Izinambuzane zezitshalo zasendlini nezifo zangaphakathi zezimbali

Kunzima impela ukubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo zezitshalo zasendlini, ngakho-ke kungcono ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuthi ungakuvimbela kanjani ukuvela kwenkinga. Kulokhu, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izifo zezimbali zasendlini ziveza kanjani, zibukeka kanjani izinambuzane, nokuthi kuboniswa muphi umthelela wazo olimazayo. Ngeshwa, akwenzeki njalo ukukhomba i-parasite noma i-parology yesazi esiteji sokuqala sentuthuko. Ezimweni ezinjalo, akukho okushiyekile ngaphandle kokuba basebenzise izindlela ezisebenzayo zokulwa nalesi sifo.

Izinambuzane

Kunezinhlaka eziningi ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi ezisongela izimbali zasekhaya.

Izimbungulu ezimhlophe emhlabathini

Uma izimbungulu ezincane ezimhlophe zavela ngezimbali ezingaphakathi emhlabathini, khona-ke sikhuluma ngezimhlophe. Kuyinkathazo yezitshalo zasendlini nezengadi. Zonke izinhlobo zawo asakazeka kalula ekhaya.

IGreenhouse Whitefly

Izimbungulu ezimnyama ezitshalweni zasendlini

Uma kwakukhona izinambuzane ezimnyama, khona-ke lesi sitshalo sahlaselwa ngama-thrips. Izimpawu zomuntu zokutheleleka:

• Izindawo zesiliva emaqabungeni.
• Isiqu soma ngaphandle bese siguqula isimo.
• Izimbali azikho.
• Amaqabunga aphuzi.
• Amachashazi amnyama, afana nemivimbo, abonwa kumabala amaqabunga, kanye namaconsi amnyama acwebezelayo nesikhumba esimnyama esinambuzane.
• Shedding impova ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo.

Ama-aphid

Kusongela izitshalo ezifuywayo, kungakhathalekile isikhathi sonyaka. Izinambuzane zizalela masinyane futhi zakhe amakoloni. Ama-aphid anesayizi omkhulu ngokulingana, angabonakala kalula ezicutshini zesitshalo.

Ukususa inkinga, udinga:

• Sika iziqu ezithintekile, unqume ama-peduncle.
• Amaqabunga ezitshalo akha indawo yokuphumula kufanele aphathwe ngesisombululo sensipho eluhlaza yemvelo futhi ahlanzwe ngaphansi kweseshini eshisayo. Hlanza izigaxa zamaqabunga ngensimu yekotini, ngemuva kokuzinyakamisa otshwaleni.
• Ngokutheleleka kanzima, imbali kufanele ifafazwe ngesibulala-zinambuzane.
• Ungafaka ama-decoctions we-wormwood, tansy, izimpande ze-dandelion, i-yarrow, i-vitunguu, u-anyanisi. Ukugcwala uthuli kwesitshalo esinegciwane nakho kuzosebenza.

Isitshalo esithengwa amakoloni sivame ukubukeka njengesidina.

Izifo nezinambuzane zezimbali ezifuywayo

Futhi, lesi sifo sikhonjiswa ngu:

• Izingxenye ezilahliwe zamahlumela;
• Izimbali eziguquliwe;
• Amacembe asontekile;
• Amaqabunga aphuzi futhi afa;
• Ukuqedwa kwentuthuko yezitshalo;
• Ukuntuleka kokuqhakaza (ama-buds awavulwa);
• Izimbali ezingcolisiwe nge-mucus enamathela.

Ama-aphid ngeziqu zesitshalo

I-anyanisi izimpande izimbuzane

Umzimba unesimo se-oval ebanzi, umbala uphuzi okhanyayo. Ingaphezulu lesikhumba libushelelezi, linciphile, linephunga elimibalabala. I-parasite idla engxenyeni engaphansi komhlaba yezitshalo - ama-bulbs nezimpande.

Izimpawu zingokulandelayo:

• Ukuvimbela ukukhula.
• Ukuvela kwamabala abomvu noma ansundu kumabala. Kwakhiwa nothuli olumhlophe ebusweni babo.
• Amacembe aphuzi.
• Ukuqedwa kwezimbali.
• I-Chlorosis (uphawu lwendlala).
• Ukomiswa kwamagatsha ngamanye.
• I-Fusarium - njengesifo sesibili ngenxa yokuthi ukutheleleka kungena emanxebeni ezilwaneni nasezimpandeni.

Ithuba lokuthi umkhaza uvele esitshalweni ukhuphuka ngaphansi kwezimo zokuswakama kwenhlabathi. Ukuvikela lesi sifo, inhlabathi kumele ibulawe amagciwane, futhi zonke izitshalo ezisanda kutholwa kumele zigcinwe zinqatshelwe.

Izindlela zomzabalazo:

1. Ama bulbs nezimpande ezithintekile ziphathwa ngesixazululo se-acaricide.
2. Noma yisiphi isidakamizwa esuselwa ku-spiromesifene naso kufanelekile.

Isikhala sesicabucabu

Izimbungulu ezivame kakhulu ezihlasela izindlu.

Izimpawu:

• Ubukhona bokubhoboza okusobala kumaqabunga amaqabunga ngombala ophuzi noma omhlophe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaphuzu ahlangana futhi aphenduke amabala.
• Amaqabunga alahlekelwa umbala, aphenduke ampunga, bese omile bese ehlukanisa imibala ngokuphelele. Kuyenzeka nokuthi amaqabunga aba bomvu noma abe yethusi.
• Amaqabunga akhubazekile.

Izinambuzane zabantu abadala zinombala oluhlaza okotshani futhi cishe azibonakali ezicutshini zezitshalo.

Izindlela zokwelapha:

1. Khulisa umswakama womoya. Lokhu kuzosiza: amathala abanzi ngamanzi; umswakama; umthombo wamatafula.
2. Isikhathi esishisayo esishisayo (ama-degrees angama-45-48). Phinda inqubo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-3-5 (amanzi okuqala amahlandla ama-3-4 njalo ngeviki, bese wenza njalo njalo emavikini ama-3-4). Ngaphambi kokugeza, kunconywa ukufaka ungqimba lwensipho yethayi, eluhlaza okotshani noma yokufakelwa esihlwini.
3. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-acaricides noma ama-sireletsetoacaricides.

Isicabucabu mite ngezicubu zezitshalo

Whitehouse greenhouse

Ngokwencazelo yangaphandle, leli bhenji elincanyana elimhlophe elifana nehlobo elincishisiwe lesundu (ubude bomzimba - cishe 2 mm, linamabili ngamaphiko amhlophe).

Izibungu eziluhlaza zesinambuzane zitholakala ngakwesobunxele seqabunga bese zincela ujusi wamaselula kuzo, zishiya ngemuva ukunqwabelana. Izimo ezinhle zokuthuthuka:

• Ukushisa komoya - kusuka kuma-degrees angama-21 kuye kwangama-27.
• Umswakama - kusuka kumaphesenti angama-60 kuye kwangama-75.

Izimpawu zomsebenzi wegciwane:

1. Kubonakala amabala aphuzi noma amhlophe emaqabungeni.
2. Kushiya amaqabunga, phuzi bese uwa.

Imvamisa kakhulu ihlasela inkathazo:

• I-Hibiscus
• Begonia
• I-Balsamine;
• I-Fuchsia.

Izindlela zomzabalazo:

1. Ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezihlelekile (i-Actara, i-Apache, Confidor, Tanrek). Lokhu kusho ukunisela inhlabathi, futhi futhi nokufafaza amaqabunga. Le mishanguzo ayisebenzi ngokumelene nezibungu, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kwenziwa ngezigaba ezi-3-4 njalo ngezinsuku ezi-2.
2. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides: i-malathion; Pegasus inta-vir.
3. Ukususwa ngesikhathi kwamaqabunga athintekile.
4. Kunconywe ukulengiswa ngezicupho zomqobelo wezimpukane eziseduze nezimbali.

Ukujija okuyingozi

Imvamisa, impukane ithela izitshalo zasengadini, ikakhulukazi ama-peonies, ama-aster kanye nezinye izitshalo ze-terry.

Isinambuzane esidala sikhula sibe ngu-1.5 mm, sinomzimba ophakeme, ohlukaniswe ngezigaba ezinezimpiko ezinde namabili amaphiko, embozwe ngokuphelele ngezinwele ezincane.

Ama-suckers anjenge-Bubble atholakala emaqhugwaneni alesi sinambuzane, ngenxa yokuthi ama-thrips abambelela kalula ebusweni bamaqabunga futhi asheshe agxume (njengamazeze).

Umzimba wegciwane uhlonyelwe imishini yokubhoboza umlomo, ngoba lesi sinambuzane simunca ngokushesha isithako sesitshalo. Izibungu ze-Thrips zingatholakala ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zesitshalo: zivame kakhulu ezimbalini, zivame kakhulu emagqabheni, kwezinye izimo ngamaqabunga nezimbali.

Umbala wokujikijela kwabantu abadala uhlukahluka kusuka ku-tan kuya ku-brown. Ama-larvae ane-grey or yellowish hue.

Ongakwenza ukwelapha imbali:

1. Ngokulwa nezinambuzane ezihlala ezitshalweni eziqhakazayo, ama-systemic insecticides (Aktara, Confidor) azosebenza. Kumawolintshi nezinye izihlahla ezinikeza izithelo, udinga ukwenza kabusha inqubo.
2. Ezitshalweni ezinqumayo, izinambuzane zokuxhumana (iVermitek, iFitoverm, i-Actellik, iKarbofos) ziyafaneleka.

Izihlangu

Ukutheleleka ngaleli gciwane kungaholela ekufeni kwembali.

Izimpawu

• Amabala aphuzi avela emaqabungeni, akhula kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalokho, ishidi liphenduka liphuzi ngokuphelele, ama-curls bese ewa.
• Ukuba khona kokukhipha okunamathelayo emaqabungeni.
• Ukukhula kuyema.
• Amagatsha ayavezwa.
• Isihlahla siyomile futhi isitshalo siyafa.

Izindlela zomzabalazo:

• Hlukanisa izitshalo kwezinye izimbali zasendlini.
• Ukususwa ngomshini kwezikabha (ngephedi lukotini, isiponji noma isixubho esigcobhoziwe emanzini anosawoti).
• Geza amacembe ngensipho.
• Amafutha ashisayo kanye ngesonto.
• Ukufaka umqhele onegciwane kwisixazululo sezinambuzane.
• Ukwelashwa ngamalungiselelo othintana amahlandla ama-3 njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7.

Isihlangu ezitshalweni zasendlini

Isifo

Ngenxa yamaphutha amakhulu ekunakekeleni izimbali zasekhaya, lezi zokugcina zivame ukugula ngama-pathologies ahlukahlukene.

Itshe elimhlophe emhlabathini

I-plaque emhlophe emhlabathini izimbiza zezitshalo zasendlini zezinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Umile. Lezi izinsalela kasawoti ezivela kumanzi alukhuni agxishiwe. Ungayilungisa inkinga ngokunisela isitshalo ngamanzi athambile. Ukuze uthambise, udinga ukubilisa amanzi noma ukuhambisa iqhwa. Ungasebenzisa futhi amanzi ancibilikayo noma amanzi emvula.
2. Ethambile futhi olumanzi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi inhlabathi isiqalile ukubumba.

Inhlanganisela emhlophe ngezimbali

Uma izicubu zezitshalo ziqala ukuzenza mhlophe, khona-ke i-powder ihlaselwa yi-powdery hlobo. Amacembe ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe, efana noboya bekotini. Isizathu ukutheleleka ngegciwane lokukhunta. Izimo ezithandekayo zokusatshalaliswa kwawo zinomswakama omningi womoya, ushintsho olubi kumazinga okushisa, ukondla ngokweqile nge-nitrogen, kanye nokuntuleka kwe-calcium.

Uma kuzimbali zasendlini i-plaque emhlophe njengoboya bekotini, kunokuphatha isitshalo:

1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali;
2. Faka isicelo se-fungic ehlelekile (isibonelo, iTopazi).

Kungani umhlaba obunjiwe ubumba?

Ukubola emhlabathini kuvela ngenxa yokunisela ngokweqile kwesitshalo kanye nomswakama ophezulu egumbini. Ukulungisa inkinga, uzodinga:

• Yehlisa ukuthambisa;
• Faka i-primer entsha;
• Phatha ingxube yenhlabathi ngesidakamizwa i-antifungal.

I-Soot fungus

Ngenye indlela, lesi sifo sibizwa ngokuthi isixuku. I-Pathology isikhunta ngokwemvelo futhi ithinta izitshalo ezincane nezingenamandla. Izimo ezithandekayo zesikhunta ziyanda umswakama nomoya omncane wokupholisa egumbini.

Izimpawu

• Imfundo ngeziqu, izithelo namaqabunga amabala amnyama noma grey.
• Okokuqala, i-plaque izibonakalisa ngesimo samabala, abese ehlangana ngokuhlangana.

Ukwelashwa nokuvimbela:

• Yehlisa izinga lomswakama ku-50%.
• Ukungena komoya njalo kwekamelo.
• Okuqukethwe okubanzi kwezimbali.
• Ukwelashwa kweziqu ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula nge-sulfate yethusi equkethe umquba.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu.
• Ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinegciwane ngama-insecticides.
• Ukususa i-plaque nesiponji esimanzi.
• Ukususa amahlamvu alimaze kakhulu.

I-Soot fungus

Ukwazi ukuthi izinambuzane zezitshalo zasendlini zibukeka kanjani, kuboniswa kanjani izifo zazo ezahlukahlukene, nokuthi kungani zivela, kuzosiza ukuqaphela le nkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi kusindise imbali ekufeni.

Ividiyo