulu ekudleni. Kodwa kuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yekhono lezilwane ukuthi lidle esidlelweni esingajwayelekile ngaphandle kokwengeza enye ukudla. Ngenxa yalokhu, ithola ukunambitheka okhethekile nezici ezinhle kakhulu zezinto eziphilayo.
Sikhulume ngokuphindaphindiwe ngenhla ukuthi uhlobo oluchazwe lwezimvu lubhekwa njengenye yezinkulu ngobukhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqiza inyama kunesisindo esiphakeme: isidumbu esisodwa se-waluh omdala esidla kahle singaba nesisindo esingama-40 kuya ku-45 kilogram. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani lomsila wamafutha omuntu oyedwa lingaba yi-12-14 kilogram. Ngokuvamile, isivuno sokuhlatshwa inyama kanye namafutha ndawonye siyi-50-55%.
Inyama yeWundlu ibhekwa njengeyigugu kakhulu. Phela, akugcini nje ngomusa, kodwa futhi iqukethe inani elincane lamafutha. Kodwa-ke, esimweni sezimvu zezimvu, lapho izilwane ezichazwe ngathi zingabanikazi, lokhu akubaluleke kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, wonke amafutha afakwe kuwo emzimbeni, futhi inyama ihlala isondlo esiphundu futhi isondlo njengabantu abasha, kuphela uma iminyaka iba yinkimbinkimbi.
Uboya obusebenzayo noma yiliphi inani izimvu zezimvu edilbayevsky?
Ngokuphathelene nalesi sici somkhiqizo wabamele bohlobo, kubalulekile ukuphawula lezi zinombolo ezilandelayo ezinqunywe izinwele (uma zibopha izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka): isilinganiso sama-kilogram ayi-3-3.5 woboya zikhiqizwa kusukela kunqama eyodwa, kuze kufike ku-5 kg ubukhulu obukhulu; Ukukhiqizwa koboya bezinsikazi ku-2.3-2.6 kilogram. Isici esihle sohlobo isakhiwo seboya:
- Kusuka ku-52 kuya ku-56% we-fluff.
- 16-19% wezinwele ezithatha isikhathi eside.
- 24-28% umgogodla.
Izinwele ezifile ezinhlakeni zezimvu zivame kakhulu futhi akuzona zonke abantu.
Umkhiqizo wezithelo zohlobo oluchazwe
Izimvu zohlobo lwe-Edilbaevskaya zihlukaniswa ubisi obuphezulu kakhulu. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukukhiqiza kwabo kuwu-150-155 amalitha obisi isikhathi esisodwa sokudla, nakuba ukuguquguquka kungafinyeleleka kokubili ngamalitha angu-124 no-184.
Yiqiniso, izimvu, lesi sibalo siphezulu kakhulu. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubisi lwezimvu lubhekwa njengelusizo kubantu, ngoba aluqukethe amafutha amaningi (cishe ama-6.7% ngokushintshashintsha okuvela ku-3 kuye ku-9%), kodwa futhi amaprotheni (5.8%). Futhi, uma kuqhathaniswa nenkomo, imnandi ngempela, ngoba okuqukethwe okushukela ku-4.6%. Futhi, iqukethe okulandelayo amavithamini namaminerali:
- Amavithamini A noC.
- I-Iron
- I-calcium.
- I-Manganese
- I-Copper.
- Phosphorus.
- I-Zinc
Ubisi olusha lwezimvu ezichazweyo aluvame ukusetshenziswa, kodwa luhanjiswa ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukene yobisi. Ngokuyinhloko, u-Ayran ubisi omuncu, olwenziwe ubisi lwezimvu ze-edilbayevsky, kanye nezinyosi ezifana ne-primichi ne-kurt zidume kakhulu. Yenza kusuka kuso futhi ibhotela.
Ukukhulelwa kwezimvu edilbayevsky ekhaya: yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingayo ukunikeza izilwane?
Kusobala ukuthi izilwane ezilungiswa ngendlela ehlelekile yokuphila okungahleliwe cishe azidingi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe. Phela, kungase kube nokudla okudliwayo unyaka wonke nokuqapha okuncane (uma idlelo livinjiwe kahle). Kodwa konke lokhu kufanelekile kuphela ngesimo sezulu se-Kazakh steppes. Uma uhlala ezindaweni ezibandayo, nakanjani kuzodingeka uzinake izimpondo ezikhethekile ezifakwe emhlambini wezimvu. Izidingo ze-paddock noma zokuchitha zilandelayo:
Izimvu ze-Edilbaev zazijwayele ukunyakaza, ngakho indawo yabo epeni kumele idinga kakhulu. Phela, ngokulondwa kakhulu kwezilwane ezinamandla neziyindilinga, ezinye izihlungulu zingase ziqale i-atrophy, i-immunology iyancipha, izifo ziqala ukubonakala. Ikakhulukazi ukunyakaza kubalulekile kumawundlu amancane.
I-corral kumele ihlanganise nokuthi kungenzeka yini izimvu zihamba emoyeni. Ukuhamba okunjalo kufanele kwenziwe ngezinkomo nsuku zonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu siyini.
Kubalulekile ukwakha izakhiwo zepeni ngendlela yokuthi engenawo ama-drafts, ngaso sonke isikhathi kukhona indawo efudumele neyomile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izinga lokushisa emoyeni ngisho nasebandleni eliqine kakhulu aliwi ngaphansi kwe-8ºС.
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekuqaleni kwesithwathwa sokuqala, izimvu ze-edilbayevsky zazigcinwa emadlelweni. Kufanele futhi babe njengabaphambili ngangokunokwenzeka. Izilwane zizokwazi ukuthola ukudla ngokwabo, into eyinhloko ukuthi banendawo yokuhamba. Uma kungekho izindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba ezinotshani obuhle, izilwane nazo zondliwa ehlobo.
Ngokuphathelene nezici eziphoqelekile zokunakekela uhlanga oluchazwe, abalimi abaningi bezimvu babiza abantu abageza. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ababukeli ama-scabi, futhi uboya behlanzekile futhi abuyi kukhululeka. Yenza ngesikhathi esifudumele, ukuze izimvu zingabamba iqhwa. Ukugeza kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izixazululo ze-disinfectant. Futhi, izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, izimvu zidinga ukunquma futhi zihlanza izinselo. Lokhu kuzokuvimbela ukutholakala kwesifo esinjalo ngokuthi "inselo yokubola".
Indlela yokudla izimvu ze-edilbaevsky: izici zokudla okufanele
Ukondla lo mhlobo yinto elula kakhulu, ngoba izilwane zidla ukudla okungenakuzithoba futhi zingazinikela ngokuzimela uma zidla emadlelweni. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ngoba umuthi wabo wamathumbu ufanelwe ukudla okunomsoco, okunamafutha futhi okugxilisiwe, okubalulekile ukucabangela lapho ukondla ebusika. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, izilwane zondliwa nge-hay, utshani, silage, ukondla okwenziwe nge-composound, igxila nosawoti. Futhi, kubalulekile ukuthi ungakhohlwa ngemifino namanzi.
Ehlobo, kubalulekile ukwengeza ukuthi unikeze usawoti wamaminerali omzimba, umzimba wabo odinga kakhulu. Kodwa ekwindla kuhle ukufaka ekudleni kwezimpande - amazambane, beet. Ungaphinde unike i-peas ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ngotshani namanzi.
