Amagilebhisi ayisihlahla esivundile esitshalwa emazweni amaningi. Emhlabeni jikelele, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwamajikijolo awo, ukukhulisa umkhiqizo. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akunangqondo uma isitshalo singaphilile. Ukusebenza ngamagilebhisi entwasahlobo kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifo kuzosiza ekugwemeni izimo zesitshalo.
Isidingo sokucubungula amagilebhisi entwasahlobo
Ukwelashwa kwentwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuvikela izifo, umsebenzi wezinambuzane.
Inkinga kulula ukuyivimba kunokuchitha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo wokuyiqeda.
Uma isiko litshaliwe entwasahlobo, lokhu akusho neze ukuthi ukunqwabelana ngeke kudingekile ehlobo. Kodwa-ke, izindlela zokuvimbela ukunciphisa ingozi yezifo, izinambuzane, zandisa inani lezilimo.
Icubungula ingenziwa kusetshenziswa:
- ukufafaza;
- ukuchelela umhlaba uzungeze isihlahla, kulandelwe ukukhululwa (cm cm), kufakwe ingulule nge-peat noma ngomquba.
Ungasebenzisa izindlela zokupheka zabantu, imikhiqizo yemvelo, amakhemikhali.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinketho zokuqala ezimbili kuyalulekwa kuphela ngezinjongo zokuvimbela noma ngomonakalo omncane kumagilebhisi ngezifo, izinambuzane.
Ngokwesimo esinganakwa, amakhemikhali abalulekile.
Isifo
Amagilebhisi athinteka kakhulu ezifweni zokukhunta ezithinta umvini we berry. Ama-spores alindele ubusika kudoti wesitshalo. 
Mildew amagilebhisi
Ngaphezu kwalokho, azifi emazingeni okushisa aphansi noma aphezulu. Ngokushesha lapho kudalwa izimo ezinhle, isikhunta siqala umsebenzi waso obalulekile. Okuvamile futhi okuyingozi kakhulu kufaka phakathi:
- Amanga we-Powdery mbumbulu (isikhutha) - ngomonakalo wemifino, kuvela amabala anamafutha. Ngokushesha bayakhula. Kwenzeka ngenxa yomswakama ophezulu. Uma isifo sesiqaliwe, amagilebhisi angafa.
- I-Powdery mildew (i-oidium) uphawu oluyinhloko: ukumbozwa okumpunga engxenyeni esemoyeni yesihlahla. Ngenxa yokwehlulwa, amajikijolo aqhekeka, amadraki ayavezwa.
- I-Anthracnose - kuvela amabala ansundu. Ngenxa yalokho, oluhlaza lufa luwe.
- Ukubola okumnyama - i-ejenti ebangela lesi sifo ingena ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ngesimo se-necrosis sithinta amaqabunga, sichitha izithelo. Kuyingozi kakhulu ngamagilebhisi, ngaphandle kokuthatha izinyathelo, uzokufa ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3.
- Ukubola okumpunga - kuvame ukuthinta amahlumela amasha nemivini, kubhubhise isivuno. Kwenzeka ngenxa yobuningi bokutshala.
- I-Bitter rot - isikhunta esimnyama, esinama-ashy, sivela emifantwini yamajikijolo ahlangana nenhlabathi. Iwayini elivela kulamajikijolo lithola i-aftertaste ebabayo.
- Ukubona indawo emnyama (Marsonin) - kubonakala ekuqaleni kwehlobo njengamachashazi amnyama kumakhasi, amajikijolo amnyama, amarothi enkuni.
Izici zokubikezela kusengaphambili kwezifo ngamaphutha ekunakekelweni. Uma lesi sifo singalashwa, ngokuzayo kubalulekile ukubukeza izimo zokutshala kwaso. 
Amagilebhisi we-Oidium
Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezingamelana nezilonda ezisohlwini zakhiwa.
Izinambuzane
Izinambuzane zilinda ukubanda kumakhasi awile kanye nokutshala okuqinile. Izinambuzane ngenani elilodwa ngeke zilimaze amagilebhisi. Kodwa-ke, banda ngokushesha okukhulu, ngaphandle kokwelashwa bazobhubhisa isihlahla. Izihlahla ezithintekayo ziba buthaka, ngenxa yalokhu zithinteka ezifweni.
Izinambuzane eziyingozi eziyingozi kakhulu:
- I-Phyloxera yisinambuzane esincane, esikhumbuza i-aphid emnyama. Ihlala ebusweni bomhlaba, imunca ujusi kuma-rhizomes, okucasulayo ukuthuthukiswa kwe-bacteriosis nefungi. Kunzima ukuqothula inkathazo, ngakho-ke ukuvikelwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
- IMarble Khrushchev - ibhungane elikhulu (kufika ku-3 cm) likakhilimu onsundu omnyama. Okuyingozi kakhulu izibungu ezithinta izimpande ziye kuma-300 cm.
- Leafworm - amacimbi adla ama-buds namajikijolo. Ungabona ukulimala kwezinambuzane yi-web kusuka amahlumela amancane esihlahla.
- Amagilebhisi angamagilebhisi isinambuzane esindiza esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka esiveza umswakama ophezulu. Izibungu zezinambuzane zidla ama-buds namaqabunga.
- ICicadas - izimvemvane ezigxuma ukudla esidlekeni sesitshalo. Lokhu kuthukuthelisa ukuthamba, ukusakazeka kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta. Ngesizini eyodwa nje, inkathazo ingashabalalisa zonke izilimo ezingadini. Ihlala ezitshalweni zezitshalo, aminyene aminyene.
- I-Spider mite yisinambuzane esibonakhulu. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukubona ngamehlo enqunu. Isilokazane sithambisa ujusi ovela kumagatsha amasha, amaqabunga. Impilo esebenzayo iqala esimweni sezulu esomile, ngokuntuleka komswakama. Izihlahla ezithintekile ziyalahla amahlamvu, zome. Isikhala sesicabucabu singakhonjwa yiwebhusayithi emincane phakathi kwamaqabunga, iziqu, izingwegwe ezifuyizelayo ezivela phansi kwamapuleti.
- Imibhoshongo - ivele impova ngesikhathi sezimbali, kepha ekugcineni iba yizinambuzane. Badla amajikijolo, avimbela ukuqoqwa, onakalisa izithelo.
- Imisipha neminenke - yidla imifino, i-photosynthesis ebi kakhulu. Kubonakala ngomswakama obedlulele.
Kunzima impela ukuqothula izinambuzane ezifakwe kuhlu. Esikhathini esiningi, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinobuthi kuyadingeka, okuyinto engalungile kakhulu ngesihlahla sezithelo.
Inqubo yokulungiswa kwentwasahlobo yamagilebhisi, imithetho yokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa
Imvamisa, amagilebhisi avikelwa ebusika. Entwasahlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lizinza, umuthi uvulwa kancane kancane, amagatsha aboshwe. Ngemuva kokususwa ngokuphelele kwendlu yokukhosela, ukulungiselela isizini ezayo kuqala:
- Ngemuva kobusika (endaweni ephakathi neRussia - Ephreli 1-15, eningizimu - ngoMashi), phatha nge-fungicides. Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, lokho kusebenza kuyaphindwa.
- Ukufafaza kwesibili kwenziwa engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ama-insecticides amelana nezinambuzane nama-fungicides ezifweni asetshenziswa. Uma umuthi ushaywe yizimbunguzane, ukwelashwa kufanele kuphindwe ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12.
- Ukufafaza kokugcina kwenziwa ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngama-insecticides othintana nama-fungicides.
Ukucutshungulwa akuvunyelwe ngesikhathi sekwenziwa ihlumela. Ehlobo, izindlela zokwelapha zenziwa lapho kutholwa izilonda. Ekwindla, ukucubungula kokugcina kwenziwa ngemuva kokuwa kwemifino.
Ungawacubungula kanjani amagilebhisi entwasahlobo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni: izidakamizwa ezingama-32 ezinhle kakhulu
| Umuthi, iresiphi yabantu | Izindinganiso zokupheka | Izifo, izinambuzane | Iyacubungula |
| Abiga Peak | 40 g / 10 l. | I-Peronospore fungus, i-Powdery isikhutha, ukubola okubabayo, iMarsonin. | Kuzo zonke izigaba. |
| Albite | 3 ml / 10 l. | I-Powdery Mildew | - Ngaphambi kwezimbali. - Ekwakhekeni kwezithelo. |
| I-Baktofit | 10 ml / 10 l. | Kuzo zonke izigaba, imvamisa yamasonto ayi-1.5-2. | |
| Uketshezi lweBordeaux | 3-4%. | Downy isikhutha. | Ukunisela ngaphambi nangesikhathi kwenzeka izinso. |
| Kepha-ke | 0,15. | Oidium. | Ukufafaza okuphindwe kathathu esikhathini sezimila ngokuvama kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12. |
| I-Buzzer | 0,5-0,75. | Muldew, Marsonin. | Ukufafaza kuzo zonke izigaba. |
| I-Cumulus | 6-8. | I-Powdery Mildew | Ukwelashwa lapho kuvela izimpawu zesifo. Isikhathi esiphakathi kokufafazwa yizinsuku eziyi-10-12. |
| I-Cuproxate | 5-6. | Mildew. | Ukunisela esikhathini sokumila. |
| I-Cuprolux | 25-30 ml ngamalitha ayi-10. | Ukufafaza kuzo zonke izigaba. | |
| IMediya | 0,8-1,2. | I-Powdery mildew, bola, i-marsonin. | Ngokubonakaliswa kwezimpawu zezifo ngokuphumula kwamasonto okungenani angama-1-1,5. |
| Ikhaya | 15-20 g / 10 l. | Mildew. | - Uma izimpawu zitholakala okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. - Izimbali ngemuva kwesikhathi. - Ukuvela kwesithelo. - Lapho amajikijolo efinyelela ngosayizi wepea. |
| Kuyashesha | 2,5. | Iyacubungula esikhathini sokukhiqiza imvamisa amasonto ayi-1.5-2. | |
| Inzuzo Yegolide | 4 g / 10 l. | Kuzo zonke izigaba. | |
| Sporobacterin | 20 g nge-100 sq.m. | I-Mildew, i-powdery hlobo, i-grey bola. | Iyacubungula esikhathini semifino. |
| Iza maduze | 0,3-0,4. | I-Oidium, iMarsonin ne-black rot, i-rubella. | - Esigabeni sokuqothula. - Kuze kufike izithelo zeqembu - Bese kuthi imvamisa yezinsuku eziyi-10-14. |
| Amasaka | 0,15-0,2. | I-Oidium, i-Downy isikhutha. | Ukunisela esikhathini sokumila. Kusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana namanye ama-fungicides, ngaphandle kwama-strobilurins. |
| UTopazi | 0,4. | I-Powdery Mildew | Ngesikhathi sokukhula. |
| I-Tiovit Jet | 30-50 g nge-10 amalitha. | Ukufafaza kathathu esikhathini sezitshalo. | |
| I-Homoxyl | 15-20 g nge-10 amalitha. | Mildew. | - Uma amabala atholakala ngesikhathi sokuhluma noma ama-prophylaxis amasonto ayi-1.5 ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. - Ngemuva kokuwa kwama-petals. - Lapho kuvela amajikijolo. |
| Ikholomu | 0,6-0,7. | Zonke izinhlobo zokubola. | - Ukuqala kwezimbali. - Ngaphambi kokukha amajikijolo ngamaqoqo. - Ukuqala kokufakwa kwezithelo. |
| I-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka | Ukwelashwa kokuqala - 300 g ngebhakede lamanzi, elalandela - 100 g. | Ukutheleleka kwesikhunta. | Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngaphandle kwenkathi yezimbali. |
| I-iron sulfate | 500 g / 10 l. | I-Downy hlobo, i-anthracnose. | Ngemuva kokususwa kwendawo yokukhosela, kuze kubonakale izinso. |
| I-Ridomil Gold | 10 g / 4 l. | Mildew. | Lapho kuvela izimpawu zesifo. |
| Quadris | 60-80 ml / 10 l. | I-Mildew, i-powdery isikhutha. | Ngaphambi nangemva kokuvela kwezimbali. |
| Isibabule se-Colloidal | 40 g ngebhakede lamanzi apholile. | Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. | |
| IVermitek | 5-8 ml ngamalitha ayi-10. | Imikhaza | Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokuvuvukala kwezinso. |
| Bi-58 | Ampule ebhakedeni lamanzi. | Spider web futhi wazizwa umkhaza, aphid. | Sebenzisa isikhathi sokumila ngokushesha emva kokulungiselela, khona-ke into izonqamuka ukusebenza. |
| Isenzo | 20 ml ngamalitha ayi-10. | Leafworm, isicabucabu mite. | Lapho kuvela izimpawu. |
| I-Trichodermin | 50 ml / 10 l. | Isebenza ngokumelene nezilonda ezahlukahlukene ezingaphezu kuka-50. | - Ukudalulwa kwezinso. - Amaviki ama-3 ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuqala. Ukusetshenziswa okunconyiwe ngemuva kwemvula. |
| I-Fitosporin | 15 ml / 10 l. | Izifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane. | - Ngesikhathi sokuvula amaqabunga. - Ngemuva wilting efihlekile. |
| UMikosan | 100 ml / 4 l. | Isikhunta. | Lapho akha amaqabunga okuqala. Ayisetshenziswa neminye imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo. |
| I-Ecogel | 10 ml / 1 l. | Izilonda ezinesikhunta kanye namagciwane. | - Kugcotshwe ngaphansi kwempande kuze kube yimifino. - Kuhlume ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga. |
Amakhambi ama-5 abantu wokufaka amagilebhisi ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni entwasahlobo
| Umuthi, iresiphi yabantu | Izindinganiso zokupheka | Izifo, izinambuzane | Iyacubungula |
| I-Iodine | Ibhodlela lamalitha amahlanu amanzi. | Ukubola okumpunga. | Lapho kuvela amahlamvu. |
| Ukumnika i-Garlic | I-50 g yamakhanda aphulwe athulule u-0.5 l wamanzi. Faka amahora ambalwa. Letha ivolumu 1 litre. | Zonke izinhlobo imikhaza, ukulunywa. | - Intwasahlobo yokuqala. - Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. |
| Isixazululo sobisi | 1 ilitha lobisi lwe-skim / ilitha lamanzi ayi-10. | I-Powdery Mildew | Ngesikhathi sokukhula. |
| Insipho yokuhlanza nomlotha | Faka ingcenye 1 kuya ku-1 ebhakedeni lamanzi apholile. | Izifo nezilokazane kusigaba sokuqala somonakalo. | |
| Ukufakwa kwe-anyanisi husk | Thela ibhakede le-0.5 lezinto ngamanzi. Bilisa ukushisa okuphansi imizuzu engama-20-30. Faka amahora angama-24-30. 4. Inhlungu. Faka u-1 tbsp. uju. Govuza kahle. | Izinambuzane eziningi. | Ngaphambi kokubekwa kombala nangemuva. |
Wabasaqalayo abanaki ngokufanelekile ekuvikelweni kwentwasahlobo. Leli yiphutha elikhulu. Izindlela zokuvimbela azinciphisi kuphela amathuba ezinambuzane nezifo ezahlukahlukene, kodwa futhi zenza izitshalo ukuthi zikwazi ukumelana nezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo.
Lapho usebenzisa zonke izindlela, kuyadingeka ukusigcina ngokuqinile umthamo. Ngaphandle kwalokho, azisebenzi nje kuphela, kepha zingalimaza, ikakhulukazi amakhemikhali.
