I-Efratha ivame ukuhlonishwa ngenxa yekhono labo lokuhlobisa noma iyiphi ingxenye kulo lonke unyaka. Etshaleni nasehlobo, bagcizelela ubuhle bezimbali nezimbali eziqhakazayo, futhi ebusika bahlukaniswa izindawo eziluhlaza okwebala ngokumelene nesizinda somhlabathi oqhwaqhoziwe kanye nezihlahla ezingenalutho. Ipayipi yezintaba, mayelana nokutshala nokukhathalela okuzoxoxwa, okuthandwa yizakhamuzi zasehlobo kanye nabakhi bezemvelo ngenxa yobukhulu bayo kanye nokungazenzisi.
Intaba ye-pine: incazelo yesitshalo
Intaba yepine (Pinus mugo) iyinhlobo ye-shrub ye-pine encane, nakuba imithi evame kakhulu endle. Ukuphakama kwezihlahla kufike ku-4-5 m, kanti izihlahla - i-7-8 m. Uhlasela e-mountain pine - emfushane, ezinwabuzelayo emhlabathini bese zigobile phezulu. Uhlelo lwempande lungaphandle, luhlanganiswe ngokuqinile. Izinaliti zinemibala eluhlaza okomnyama. Ubude bezinaliti bufinyelela ku-4 cm. Baqoqwa ngezinqwaba zezicucu ezimbili, zisontekile kancane. Impilo yabo isukela eminyakeni emi-3 ukuya kwemihlanu. Emathandathu noma ayisishiyagalombili, ama-cones avela esihlahleni sephayini, eseza ukuhlobisa emthini. Ziyi-cone-shaped, enombala obomvu embala, u-3-6 cm ubude.
Uyazi? Ukutholakala kwama-conifers amancane okukhula kancane kuye kwaziwa kusukela ngekhulu leshumi nesikhombisa. Izwe lakubo yiziqhingi zase-Central and Southern Europe. Kamuva, i-Pinus mugo yasakaza emasimini engadini emhlabeni jikelele.
I-Pine Pinus inezinzuzo eziningana:
- inezinga elihle lokubamba ubusika;
- ukumelana nesomiso;
- ukuvinjelwa kwemimoya ngenxa yesimiso esiqinile sezimpande;
- unamagatsha aqinile angaphumi ngaphansi kwesihenqo seqhwa;
- ukungahleleki ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi;
- ukubekezelela izihlahla;
- Ezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla zikaphayini zithinteka yizifo nezinambuzane;
- efanele ukutshala ezindaweni zasemadolobheni, ukumelana nokungcola komoya;
- Isibindi eside - singaphila iminyaka engu-1000.
Ukuzala i-pine intaba kwenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu: ukusika, ukuhlanganiswa kanye nembewu. Amazinga okukhula okuphansi ajwayelekile ku-ephedra: ukukhula konyaka ku-10 cm ukuphakama no-15 cm ngobubanzi. Lapho uneminyaka eyishumi, umuthi ufinyelela ekuphakameni okuphezulu kwe-0.6-1 m, ububanzi buka-0.6-1.8 m.
Ukukhethwa kwePine kwesayithi
Uma unquma ukutshala iholide e-cottage ehlobo futhi ungazi ukuthi ungaqala kuphi, khona-ke phakathi kwezincomo zendlela yokutshala i-pin pine, izinto eziza kuqala kuzoba iseluleko ngokukhetha insimu efanelekayo yezinhlobonhlobo bese ukhetha isithombo ngesikhathi sokuthenga.
Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene
Intaba yepineyini inezinhlobo ezimbalwa ze-subspecies nezinhlobonhlobo ze-ornamental, kodwa manje sizochaza ezinye zezici ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. I-subspecies iphuma: izihlahla, ama-multilateral kanye ne-elfin nezihlahla. Emasimini, okuvamile kakhulu ama-shrub (ama-mugus) nama-elfin (ama-pumilio) amafomu. Bobabili owokuqala nowesibili banezinhlobo eziningi. Lezi zihlahla ezincane kakhulu ezinamanzi nezitshalo. Zinezinhlobo ezahlukene zomqhele (spherical, pillow, columnar, njll), ukuphakama (kusuka ku-40 cm kuya ku-4 m), umbala wezinaliti (oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oluhlaza okomnyama, ompunga, wegolide).
Izinhlobonhlobo "ezidalwa". I-shrub ikhula kuze kufike ku-2 m ukuphakama. It has umqhele spherical. Izinaliti - oluhlaza okomnyama. Isetshenziselwa ukuthutha okunye kanye namaqembu emhlabathini omuncwane, ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Kanti futhi etshalwe ezigulini, ophahleni.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Pug". Izihlahla ezinamanzi, ezifinyelela ku-1.5 m ubude. Ukuphakama nobubanzi bomqhele ngokuvamile bubungako obufanayo. Umqhele ukhula njengebhola. Amagatsha ahlanganiswe kakhulu. Izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eziqondile, ubude obuyi-2-4 cm. Abakhiqizi bakhetha ukukhula lezi zinhlobonhlobo njenge-tapeworm, emaqenjini asezindaweni eziluhlaza.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Mini Pug". Ishicilelwe yi-shrub encane, ephezulu ka-40-60 cm. Umqhele ukhula ufike ku-1 m ububanzi futhi unomumo wenduku. Izinaliti - obumnyama obuhlaza, inaliti. Kufanelekile ukutshala emthunzini omnyama. Faka isicelo sokuthutha okukodwa kanye neqembu ngamagquma amatshe.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Kolumnaris". Ukuphakama okuphezulu kwezitshalo zalolu hlobo yi-2.5 m, ububanzi bomqhele bufinyelela ku-3 m. Umqhele wanciphisa i-coniferous, izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nokufana nesinaliti. Efanelekile ukutshala i-soliter namaqembu, emadidini amadwala, emithambekeni.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Gold Gold". I-shrub encane enomqhele oyindilinga. Izinaliti zishintsha umbala kuye ngokuthi inkathi: ehlobo kuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ekwindla kuphuzi lwegolide. Lesi sitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama kwama-cm 50 nobubanzi bamamitha ayi-1.
Uyazi? Izinhlobonhlobo zezintaba ze-pine, ezivame ukutshala ensimini, zifaka phakathi i-Cockade, enezinaliti ezimbili ezinemibala ephuzi efana ne-dragon.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Compact". Ukuphakama kwesihlahla sokuqala se-4-5 m, ukuvinjelwa okuningi. Crown ngendlela yebhola. Izinaliti zidwetshwe ngombala obomvu, u-2.5-3.5 cm ubude. Kunconyelwe ukutshala emagqumeni ase-alpine, ngama-singly nangamaqembu.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Frisia". Ifinyelela ubukhulu kuze kube ngu-2 m. Inomthamo oqinile, owenziwe ngamandla futhi amagatsha aqondile. Isetshenziselwa ukutshala iziqephu ezilodwa kanye neqembu emasimini amatshe, futhi njengezitshalo zangaphakathi.
Izinhlobonhlobo "Ofir". Okuthakazelisayo ngenxa yesimo esifana nephini. Ngosayizi, le phayini isincane - i-0.4 m high futhi i-0.6 m ububanzi. Phezulu, izinaliti ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka segolide, amagatsha asemthunzini kanti ngaphakathi komqhele kukhona okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Imithetho yokukhetha isithombo
Lapho ukhetha isihlahla sokutshala, qaphela ukuthi ukubukeka kwayo ngokujwayelekile kukhuluma ngokuthuthukiswa kwezempilo nokujwayelekile. Amathiphu ezinaliti akufanele abe omile noma aphuzi. Ngaphambi kokuba utshale ipineyini yezintaba, unqume ukuthi uzothengela yini insimu ngesistimu evulekile noma ngevaliwe. Okukhethwa kukho okugcina kuyisihlahla ebhodweni esingakwazi ukubekezelela kangcono ukutshala futhi ukuvumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha.
Ukutshala, kungcono ukhethe izithombo ezincane, kuze kube yiminyaka emihlanu ubudala. Ngokunakekelwa okukhethekile udinga ukuhlola uhlelo lwempande le-seedling, njengoba kufanele lukhululeke ekulimaleni nasekubola. Uma uthenga umuthi esitsheni, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhule kulokhu, futhi ungalimi kuwo maduzane ngaphambi kokudayiswa. Indlela elula izokusiza ukunquma lokhu: uma izimpande zibukeka zivela emigodini yamanzi embizeni, khona-ke isitshalo sikhule kulo.
Kubalulekile! Kungcono ukuthi ungathengi izithombo ezitolo ezinkulu, kodwa ezikhungweni noma ezikhungo ze-horticultural. Amathuba okuthenga izithombo ezinempilo enhle kakhulu kakhulu.
Izici zokutshala i-pin pine ezweni
Kusukela ekukhethweni okulungile kwesayithi lokutshala i-pine ezweni futhi ukuqoqa inhlabathi kuxhomeke ekubukeni kwesimiso kanye nenhlalakahle yentuthuko yayo.
Indlela yokukhetha isayithi lokufika elidinga ukukhula okuphumelelayo
I-Mountain Pine iyisitshalo esithandayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zingakwazi ukubekezelela i-penumbra, kodwa emathunzini cishe wonke umuntu uyafa. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha izindawo ezivulekile, ezikhanyisiwe zokutshala i-conifer.
Kufanele kube yindawo yokutshala i-pin pine
I-pinepine yezintaba ingakhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi, ngisho neyimpofu kakhulu. Ayinandaba ne-acidity yomhlaba, kepha isitshalo esihlobisa kakhulu futhi esithuthukile siyobe sisitshalwe enhlabathini enhlabathi enesihlabathi futhi enesihlabathi, ngokuphendula okubuthakathaka kwe-asidi. Uma umhlabathi wephayini unesihlabathi esikhulu, ungangezela ubumba kuwo.
Isikhathi sokutshala i-pine engadini yakhe
Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-pine sizosheshe siphume: ngo-Ephreli-Meyi. Futhi, umuthi ungatshala ekuqaleni kwekwindla: ekuqaleni kuka-September.
Kubalulekile! Ku-Mugus pine, ukutshala ekwindla kuyoba yinto engathandeki, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi ingabi nesikhathi sokuqina ngamandla amaqhwa.
Uhlelo lokutshala izithombo zezintaba ze-pine
Nasi umdwebo wendlela yokutshala i-pin pine. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukumba imbobo isikhulu kancane kunobumba lobumba - ngokulinganayo ububanzi buka-7-10 cm. Ukujula komgodi kufanele kube yi-0.8-1 m. Iphansi limbozwe ungqimba wamanzi angu-20 ukusuka emanzini, amatshe amancane, izitini eziphukile, ubumba obwandisiwe, njll. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuvimbela izimpande zokubola. Ukugeleza kwatshala inhlanganisela yenhlabathi.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-pine zisebenzisa i-substrate ehlanganisa:
- umhlaba we-sod - izingxenye ezimbili;
- ishlabathi (ubumba) - ingxenye eyodwa.
Futhi emgodini ungenza umquba, umquba obolile noma u-30-50 g we-nitrogen (eyinkimbinkimbi) umanyolo. I-sapling, ngaphandle kokubhubhisa i-coma e-earthy, ifakwa ngokucophelela ekuphepheni futhi ihlanganiswe nomhlaba, ishiya intamo impande ebusweni. Umhlabathi kufanele uhlanganiswe kancane, futhi umbuthano we-trunk kufanele uhambelane. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuphuza isitsha samanzi amaningi. Uma uhlela ukutshala amaphini amancane, kumele abekwe kude 1.5-4 m kusuka komunye nomunye.
Yiwo wonke ubuchwepheshe, indlela yokutshala i-pine intaba entwasahlobo. Isikhathi sokuqala emva kokutshala isihlahla esincane sizodinga i-pritenyat emisebeni yelanga, isebenzisa amagatsha e-spruce noma spunbond. Izitshalo ezineminyaka engama-5 ubudala zivame ukubekezelela ukufakelwa kwezitshalo, ngokushesha zihlanyele endaweni entsha, ngakho-ke ungashintsha indawo yokutshala izikhathi eziningana. Ama-specimens amadala azothatha isikhathi eside futhi obunzima ukugxila endaweni entsha, ngakho-ke badinga ngokushesha ukuthi bathathe indawo yokukhula okungapheli. Uma kungenjalo, ngaphambi kokufakelwa kabusha kuzodingeka ulungise uhlelo lwempande ngendlela ekhethekile noma ulufake nge-clod yobumba.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-mountain pine
Ukunakekela i-pin pine ngeke kwenzeke ubunzima obukhethekile, ngoba lesi sitshalo asifuni ukuchelela futhi sibekezelela kalula isomiso. Izinga lomswakama lomhlabathi kumele lihlolwe ngenkathi zikhula izitshalo ezincane. Inyanga yokuqala badinga ukuphuziswa kanye ngesonto, besebenzisa amabhakede amabili amanzi emthini owodwa. Esikhathini esizayo, ukuchelela kuyodingeka kuphela ngezikhathi eside, ezomile. Ngokuncintisana okuqinile kwenhlabathi kuyodinga ukuyikhulula. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi isistimu yezimpande zesitshalo itholakala eduze kakhulu nomhlabathi.
Imithetho yokondla i-pin pine
Nansi indlela yokutshala i-pine:
- i-nitroammofoskoy (40 g) noma enye umanyolo we-nitrogen ngenkathi yokutshala, ifakwe emgodini;
- entwasahlobo, ngonyaka wokuqala nonyaka wesibili wokuphila, umquba womanyolo obunzima emjikelezweni wesihlahla somuthi (isibonelo, "Kemira-Universal", ngesilinganiso sika-30-40 g isitshalo ngasinye).
Kubalulekile! Akunakwenzeka ukutshala umuthi wephayini ekwindla, ngoba amahlumela abasha ngeke abe nesikhathi sokubonga izinkuni.
Eminyakeni emibili emva kokutshala, umuthi wephayini ngeke usadinga umanyolo, ngoba uyakwazi ukusebenzisa izakhi ezibuthelwa emibhedeni ene-coniferous ephansi ngaphansi kwalo.
Ukutshala izihlahla
Njengoba imiqhele yezinhlayiya zokuhlobisa ihle kakhulu, ngokuvamile ayidingi izinwele ezikhethekile. Ifomu elihle lingakhiwa ngokusika noma ukuphoqa amahlumela amancane ngesithathu. Ngakho umqhele uzoba mkhulu kakhulu, futhi amahlumela ayophuza ukukhula. Entwasahlobo susa amagatsha aqhwaqwe futhi omisiwe. I-pin pine ibekezelela i-frost kahle, kodwa izitshalo ezincane zidinga indawo yokuhlala. Futhi eminyakeni emibili yokuqala kufanele ihlanganiswe ilanga, kusukela ngoFebhuwari. Njengawo wonke ama-conifers, i-pine ingaphansi kokushisa ukushiswa kwelanga kwezinaliti zamapayipi.
Indlela yokuzala i-mountain pine
Intaba yephayinsa isakazwa yizimbewu, izinsika kanye nama-graft. Indlela elula futhi evame kakhulu ukukhula izithombo kusuka imbewu. Lezi zinhlayiya cishe azivumelani nokusika. Okungenani, kuze kube manje akukaze kwenzeke ukutshala ngempumelelo u-Mugus ezihlukahlukeneyo ngendlela efanayo. Ngakho-ke, lapho uzalisa izitshalo, okuthandayo kunikezwa kwezinye izindlela.
Ukusakazwa kwembewu
Ukusakazwa kwembewu yindlela elula futhi eyamukelekayo kakhulu yokutshala ipineyini enhle nephilile. With izihlahla zokutshala ezinjalo zigcina ngokuphelele ukuhlobisa yabo. Chaza kafushane indlela yokukhiqiza imbewu ye-pin. Zingahlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile nasemabhokisini, futhi esimweni sesibili, ukuhluma kwamaphesenti kuyoba mkhulu. Ukuvuthwa kwembewu yephayini kwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokuvota impova. Imbewu yezinhlobo ezimbili ze-coniferous ingaba ngcono ukuqeda ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-30, yize kungenzeka ukuthi ungenzi ngaphandle kokuklanywa. Watshala kangcono entwasahlobo. I-Pyatikhvarnik ihlwanyela ekwindla, okungenani entwasahlobo. Imbewu yabo ingenakho ukukhishwa isikhathi eside - izinyanga ezingu-4-5.
Uma uhlwanyela emhlabathini ovaliwe, sebenzisa amabhokisi enziwe yiziphi izinto. Baqala ukwenza izimbobo zokugeleza. I-substrate kufanele ilula futhi ivuleke. Kunconywa ukuba ufafaze i-peat phezulu ukuze ugweme ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo zefungal. Futhi, inhlabathi kumele igcinwe kuhhavini ngokushiswa kwe-disinfection. Imbewu ayinqunyelwe i-disinfected ngesixazululo se "Fundazol" noma "Fitosporin". 
Emabhokisini bahlwanyelwa ngokungacacile, kude no-5 cm kusuka komunye nomunye. Futhi, imbewu ingafakwa nje emhlabathini, bese ikhululiwe kancane. Ikhava lekhono elinomfanekiso. Amahlumela kufanele avele kungakapheli inyanga. Emva kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuthi kuvulwe futhi kuphuziswa njalo. Emhlabathini ovulekile izithombo zingasuswa eminyakeni engu-1-2. Uma ukufakelwa kabusha uhlelo lwempande akuvezwanga.
Cuttings
I-pin pine, noma kunjalo, kanye nephayini, ukukhiqizwa yi-cuttings ayibekezeli kahle. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi ngale ndlela umuthi kunzima ukusiqeda. Ama-cuttings angu-7-10 cm asetshenziselwa kuphela ama-saplings, avela emagatsheni aphelile ngonyaka ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Zinqunywe kanye nengxenye yamagxolo esiqu - isithende. Emva kwezinsuku ezintathu, kunconywa ukuba ubambe emgodini ngamanzi namahora angu-12 esisombululo esivusa ukukhula kwezimpande. 
Lapho kuzaliswa iziphahla nge-cuttings, isitsha esine-substrate yomhlaba, i-peat nesihlabathi kulungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Ngezansi kufakwe amanzi. I-cuttings iyajula ngo-4-5 cm. Ibanga eliphakathi kwabo ligcinwe ngaphakathi kwe-10 cm. Khona-ke kubalulekile ukuhlela ukushisa okushisa okushisa okuphansi. Ekhaya, izinga lokushisa phansi kwetangi lingagcinwa ngokulifaka ebhokisini elinomquba, umquba noma amaqabunga owomile. Uma izitshalo zihlwanyelwe entwasahlobo, khona-ke ukuguqulwa kufanele kulindeleke kuphela ekupheleni kwekwindla konyaka ozayo. Uma uhlanganiswa emhlabathini ovulekile, ungqimba oluphansi lensimbi lumbozwe ngamanzi kusuka emveleni noma engcwabeni. Imibhede ifakwa emigqeni: umquba, inhlanganisela yomhlabathi, isanti. I-bottom of the cuttings iphathwa nge "Zircon" noma "Epin." Ukuqothulwa komzimba kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingu-5-6.
Ukugonywa
Amamaki aphezulu angasakazwa ngokuhlanganiswa, futhi izithombo ezineminyaka emine zithathwe esitokisini. Kunzima kakhulu ukwenza i-inoculation, futhi okunye okudingekayo kuyadingeka ukuze uthole incazelo eningiliziwe yenqubo yokuthi i-pin iveza kanjani ngale ndlela. Izinzuzo zokukhiqiza ngokuhlanganiswa ukuthi umuthi omncane uthola zonke izimfanelo ezihlukahlukene zesitshalo somama.
Uma isetshenziselwa ukuklama umhlaba, i-mountain pine itshalwe emadilini edwaleni, lapho kuhlwanyelwa khona, lapho kuhlwanyelwa khona, futhi isetshenziselwa ukulungisa umhlabathi. Kubonakala kuhle kakhulu kokubili njengombhobho kanye nokuhlwanyela kweqembu. Kuhamba kahle nge-birch, i-larch, i-spruce, i-pins yase-Balkan.
