Iqanda liyinkimbinkimbi ye-albenen ne-yolk evikelwe ethonyeni langaphandle ngamagobolondo noma igobolondo elimise okwesibindi, lapho i-embryo yezinyoni noma ezinye izilwane zakhiwa khona. Sihlale sibona lezi zakhi uma sidla amaqanda nganoma yiluphi uhlobo. Kodwa kunezinye izingxenye, ngaphandle kokuthi ukuzalwa kokuphila okusha akunakwenzeka. Ngeke zibonwe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngeso lengqondo. Futhi noma ngabe ziyabonakala, asibambeleli ukubaluleka kubo, ngoba ayithinti neze ukunambitheka komkhiqizo.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali weqanda
Iqanda lonke ngaphandle kwegobolondo liqukethe:
- amanzi - 74%;
- Indaba eyomile - 26%;
- amaprotheni (amaprotheni) - 12.7%;
- amafutha - 11.5%;
- ama-carbohydrate - 0.7%;
- umlotha (izinto ezinamaminerali) - 1.1%.
Thola ukuthi amaqanda ezinkukhu azinhle yini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungaphuza amaqanda aluhlaza, amaqanda amaqanda, yiziphi izigaba ezihlukaniswe ngamaqanda nokuthi zingaki amaqanda anesisindo.
Isakhiwo se-egg
Zonke izingxenye ezakhiweni zeqanda zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni impilo entsha. I-yolk iyondla umbungu, ikamelo lomoya libophezele ukuletha i-oksijeni, futhi igobolondo ivikela ikhukhu elizayo ezweni langaphandle. Ngolunye ulwazi mayelana nendima ngayinye yezingxenye zamaqanda, sichaza ngezansi. 
Isakhiwo seqanda lezinkukhu
Shell
Lona igobolondo elivikelayo langaphandle, eliqinile kakhulu. Cishe i-95% i-calcium carbonate. Umsebenzi walo oyinhloko ukuvikelwa kwezinsimbi zangaphakathi ezivela emthethweni engafanele yendawo yangaphandle. Uma sihlanza iqanda elivela egobolondo, kubonakala sengathi libushelelezi futhi liphelele. Lokhu akulona: kufakwe amaphorethi amancane lapho ukulawulwa kwe-air kanye nokulawula umswakama kwenzeke khona.
Kubalulekile! Uma igobolondo ibonakalisiwe ngenkathi inqubo yokufakelwa kweqanda, i-embryo izofa.
Igobolondo iqukethe:
- amanzi - 1.6%;
- izinto ezinomile - 98.4%;
- amaprotheni - 3.3%;
- umlotha (izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali) - 95.1%.
I-lip warp
Igobolondo le-membrane liyingqimba emibili, linamathebhu aphilayo angaphakathi. Esikhathini sokubunjwa kwamaqanda, le igobolondo isetha ukuma kwayo, futhi isivele isivele isakhiwo segobolondo. Ekupheleni kweqanda, amaqabunga egobolondo ahlukaniswa futhi kuhlanganiswe igumbi eligcwele igesi (i-oxygen) phakathi kwabo.
Ikamelo lomoya
Umgodi ogcwele igesi, phakathi kwezingxenye ezimbili zegobolondo le-membrane, ikamelo lomoya. Yakha uma inkukhu iphula iqanda. Iqukethe inani le-oksijeni elidinga igciwane phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokugxilwa.
Uyazi? Elinye igama lezintambo - Chalaz. Livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "χάλαζα", elisho "iphoyinti".
Kantik
Lona uhlobo lwensimu ye-umbilical, elungisa i-yolk endaweni ethile (maphakathi neprotheni). Kutholakala ezinhlangothini zombili ze-yolk. Yakhiwe kusuka ku-1 noma kwe-2 ye-strip strips of tishu. Ngentambo, i-embryo isondliwa kusukela e-yolk. 
Yolk sheath
Lona uhlobo oluthile lwendwangu ebonakalayo eyenza iqanda ngokwalo esiteji sokuthuthukiswa kwalo. Ukhonza njengomthombo wezakhi zombungu ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 zokuqala zokufakelwa.
Yolk
Iqoqo lezakhi ezibuthelwa esitokisini seqanda lesilwane ngesimo sezinhlamvu noma amacwecwe, ngezinye izikhathi zihlangene nesisindo esisodwa. Uma uhlola ngokucophelela i-yolk eluhlaza, khona-ke ungabona ukushintshwa kwezingqimba ezimnyama nezikhanyayo. Izendlalelo ezimnyama ziqukethe ubuningi obuqinile. Ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa, i-embryo ayitholi kuphela izakhi ezisuka ku-yolk, kodwa futhi i-oxygen.
Funda futhi ukuthi kungani izinkukhu zibeka amaqanda nge-yolk eluhlaza.
I-yolk iqukethe:
- amanzi - 48.7%;
- izinto ezinomile - 51.3%;
- amaprotheni - 16.6%;
- amafutha - 32.6%;
- ama-carbohydrate - 1%;
- umlotha (izinto ezinamaminerali) - 1.1%.
Amaphrotheni
Amaprotheni amaningi ahlukile ezindaweni ezahlukene. I-layer ye-thinnest ivule i-yolk. Kuyinto intambo. Okulandelayo kulandela uketshezi olunamanzi amaprotheni, okuwumthombo wokudla kombungu ngesikhathi sokuqala. Isendlalelo esilandelayo sincane kakhulu. Idla umbungu esigabeni sesibili futhi yenza imisebenzi yokuvikelwa, ingavumeli ikhukhu elizayo ukuthi lixhumane negobolondo.
Amaphrotheni aqukethe:
- amanzi - 87.9%;
- izinto ezinomile - 12.1%;
- amaprotheni - 10.57%;
- amafutha - 0.03%;
- ama-carbohydrate - 0.9%;
- umlotha (izinto ezinamaminerali) - 0.6%;
- ovoalbumin - 69.7%;
- i-ovoglobulin - 6.7%;
- i-conalbumin - 9.5%;
- ovomucoid amaprotheni - 12.7%;
- ama-ovomucins - 1.9%;
- i-lysozyme - 3%;
- I-Vitamin B6 - 0.01 mg;
- I-Folacin - 1.2 mcg;
- Riboflavin - 0.56 mg;
- I-Niacin - 0.43 mg;
- I-Pantothenic acid - 0.30 mg;
- I-Biotin - 7 mcg.
I-Germ Disk
Elinye igama yi-blastodisc. Kuyinto yokuqoqwa kwe-cytoplasm phezu kwe-yolk. Ngayo iqala ukuzalwa kwenkukhu. Ubuningi be-clot bungaphansi kwesibalo sonke se-yolk, esivumela ukuthi sibe phezulu ngaso sonke isikhathi (eduze nomthombo wokushisa, ungqimba).
I-Cuticle
Ukugqoka okungezona amaminerali phezulu kwegobolondo, okwakhiwa i-cloaca nokwenza imisebenzi yokuzivikela. Lolu ungqimba aluvumeli ukutheleleka, umswakama kanye negesi ukungena ngaphakathi.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze iqanda elithengi lihlale isikhathi eside, zama ukulimaza i-cuticle.
Njengoba ubona, umkhiqizo wethu wokudla evamile unesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho esingacabanga. Ngisho nento ebonakala ingabalulekile kakhulu yenza imisebenzi ebalulekile ekuzalweni kokuphila okusha.
