Izihlahla ezinqabisayo - izinhlobo nokulindelwa kwempilo

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla zizungeze abantu yonke indawo. Kodwa-ke, akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi yiziphi izihlahla ezinamandla, izinhlobo zazo, amagama. Lo mbhalo uzoxoxa ngabo, kanye nezindlela zokufika.

Isihlahla sokuphila

Amagama nezincazelo zezitshalo eziqabulayo:

I-Common Oak luhlobo lohlobo lwe-Oak oluvela emndenini wakwaBeech, olufinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha angama-30 kuya kwengama-40 futhi luhlala endaweni enkulu. Umuthi ngokwawo mkhulu, ubanzi, futhi unamagatsha amaningi nesiqu esikhulu (cishe amamitha amathathu ubukhulu). Umqhele ubunjwe bunjengobuso obungenasici, luhlaza okotshani obumnyama. Amagxolo asondele kumnyama, awugqinsi. Amaqabunga agqamile, anomumo wenhliziyo, mkhulu, awalingani.

Izitshalo ezinqumayo

Ukuqhekeka okujulile kuvela lapho isihlahla sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-20-30. Isitshalo sehlathi lase-perennial siphila cishe iminyaka engama-300-400, endaweni ethile eminyakeni eyi-100 iyeka ukwanda ngosayizi.

Sisatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Yurophu, engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeRussia, kanye nasenyakatho ne-Afrika nasentshonalanga ye-Asia.

I-acacia emhlophe (i-nhema-robinia) luhlobo lohlobo lwe-Robinia oluvela emndenini we-legume. Imvamisa umuthi ufinyelela ku-20-25 m, kepha kukhona futhi u-30 kuya ku-35 m. I-Acacia ibanzi ngomqhele ovulekile kanye nesiqu esiqinile sino ububanzi be-1 m, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu. Amahlamvu amancane, aluhlaza okhanyayo, oyindilinga, acwebile cishe amasentimitha ayi-10-25. Igxolo linombala onsundu ngombala, alimnyama kangako ngamakhaza amade okujulile.

Ihlala kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-100. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva konyaka wama-40 kuqala ukukhula kancane futhi sekuvele kuthathwa njengokudala. EFrance, eParis, kukhula i- robinia yakudala, esevele ineminyaka engaphezu kwengama-400. Iyaqhakaza, yize isekelwa yizimbambo ezimbili zikakhonkolo, ezinzile. Izwe LaseKhaya - eMpumalanga Melika. Manje isikhule njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa kuwo wonke amazwekazi, ezifundeni ezishisayo.

Imephu eyenziwe ngesimo somuntu fan (umumo fan) luhlobo lweMaple yohlobo oluvela emndenini weSalindov. Ukuphakama kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-10 m, kubuye kube yi-16 m, ngakho-ke akusho ukuthatha isikhala esiningi. Inemithi eminingana eqinile. Amagxolo amnyama ngombala ohlaza okotshani nokuhlaza okuncane. Amahlamvu anamaqabunga angama-5, 7 noma angu-9 amasentimitha angama-4 ukuya ku-12 cm. Umbala ususela kokuluhlaza okomvana kuya ku-burgundy Isende likaCrohn. Kungabukeka kuhlukile ngokuya ngeminyaka.

Ubudala bungafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-100. Ikhophi elidala kunazo zonke lise-USA (New York), elineminyaka engaba ngu-114 ubudala. Ezasekhaya yiJapan, Korea neChina, kepha kutholakala kwezinye izindawo.

Imephu ebunjwe nge-Dune

I-birch emhlophe igama elisebenza ezinhlotsheni ezimbili ezivela kuhlobo lweBirch, umndeni wakwaBirch: i-fluffy birch (i-pubescent) ne-drooping birch, efinyelela ku-25 kuye ku-30 ​​m ukuphakama futhi ifinyelela ku-1 m ku-trunk ububanzi. Lezi zinhlobo zombili ziyizihlahla zakudala zeMiddle Band, ezinamaqabunga angaba ngu-7 cm ubude, mancane, luhlaza okotshani ngombala, ovoid. I-bark is brownish, kuze kube iminyaka eyi-10 iqala ukuguquka ibe mhlophe.

Sikhula eYurophu, eRussia, ngokwesibonelo, okuningi okutshalwe ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha. Imvamisa, izinhlobo ezimbili zikhula ndawonye, ​​yingakho kwaqhamuka igama elilodwa elifanayo. Isikhathi sokuphila singaba yiminyaka eyi-120, yize kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ngaphezulu.

I-acutifolia maple (emise okwezindiza, eyindiza-uhlobo) iyi-genus Maple evela emndenini weSalindov. Ifinyelela ku-12 kuye ku-28 m ukuphakama. Amahlamvu amise ngomgwaqo ngama-lobes ayi-5 noma angu-7 afinyelela ku-18 cm ngosayizi. IMaple imele izihlahla ezinqumayo, ngakho-ke umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokuluhlaza okotshani kuya kolintshi ngokuya ngesizini. Amagxolo ansundu abushelelezi futhi angaba mnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ezimweni ezinhle, ingaphila iminyaka engama-200, yize eminyakeni engama-50-60 ingasakhuphuki. Enye yamabalazwe amadala amise okwenziwe indiza e-Ukraine, eKiev. Indawo yokuhlala yiYurophu, ingxenye esentshonalanga ye-Asia.

I-Horse chestnut Pavia iyinhlobo yohlobo lwamahhashi ama-Horse Chestnuts avela emndenini weSalindov. Umuthi omncane ongafinyelela kumamitha ayi-12. Isiqu sincane, simncanyana, simbozwe ngokhuni olukhanyayo, olugrey. ICrohn ibanzi, igcwele futhi inamagatsha abomvu. Ihamba ibheke ku-14 cm ubude nge-serated onqenqemeni kanye nemithambo ebonakalayo yombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Ziqukethe ama-lobes ayisihlanu aqine kakhulu.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, ziphila kusuka eminyakeni engama-200 kuye kwengama-300, noma imvamisa kunqunyelwe eminyakeni eyi-150. Eningizimu yeYurophu, eNdiya, e-Asia, abantu bathanda ukuyitshala ezweni noma eduze kwendlu njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, endaweni yemvelo ingatholakala eNyakatho Melika.

I-Horse Chestnut Pavia

I-euonymus enamaphiko iyinhlobo yohlobo lwe-euonymus ovela emndenini we-eugamaus. Isihlahla esincane esingamamitha amathathu ubude sinomqhele onezimbali ezinobukhulu. Isiqu sincane ngamagatsha amaningi. Amagxolo a nsundu, emaphethelweni kunezimpiko zikakhokho ezingavamile. Amaqabunga angama-obovate afinyelela ku-5 cm aluhlaza, kodwa ekwindla angaba bomvu obomvu okwe-carmine.

Ihlala iminyaka engama-50-60. Ngalesi sikhathi, izimpande nesiqu ziyaqina, ukukhula kuyama ngemuva kweminyaka engama-25-30. Ihanjiswa eJapan, Manchuria naseCentral China.

I-European beech luhlobo lohlobo lwe-Beech oluvela emndenini wakwaBeech. Lesi sihlahla sifinyelela ku-50 m ukuphakama, sinesiqu esincane, esimise okwekholomu sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ububanzi. ICrohn ibanzi, iyindilinga. Amagxolo awumnyama kakhulu, grey, abushelelezi, kepha kungahle kube nezikali ezincane. Amaqabunga ayindilinga, akhomba zombili ezisekelweni nakuthango kufika ku-10 cm ubude. Umbala usukela kokuluhlaza obumnyama entwasahlobo kuya onsundu ekwindla.

Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, iminyaka ye-beech ingafinyelela eminyakeni engama-500, futhi ifike eminyakeni engama-300. Kodwa-ke, kunesibonelo esineminyaka engaba ngu-930 ubudala. Imvamisa itjalwa e-Europe, kepha futhi yethulwe eNyakatho Melika.

I-European beech

Isihlahla se-Apple - uhlobo lomndeni Pink, subfamily Plum. Uhlu luqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-62. Edume kakhulu: ikhaya, amaShayina futhi aphansi. Izihlahla ezinamacembe amancanyana zisuka kumamitha ayi-2,5 kuye kwayi-15. Igxolo linombala onsundu ngemifantu emincane, izinhlobo zasendle zingaba nameva. Kushiya ama-pubescent ngezansi ngama-stipule awayo noma asele. Izimbali ziqoqwa kuma-inflorescence amancane we-corymbose. Izithelo ziyi-apula elakhiwe kusuka esibelethweni esingaphansi.

Umuthi wama-apula usabalele eYurophu, e-Iran, eCrimea, eChina, eMongolia naseRussia.

ULinden uyilungu lomndeni wakwaMalvaceae, onezinhlobo ezingama-45. Okudume kakhulu: ezincane-leaved, ezinkulu-leaved, wazizwa, zaseMelika, njll. Ukuphakama kuyahlukahluka kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-38 m. Umqhele uthungwe. Amaqabunga abunjiwe ngenhliziyo ngomugqa we-serated ongaphezulu noma ongaphansi; kukhona amasampula. Amagxolo amnyama grey, kukhona imifantu embalwa. Ngokuvamile kuyizinto ezineshidi.

ILinden yisihlahla esingapheli esihlala iminyaka eyi-500. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhula isikhathi eside: kuze kube yi-800, kanye neminyaka eyi-1000 (linden cordate). Ngokuvamile kutholakala ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwe-Europe, i-Asia neNyakatho Melika.

I-Common Ash - uhlobo lohlobo lwe-Ash oluvela emndenini we-Olive, olufinyelela ku-20-30 m ukuphakama, isiqu sobubanzi 1 m. Ukuvulwa kukaCrohn, ububanzi. Amagxolo a brown brown, grey ngama-cracks amancane. Amaqabunga ama-pinnate, angaqukatha kusuka kumacembe ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-15. Amaqabunga angama-ovate, amade, aphelele.

Umuthi owaphila isikhathi eside ufinyelela eminyakeni engama-400. Ezasekhaya - iYurophu, iTranscaucasia kanye ne-Iran.

I-Ash evamile

Ukuqhaqhazela poplar (i-aspen) - uhlobo lohlobo lwezinhlobo zohlobo lomndeni ophuma emndenini waseWillow. Ifinyelela ku-35 m ukuphakama no-1 m ubukhulu. Amagxolo akhanya, aphuzi, aqhekeke futhi abe mnyama mnyama isikhathi. Amaqabunga angama-rhombic aze afike ku-7 cm, isiqhingi phezulu. Umqhele ubanzi, uyasakazeka.

Ngokuvamile izihlahla ziphila iminyaka engama-80, yize zenzeka kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-150. Kusatshalaliswa eYurophu, e-Asia, eMpumalanga Afrika, eNyakatho Melika.

I-Hornbeam luhlobo lomndeni wakwaBirch, onezinhlobo ezingama-41. Igxolo limpunga, liqhekeka kancane. Amahlamvu okusaqanda aze afike ku-10 cm nge-parallel-pinnate venation, luhlaza omnyama onesihloko esicijile. Isiqu sinciphile, muhle.

Iminyaka isukela eminyakeni eyi-100 kuye kwengama-150, noma yenzeka kuze kube yiminyaka engama-400. Uhlobo luvezwa e-Asia, ikakhulukazi eChina, kanye naseYurophu.

I-Ash luhlobo lomndeni wakwa-Olive. Ifinyelela ku-25-35 m, amanye aze afike ku-60 m ukuphakama. Ububanzi besiqu bude bufika kumamitha ayi-1. Umqhele uphakanyiswa kakhulu, uyindilinga ebanzi. Amagxolo amnyama grey, abushelelezi, ezansi ngemifantu emincane. Amacembe aphambene nama-40 cm, aqukethe amaqabunga ayi-7-15. Lezi zokugcina ziluhlaza obumnyama ngensika ebunjiwe njengazo zonke izisekelo, ezingenalutho kusuka phezulu.

I-Ash ingaphila iminyaka engama-400. Kutholakala eYurophu, eRussia, e-Asia.

Izihlahla ezithanda amanzi ukukhipha isiza

Ezinye izingxenye zenhlabathi zingase zibe nezibhuku kakhulu futhi zimanzi, yingakho ezinye izitshalo zingakhuli kahle. Indlela yokuphuma ukutshala izihlahla ezithanda umswakama nezihlahlana.

I-Alder luhlobo lomndeni wakwaBirch, oluhlukahlukene oluyizinhlobo ezingama-40. Kushiya spherical nge emaphethelweni Blunt kanye nemithambo okhulumayo. Amagxolo amdaka onsundu ngemifantu emincane. I-Crohn isethi ephezulu, ebanzi. Ifomu lempilo lishintsha kusuka ezimweni. Njengoba i-alder ithanda umswakama, imvamisa ibonakala eduzane nezibhuku. Lapho, imelelwa yizihlahla kuze kufike kumamitha angama-30. Ezindaweni ezomile ibukeka njengesihlahla esincane, kwesinye isikhathi isihlahla somhluzi.

I-Larch luhlobo lomndeni wakwaPine. Ngomswakama omuhle, ingakhula ibe ngamamitha angama-50 futhi iphile iminyaka engaba ngu-300-400 (kukhona amasampula asindayo aze afike eminyakeni engama-800). Izinaliti zithambile, umqhele uvele. Iziqu zinciphile, amagxolo asinsundu ngemifantu emincane. Ikhula esifundeni se-taiga, esishisayo sase-Euro kanye naseNyakatho Melika. Ngokuvamile kutholakala emahlathini e-coniferous.

Imephu yesiTatar iyinhlobo yohlobo lweMaple, umndeni wakwaSalindov. Imvelaphi yaseYurophu naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga Asia, ikhula ezigodini nasemifuleni. Ngokuya ngesilinganiso samanzi, angaba ngamamitha ayi-12 ukuphakama ngegxolo elincanyana, elibushelelezi, elimnyama futhi elilula, elihlukile, elinamaqabunga ama-oval aze afike ku-11 cm ubude.

Iplamu yasekhaya

Futhi-amanzi ancibilikayo yi-ash, birch nesihlahla sezithelo zeplamu.

Impilo, umuntu kumele atshale isihlahla, akhe indlu akhulise umntwana. I-athikili inikele ngemininingwane ewusizo ukuze ibhekane nento yokuqala ngokukhetha umuthi ozokhula kahle nesayithi lomnikazi.