Ama-cherries e-Chocolate: aphansi, kepha akhiqizayo futhi amnandi

Muva nje, izinhlobo eziphansi, ngisho nezifushane, ezithela phezulu zezilimo zezithelo sezidingeka kakhulu. Lokhu kunikeza izinzuzo eziningi - kukuvumela ukuthi uqinise ukutshala, ekugcineni kukhulisa isivuno endaweni ngayinye yecandelo, kusiza ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla, ukuthena kanye nokuvuna. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zam Cherry ezivamile ezifakwe kuRegista Yombuso yokufezekiswa kokukhethwa kweRussian Federation, amakherubi amancane eShokoladnitsa asanda kudume kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokuphakama kwesihlahla, izinhlobonhlobo zinezinzuzo eziningi uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye, okufaka isandla ekusatshalaliswa kwazo ezingadini zethu.

Cherry Chocolate

Izinhlobonhlobo lezi zavunyelwa e-All-Russian Research Institute of Fruit Culture Selection esifundeni sase-Oryol futhi kunconywa ukuthi zisetshenziswe esifundeni esiseRussia. Le ntombazane eshokolethi yafakwa kwiRegistry Yombuso Wokuzala Impumelelo ngo-1996.

Ngokusho kwesigaba sase-Europe, ama-cherries ajwayelekile (angazizwa, ama-steppe, isihlabathi, okokuhlobisa kanye neSakhalin) ahlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• i-morel - izinhlobo ezinobomvu obumnyama, cishe nezithelo ezimnyama esiteji sokuvuthwa nokukhipha imibala;
• i-amoreli - izinhlobo ezibomvu ezinejusi elingenamibala.

I-Shokoladnitsa ibhekisela ku-morel. "Abazali" bakhe abahlukahlukene avela kubo ayizinto zabathengi abamnyama nabaseLyubskaya. Le ikhekhe elivuthiwe eliphakathi. I-Shokoladnitsa iqala ukuthela izithelo eminyakeni emi-5 ngemuva kokuqala kokukhula kokuhlwanyelwa konyaka, futhi imbewu ekhulelisiwe eneminyaka engu-1.5-2 inika isivuno sonyaka we-3-4.

Izinzuzo zebanga:

• ukuphakama okuncane - umuthi wabantu abadala okhule ngokugcwele awudluli kumamitha ayi-2,5. Lapho utshala izithombo ngobukhulu obukhulu, atshalwa ebangeni elingama-2,5 m phakathi kwesiqu no-3.5 m phakathi kwemigqa;
  
  

  Lapho ukutshala ama-cherries e-Chocolate ahlukahlukene agcina isikhawu esingama-2,5 m phakathi kwesiqu no-3.5 m phakathi kwemigqa
• umqhele ohlanganisiwe - umthamo oyinhloko utholakala phezulu, ngoba umuthi uthatha indawo encane, okwenza intombazane eyi-Chocolate ifanele ezingadini ezincane;
• ukukhiqiza okuphezulu - kufanelekile ukutshala konke ngezinga lezimboni nasemapulazini amancane. Umuthi othuthukisiwe uvame ukunikela kuma-15 kg amajikijolo abalulekile;
• enye yezinhlobonhlobo ezisinda kakhulu yamatherubi kwisithwathwa nesomiso - lezi zimfanelo zazingezinye zezinjongo eziphambili zabafuyi;
• amajikijolo amnandi kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi zamakhekhe amnyama - buthelela kuze kufike ku-12% ushukela kanye ne-1.5% acid;
• Impilo ebalulekile yesihlahla "ngokugcwele" - cishe iminyaka eyi-12. Impilo Yeshelf Chocolate - ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-17 ukuya kwengama-20. Kepha ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-15, isihlahla esidala sesivele siqala ukunciphisa umkhiqizo;
• Izinhlobonhlobo zokuzithambisa - azidingi impova yokuphoqelela enamakhherubi angomakhelwane ngesikhathi sezimbali.

Ukuzala kwezinhlobonhlobo kusho ukuthi isihlahla esinqunyiwe sithela izithelo. Kodwa-ke, abalimi abaningi batusa ukutshala iShokoladnitsa eqenjini nezinye izinhlobo - i-Vladimirskaya endala (eyaziwa kakhulu ngeVladimirka), iTorgenevskaya, iLyubskaya nabanye. Kukholelwa ukuthi impova edluliselwa kusuka ezinhlobonhlobo iyehlukahluka ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza ngezinambuzane ithuthukisa ikhwalithi futhi ikhulisa isivuno seqembu lama-cherries azo zonke izinhlobo ezikhula eduzane. Futhi ngasikhathi sinye kuzoba nethuba lokutadisha futhi uthole izinzuzo zezinhlobo ezahlukene. Iphuzu elibalulekile - lapho utshala izinhlobo ezahlukene, udinga ukwazi ubude bawo futhi, uma kunesidingo, wandise ibanga phakathi kweziqu, ukuze lapho zingagcini ngokudana.

Ngokuqondene nokushiyeka kwezinhlobonhlobo, kuzibuyekezo, abalimi babiza ukungathandeki okukhulu kweNtombazana enguChokolethi ukuthambekeka kwezifo ezimbili - i-coccomycosis ne-moniliosis. Kodwa-ke, incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, enikezwe yiRegional State of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation, isho ukumelana okuhlobene ne-coccomycosis. Njengoba kungekho lwazi mayelana nokunye ukusilela, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukungabikhona kokugomeka kwe-moniliosis ukuphela kokwehluka kwezinhlobonhlobo. Futhi kuhle ngokwanele ukwazi izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawula lesi sifo ukuze usisuse.

I-Moniliosis yaqhamuka eRussia nakwamanye amazwe asondele phesheya: ngokusho kwemithombo ethile, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80 nasekupheleni kwama-90s. Ngaleso sikhathi, izingadi zaqala ukuhlupheka eBelarus, kwase kuba sezweni lethu.

Imvamisa, i-ejenti ebangelwa yi-moniliosis ingena kwesiqu se-cherry ngesikhathi sokuthena, ngokusebenzisa izingcezu ezintsha ezivulekile

Imvamisa ukutheleleka kungena esiqwini ngesikhathi sokuthena, ngokusebenzisa izingcezu ezintsha ezivulekile. Ngakho-ke, inqubo ihlanganiswa nokufafaza umqhele nge-Bordeaux uketshezi noma izidakamizwa ezikhethekile ze-antifungal noma amakhambi afakazelwe. Ukuphepha, ukwelashwa okufanayo kuyaphindwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza.

I-spores ifihle ngaphansi kwesihlahla kumakhasi awile. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso sokuvinjezelwa kwe-moniliosis ukukhipha nokushisa wonke amaqabunga awele ekwindla, ufafaze inhlabathi nge -llime, i-fluffy lime bese ugcwalisa umbuthano wobusika ebusika ngembobo entsha yokumboza izimpande. Futhi futhi akunakwenzeka ukushiya izithelo ezomile noma ezibolile esihlahleni - zingaba izithombo zezinambuzane eziningi.

Umuthi otshalwe ngokujwayelekile, okhanyiswe kahle, ongewona omnyama, ongenawo umswakama omile okhakhayini unokungazethezeki okuqinile futhi ungamelana kangcono nanoma yisiphi isifo.

Ukutshala Ama-Cherry Chocolate

Lapho ufika, kufanele ulandele imithetho ethile.

Ukukhetha kwesihlalo

Intombazane eshokolethi izokhula kahle endaweni ekhanyisiwe, hhayi esishisayo, mhlawumbe ngaphandle kokusalungiswa. Kuyakwazi ukubekezelela umthunzi kancane, kepha emthunzini oqinile, umuthi uzokhula kancane, amajikijolo azokhula amancane futhi acwebile, futhi ngenxa yokuntuleka kwelanga ngaphandle kwelanga, ubungozi bezifo buphakeme kakhulu.

Kunezindawo lapho ama-cherries angakhuli ngokomthetho ngenxa yezinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi komhlaba - eduze kuka-1.5 m ukusuka ebusweni. Lapho nje izimpande zomuthi okhula zifinyelela kulokhu kubunwa, isihlahla siyafa. Futhi lokhu kungenzeka kungenzeki ngokushesha, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa emva kokutshala - ngonyaka we-4-6, izimpande zingafinyelela ekujuleni kwe-1,6 m.

Ama-Shokoladnitsa cherries azokhula kahle endaweni ekhanyisiwe enezinga eliphansi lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba

Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi

I-Cherry yalokhu kuhluka ayifuni kakhulu kwikhwalithi yenhlabathi, kepha kunezikhundla ezimbili okufanele zibhekwe:

• ukungathathi hlangothi noma umhlabathi omncane we-alkali nge-pH ka-7.0;
• inhlabathi iyaxega, ingaphefumula futhi ayinamanzi amile.

Kokubumbeka kobumba obumbaxa ngaphandle kobumba, izimpande zekherishi ziyokhula zibole. Ukutshala kule nhlabathi enjalo, inani elikhulu lomhlaba liyadingeka:

1. Umgodi wokufika akufanele ulungiselelwe hhayi ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande lwesithombo, kodwa izikhathi eziningi ububanzi nokujulile. Uhlelo lwezimpande olucwebezelayo lwe-cherry lutholakala ekujuleni kuka-15 kuye ku-70 cm (inqwaba isezingeni lama-20-40 cm). Izimpande ezinciphile, ezifana nesihlahla zingaya ekujuleni okukhulu, kepha awudingi ukulungiselela inhlabathi ngaphansi kwazo, zingakhula kunoma yikuphi ukuzalaniswa. Ngendawo, izimpande zamakhherubi zingaba usayizi womqhele izikhathi eziningana, ngakho-ke ngaphansi kwesihlahla esisodwa kuzodingeka ushintshe inhlabathi embuthanweni onobubanzi okungenani bamamitha ayi-3 ukusuka esiqwini:
   • ukujula okungama-40-50 cm kude nendawo;
   • ngokujula okungama-70 cm maphakathi nendawo, esizeni sokufika ngqo.
     

     Kumhlabathi osindayo, umgodi wokufaka ama-cherries ulungiswa ngobukhulu obukhulu kunokukhululeka

2. Inhlabathi ekhethiwe kufanele ihlanganiswe ne-turf inhlabathi, i-chernozem, i-humus, i-peat ize ikhululeke ngokwanele.
3. Ngakho-ke, inhlabathi elungiselelwe ibuyiselwa endaweni futhi okunye ukufika kwayo njengenjwayelo.

Indlela le iyakhanga, ngoba ngokutshala inani elikhulu leziqu zemithi kungcono ukuthola elinye isiza.

Ukukhetha izithombo nokutshala

Imvamisa kakhulu basebenzisa izithombo ezinonyaka owodwa nohhafu okufika ku-60-80 cm ukuphakama ngohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle (izithombo zalo nyaka zikhula kahle). Kepha kukhona nezincomo zokutshala izithombo ezineminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala ukuze sithole isivuno sokuqala ngokushesha iminyaka engu-1-2. Ukufakelwa kwempahla kwenziwa phakathi nesikhathi sokuphumula - ekwindla ngo-Okthoba noma entwasahlobo ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Kwenziwa kanjena:

1. Bamba umgodi wokufika ngosayizi wezimpande ngendlela eqondile. Njengomthetho, ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-1.5 ubudala zingamasentimitha angama-40 ububanzi kanye nama-80 cm ngokujula.
2. Inhlabathi ekhethiwe emgodini ixubene ne-humus (cishe amalitha ama-3 nge-10 amalitha enhlabathi) kanye nomlotha wezinkuni - amalitha ayi-0,5 ngamalitha ayi-10 enhlabathi.
3. Enkabeni bashayela ngokubala.
   

   Isithombo esincane se-cherry kufanele siboshwe esigxotsheni ukuze siyivikele emimoyeni enamandla

4. Inhlabathi ithululelwa emgodini nge-knoll engu-15-20 cm ukuphakama.
5. I-sapling yehliselwa ku-knoll, isakaza izimpande ngokucophelela. Kutalwe ekujuleni okufanayo lapho isithombo sikhulele enkulisa, okubonakala ngokusobala ngombala wegxolo. Kepha intamo yezimpande akufanele ibe yibhomu. Uma iphansi kakhulu kunezinga lomhlabathi, ukhula luyaphakanyiswa bese lithululelwa indunduma ephezulu. Ukuphakama okuphelele kwentamo yezimpande ngaphezu kwenhlabathi kungama-3-5 cm.
   
   

   Umsuka wempande yesithombo se-cherry kufanele ube ngu-3-5 cm ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi

6. Izimpande zithululelwa ngenhlabathi evulekile ukuze kungabikho zikhala zomoya ezinkulu.
7. Qondanisa inhlabathi ezungeze isiqu.
8. Amanzi ngesilinganiso samalitha ayi-10 amanzi ngebhali elilodwa.
9. Isithombo siboshelwe esigxotsheni ngentambo hhayi ehlukumezanayo nasegangeni noma umucu wezicubu ezithambile.
10. Imboza nge-humus, i-peat, i-sawdust ebolile noma yotshani obusikwe nge-cm engaba ngu-5 cm.
    

    Ngemuva kokutshala nokunisela, izithombo zifakwe ungqimba okungenani ngo-5 cm

Ukunakekelwa Kwashokolethi

Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa ngonyaka wokuqala wesithombo kulula:

• kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi umbuthano osondelene uhlanzekile ukhula ukhula;
• uma kungekho zimvula ezinamandla ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni, isithombo sizodinga ukuniselwa amalitha amanzi ayi-10-15. Ngaphezu kwehlobo nasekwindla, ukuthambisa kungadingeka kuphela uma kunesomiso esingajwayelekile.

Izihlahla

Esikhathini esizayo, i-Shokoladnitsa Cher izodinga izihlahla, ezenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kwe-sap. I-Cherry kufanele isikwe ngokucophelela nangokunembile: lokhu akuyona inhlobonhlobo ekhula ibe ngu-7 m futhi inomqhele onamagatsha anamandla, lapho i-plus noma minus yegatsha ingabalulekanga kangako. Ibha yetshokolethi ayikwazi ukunqunyelwa nje ngokutshala kanye nokwakhiwa komqhele. Izinhlobo nezinhloso zokulungisa:

• ngenhlanzeko - susa wonke amagatsha agulayo, aphukile nawabolile. Yonke ihlumela yezimpande inqunywe ngezansi - imane yenze buthaka umuthi;
• kwakha ukutshala:
  • uma amagatsha angajwayelekile asekhulile - akhula ngaphakathi komqhele, emhlabathini, aqondaniswe, bese asuswa. Igatsha lisikwa "libe yindandatho", okungukuthi, ngaphandle kwe-hemp. Indawo yokusikwa imbozwe nge-varnish yensimu, ngoba uma ukuthena kungalunganga, kungabekwa umgodi endaweni yokusika isikhathi, isihlahla sibole, sigule futhi singafa;
    

    Kubalulekile ukusika amagatsha e-cherry ngendlela efanele ukuze ukugxila kwalesi sifo kungangeni endaweni yokusika

  • nciphisa amagatsha anamathambo ukuze phakathi kwawo kube okungenani ne-10-15 cm ukuqeda ukuqina. Umuthi omdala kufanele ube namagatsha amakhulu wesikhumba angama-10-15;
• i-anti-ukuguga - yenziwe uma isihlahla esidala singenalutho - emikhawulweni yamagatsha akukho amaqabunga kanye nemiqumbe - futhi ikhule kabi. Cishe ingxenye yesithathu yawo wonke amagatsha amakhulu ifinyezwa cishe ngamamitha ayi 1. Ehlobo, amahlumela amaningi amasha azovela esizeni sezingxenye.

Into esemqoka okudingeka uyazi ukuthi i-cherry inika izithelo cishe kuphela ekukhuleni okuncane konyaka owedlule. Leli yiqoqo elilodwa noma iqembu lamagatsha anamaqabunga amakhulu elinamahlamvu amaningi. Futhi uma uzinquma zonke, ngeke kube khona ukuvuna. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla eziphambili kwenziwa entwasahlobo ukuze kuvuswe ukukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela amancane ehlobo, okuzonikeza isivuno esiningi sonyaka olandelayo.

Futhi entwasahlobo ungasika izingatsha zezithelo ngonyaka ophelile - kulo nyaka ngeke kube khona ukuvuna kuzo. Amaphethelo abo anqunywa aba ngama-buds amaningana, kungakhathalekile ukuthi athinta amahlumela wokubuyiselwa ngonyaka owedlule, ozothela izithelo kulo nyaka. Futhi endaweni ye-cut, amahlumela amaningi amancane angase avele azothela unyaka olandelayo.

UCherry uzwela kakhulu ukuthenwa okungalungile futhi okunamandla kakhulu. Unokukhula okuncane konyaka, futhi ngemuva kokuthena ngakunye akabe esalulama ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, umgomo wokuthi "kungcono ukunganciphisi kunokuba unciphise okweqile" kufanelekile lapha.

Ukubuyekezwa

Umenzi we-chocolate uzithele, okuyi-plus, kunjalo. Kepha ukunambitheka kwama-cherries ngokwawo akuphelele, kanti futhi kukhipha i-minho enkulu, i-IMHO, kutholakala kalula kwizilonda ezinkulu ze-cherry - cocecycosis kanye ne-moniliosis. Ngazama ukuyitshala, kepha ukhula lwayo (olwalune-ACS) aluzange luqale futhi, seluhlushwe ehlobo, lwafa. Yathathelwa indawo i-Kharitonovskaya, e-tastier futhi elwa nezilonda fungal.

mooch

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Izithelo zipholile, kepha sithola okuncane kakhulu. AmaBlackbirds adla konke. Igridi kumele ivalwe. Futhi ukunakekelwa kufana nanoma iyiphi i-cherry.

amamitha wamanzi

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Ngisenesihlahla esincane, okokuqala sathela izithelo. Kepha eduze kwakhe, umbambisi wemvelo ubonakala enganakile. Esiseduzane i-cherry yomakhelwane ezwa, kepha ayiphathi i-cherry ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, kungaba yisidlakela noma i-cherry encane yesibili eduze kwe-Chocolate Girl iqhakaze ngokunganakiwe.

Starche-05

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Ukunambitheka kwama-cherries bekuyinto ejwayelekile kuwo wonke umuntu kusukela ebuntwaneni, futhi izingadi zaseRussia azinakuqondakala ngaphandle kwesihlahla. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, i-Shokoladnitsa ibukeka inketho efaneleke kakhulu yokuqandelwa isithwathwa nokubekezelela isomiso, kanye nokunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu kwamajikijolo phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimnyama. Uyedwa noma eqenjini, lokhu okuhlukahlukene, kungasiza kakhulu kubanikazi bawo.