Ungayenza kanjani ngokuzimela i-hosblok e-dacha: sakha igumbi elingemuva eliphezulu

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwekhishi elikhulu noma indlu yezwe encane endaweni engaphansi kwedolobha, kuqhamuka isakhiwo esinesizotha esinokubizwa ngokuthi yindlu yokushintsha, igumbi lokusetshenziswa noma indawo yokusebenza. Igumbi eliwusizo, elihlukaniswe ngokuhlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana, lingadlala indima yokugezela, i-pantry, isitoreji samathuluzi, noma nekhishi lasehlobo. Kunzima ukudicilela phansi ukubaluleka kwalesi sakhiwo, ngakho-ke, sizocubungula kabanzi ukuthi iyini inhloso ye-hozblok yokuhlala ehlobo nokuthi ingakhiwa ngokuzimela.

Inhloso yaleli gumbi losizo

I-hozblok - isakhiwo sincane ngosayizi, kodwa sikhona emhlabeni wonke, ngakho-ke asinqunyelwe kunoma yisiphi uhlaka ekusetshenzisweni kwalo. Inhloso yayo incike ngokuphelele ezintweni eziza kuqala ezibekwe phambili ngabanikazi bendawo yokuhlala. Ekuqaleni, kwakhiwa izinto ezisetshenziselwa ukugcina amathuluzi okwakha nawengadi, izinto ezithile, imishini yezwe. Umsebenzi omude emibhedeni engadini noma esakhiweni sokwakha kuholele ekutheni amakhishi asehlobo aphenduke ingxenye yekamelo abe uhlobo lwekhishi lasehlobo ukuze ube nenkomishi yetiye futhi uphumule kancane.

Amanye amayunithi asendlini akhumbuza kakhulu indlu yezwe kunegumbi lokusetshenziswa: ahlotshiswe ngosawoti, embozwe ngamathayili agobekayo futhi ahlotshiswe ngezinto zokuhlobisa.

Umsebenzi omude uzenza uzizwe, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi esishisayo, ngakho abahlali basehlobo abakhathalela kakhulu impilo yabo babekele i-engela encane yokugeza; ngenxa yalokho, indlu yangasese edinga indawo encane kakhulu ingangena ngemuva kohlukano. Uma i-footage yesakhiwo ivumela, khona-ke ingxenye yayo ingagcinelwa igumbi lokuphumula, futhi uma ufaka umbhede kuyo, ungachitha ubusuku ngokuphepha, inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa lomoya livumela. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngokubonakala kwendlu endaweni esezindaweni ezingaphansi kwedolobha, ibhulokhi lomuzi lizolahlekelwa eminye yemisebenzi yalo, kodwa, izohlala ilusizo futhi ifuneka.

Amayunithi ezindlu angahluka ngokuphelele ngokubukeka futhi afane nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwesakhiwo, ukusuka ebharini elilula elijwayelekile kuya endlini enhle ehlohlwe ngemidwebo evulekile.

Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zinamathisela ukubaluleka okukhulu kwisitayela sento ngayinye etholakala esizeni. Isakhiwo esinjalo esihlangene ngesitayela se-minimalism silungele abanikazi abagcina ijubane nezikhathi

Ungathenga ukwakhiwa okuqediwe kwifomu elihlanganisiwe noma elihlanganisiwe, elifana nesiqukathi se-block frame-modular. Kwakhiwa kusuka ekhoneni nesiteshi, bese kufakwa ngepuleti lokhuni. Izinzuzo zalolu hlobo lwesakhiwo:

isivinini sokwakha ngokushesha;
ukuntuleka kwesisekelo;
ukuhamba
ukutholakala kwemihlangano eminingi;
izindleko ezingabizi.

Ungakha ibhlogo lendlu ngezandla zakho, ngoba ngaphambilini ulungiselele ithuluzi nezinto ezingathengiwe.

Izakhiwo zasendlini ezithandwa kakhulu ezenziwe ngokhuni - ipulasitiki, kulula ukuyicubungula, izinto eziqinile, zisebenza kahle, zilungele ukusebenza amashumi eminyaka

Indlela elula yokwakha indlu eshintshayo ngokhuni, uyihlobise ngaphandle nge-lining noma ngeshidi elinamakhompiyutha, bese umboza uphahla ngamathayela enjoloba angabizi noma ngensimbi yensimbi. Izindonga ezimbili zifakwe ngamafasitela ukuze ukukhanya kwelanga kungene ngaphakathi. Igumbi ngosizo lwama-partitions noma amakhabethe lihlukaniswe kangcono laba yizindawo eziningana ezihluke ngenhloso. Ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile endlini yasebusika, izindonga zawo, phansi nophahla kufanele kuqiniswe nokufakwa okufudumele - izimbotshana zoboya bengilazi, Foam noma ulwelwesi lwe-polyurethane.

Imithetho yokufaka lesi sakhiwo

Indawo yegumbi lokusetshenziswa ilawulwa yizidingo ze-SNiP 30-02-97, ngenkathi inhloso yephiko lokusetshenziswa ibhekwa. Ake sithi unquma ukugeza lapho, kulokhu ibanga elincane ukuya esakhiweni esingumakhelwane kufanele libe amamitha ayi-8, futhi okungenani imitha elilodwa ukuya emngceleni wendawo. Imitha ngayinye, etholakala phakathi kwesakhiwo nezinye izinto, ingaba yinzuzo: esiqeshini esincane sendawo ungahlelela izinkuni, yakha i-canopy encane noma utshale isihlahla sezithelo.

Usebenzisa i-hozblok njengendawo yokugezela, kanye nokugcina izinkukhu noma imfuyo, qapha ibanga: kuya kwizakhiwo zokuhlala - okungenani amamitha ayi-12, kusifunda esingumakhelwane - okungenani amamitha amane

Kumamitha-skwele angamakhulu ayisithupha, amamitha skwele ngalinye lokuhlala ehlobo lilingana nesisindo salo ngegolide, ngakho-ke ukuphela kwendlela yokonga umhlaba owengeziwe wokutshala ukuhlanganisa yonke impahla yendlu engaphansi kophahla olulodwa, ukudala okuthile okufana nokwakha izinhloso eziningi. Ifana nendlu ejwayelekile enamakamelo amaningi, ihluka ngosayizi kuphela nangobungako bokufakelwa. Isibonelo, ithoyilethi, isishizi ne-pantry zingangena kalula egumbini elilodwa, kuthi ukuwa endlini enkulu ngasohlangothini kuzothatha isikhundla segaraji.

Umdwebo weyunithi elisebenza ngemisebenzi yasendlini ehlukahlukene, enezingxenye eziningi lapho ungabeka khona igumbi lokuphumula, igumbi lokugezela elineshawa nendlu yangasese, indawo yokugcina izimpahla noma amathuluzi

Enye ikhambi elithokozisayo ukwakhiwa kwesitezi sesibili. Ekamelweni eliphezulu ungahlela ikamelo lezivakashi, i-dovecote noma i-hayloft, uma leli khishi liqukethe onogwaja noma izimbuzi.

Imiyalo yesinyathelo ngesinyathelo yokwakhiwa kwe-hozblok yokhuni

Manje izinkampani eziningi zinikezela ngezakhiwo ezenziwe ngaphambilini, kepha kuyathakazelisa ngokwengeziwe ukwakha nokuhlomisa izakhiwo zehosblock yokuhlala yokuhlala ehlobo ngezandla. Kwisampula sithatha isakhiwo esinobukhulu be-6m x 3m x 3m.

I-hozblok Ready inamakamelo amabili ahlukene, ngalinye linomnyango ohlukile. Amafasitela asezindongeni ezintathu, ngaphandle kwasemuva

Ngaphambi kwenqubo yokwakha, kufanele uthenge okuqukethwe:

ugodo lwezigaba ezahlukahlukene (15cm x15 cm, 10cm x 15cm, 10cm x 10cm, 5cm x 10cm);
ibhodi ehlanganisiwe;
izinto zokuphahla (noma okulinganayo);
i-plywood;
isihlabathi, amatshe amatshe, usimende kakhonkolo;
i-asbestos-usimende wepayipi (cm 15 cm).

Isinyathelo # 1 - ukufaka isisekelo

Isigaba sokuqala ukumakwa kwepharamitha kwesisekelo esizayo. Okuthunyelwe kuzoba semakhoneni nasenkabeni yezindonga ezinde ezinamamitha ayi-6. Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa inhlabathi - susa ungqimba lwe-turf nenhlabathi evundile ku-20 cm, ugcwalise umcamelo onesihlabathi-amasentimitha ayi-10 bese uwubumbanisa ngokucophelela. Ikholamu ngayinye, kuzodingeka umgodi ojulile we-1 m 20 cm - ikholomu yesisekelo sobude obufanele kufanele ibekwe kuyo.

Amasayizi we-hosblock angahluka futhi ancike kunhloso yawo, ngakho-ke akudingekile ukugxila kumapharamitha anikezwe - ubude noma ububanzi bungashintshwa

Ingaphansi lomgodi ngamunye futhi kudingeka ulungiswe: amboze ngesendlalelo esiminyene sogqinsi noma isihlabathi, i-tamp. Ngemuva kokufaka amapayipi ezimbotsheni eziqediwe, isikhundla sawo esiqondile sibheke phezulu (kungcono ukusebenzisa izinga lokwakha), futhi isikhala samahhala simbozwe ngesihlabathi. Ingaphakathi lamapayipi kufanele ligcwaliswe ngodaka usimende cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, bese liphakamisa ubude bepayipi. Njengomphumela walesi senzo, ukhonkolo unikeza isisekelo esiqinile sezinsika eziyisisekelo.

Isisekelo kumaphampu we-asbestos-usimende - isiqinisekiso sokuqina nokuqina kwesakhiwo; ungakha i-hoblock ngaphandle kwesisekelo, kepha izokwethenjwa futhi izosebenza isikhathi esifushane

Lapho-ke kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa ngokuphelele amapayipi wamapayipi ngodaka nosimende. Ukuze uqinise ukulungiswa okwalandela kwesisekelo kusuka kugongolo, ezinsikeni ezine zamakholomu kubekwa izingcezu zokuqinisa ezibekwe kusixazululo futhi kuvikeleke phezulu cishe ngamasentimitha angama-20. Ngaphambili kokuqiniswa, izikhonkwane zingasetshenziswa, ezibuye zibekwe esisekelweni: ifreyimu evela kugongolo iboshelwe kubo ngamantongomane. Amapayipi kufanele athululwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungabikho fomu le-sinuses. Ukuqina kokugcina kuzokwenzeka kuphela emavikini ambalwa, phakathi naleso sikhathi lapho isisombululo kufanele sikanyiswe ngamanzi bese simbozwa elangeni eliqondile.

Isinyathelo # 2 - ukwakha uhlaka lwesisekelo

Ngenkathi isisekelo "ukukhula", ungakwenza umhlangano wohlaka. Ugongolo olunamandla kakhulu (15cm x 15cm) luhlelwe ngendlela yoxande, uhlangothi olude lungamamitha ayi-6 kanti uhlangothi olufushane lungamamitha ayi-3. Emakhondeni, kusetshenziswa intaba ethi "isigamu somuthi", izixovulelo zixhunywe ngezikulufa zokuzibopha (izingcezu ezi-2 zanele i-anchor, izingcezu ezi-4 zokuqinisa amandla) . Phakathi kwezikhala eziyisisekelo nohlaka lwamapulangwe, kuyadingeka ukwenza ungqimba lwezinto zokuphahla, iziphetho zazo okufanele zigoqwe phansi (ukuze amanzi emvula angaqongeleli). Ukuvikela ezifweni, isikhunta nomswakama, ugongolo luphathwa nge-antiseptic. Enye yezinketho zendabuko izingqimba ezimbili zamafutha okomisa. Ngemuva kwalokho ifreyimu iqiniswa ngamalagi amathathu ahlukanisiwe akhiwe endaweni eyodwa, kusetshenziswa ibha engu-10cm x 10cm.

Izici eziyinhloko zozimele ukuqina nokuthembeka, ngakho-ke ukunakwa okuyinhloko kufanele kukhokhwe ekuhlanganeni kogongolo nasekusebenzeni kwezinkuni ngamanxusa okuvikela

Isinyathelo # 3 - ukwakhiwa kohlaka

Ukuze kwakhiwe uhlaka, ugongolo olunobubanzi obuncane kufanele lusetshenziswe kunokufaka isisekelo. Okokuqala udinga ukuqoqa izingxenye zozimele kusuka emaphethelweni, ucabangele iqiniso lokuthi kuzoba nokuvuleka kwewindows ezinhlangothini zombili. Ama-rack angama-vertical ahleliwe kuhlaka kusetshenziswa amakhona wensimbi kanye nezikulufo zokuzithinta. Ukuze "ubeke" i-rack ekuqinisweni kwesisekelo, kuyadingeka ukumba umgodi onobubanzi be-1 cm (ngale ndlela 4 izisekelo zekona zizolungiswa). Phakathi kwabo, izinto ezengeziwe kanye ne-struts zihleliwe - ngosizo lokuxhumeka kwe-bolted. Izinhlangothi eziphikisayo ngemuva komhlangano kufanele zibukeke zifana.

Ukuqinisa ukulungiswa phakathi kokuqala nokwesibili, kanye nama-rack wesithathu nelesine, kufanele ufake ama-struts - imigoqo emincane yesigaba sesiphambano esincane, esise-diagonally

Ngemuva kwalokho i-facade yangaphambili ihlanganisiwe. Okuthunyelwe okuphakathi kumiselwe ngo-1m 80 cm.ukuze kungahambi ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwezinye izinto, kungaxhunywa isikhashana komunye nomunye yibhodi elifakwe kwizikulufo eziziqondayo. Kuhlelwa ukuthi i-hozblok iqukethe izigaba ezi-2, ngakho-ke udinga ukuhlela iminyango emi-2 futhi ukwengeza ukufaka ukwahlukanisa. Ubukhulu bezicabha bomnyango bungamamitha angama-2 ukuphakama nama-85 cm ububanzi. Ngasohlangothini olungaphambili kuzoba nokuvulwa kwewindi, indawo okuyo kuphakathi kwama-2 no-3 racks.

Ngesikhathi somhlangano, kufanele kusethwe iziphambuka zewindows: ibanga ukusuka kufreyimu liye phezulu elingaphezulu ngu-80 cm, ibanga phakathi kwezinhlangothi zombili liyi-1 m

I-facade engemuva iqoqwe ngokufanayo ngaphambili, kepha inqubo yenziwa lula ngenxa yokungabi bikho kokuvuleka kwefasitela nomnyango. Kufanele usethe ama-rack amabili aphakathi nendawo yokuphakama okuyi-1 m 80 cm, ulungise izikhala phakathi kwamabili ama-racks. Ukuthinta kokugcina kungukushintshana okuphezulu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2, kusetshenziselwe ugongolo olungama-5 cm x 10 cm. Kwakhiwa kusuka ezintweni eziboshwe ndawonye “i-butt” futhi kumiswa ngamakona egazingiwe.

Isinyathelo # 4 - isifufula nophahla

Umhlangano wama-rafter wenziwa kangcono emhlabathini, bese ulungele-ke ukufakwa ku-hozblok. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa ikhreyithi kahle - ngokuqinile noma ngezikhathi, kuye ngezinto eziphahleni. I-angle yophahla icishe ibe ngama-10 degrees. Lapho ufaka ama-rafter afakwa kwizikulufa zokuzithinta, kanti ama-overhangs nama-cornices afakwa ngebhodi elalinisiwe. Ukugwema ukuvela kokuqhekeka, izimbobo zokuzithinta ngezikulufo kungokiwe ngaphambi kokuzijikijela.

Isakhiwo sophahla sifakwa kanjena: sibekwa emgodini ngemuva kwesakhiwo, bese sikhuphuka ngosizo lwezitobha noma sokudonswa komhlaba bese sifakwa ezitsheni

Isinyathelo # 5 - isikhumba sangaphakathi nangaphandle

Isigaba sokugcina sifaka umugqa ovela ngaphandle nangaphandle komklamo wezakhiwo. Kubekwa isembozo sophahla (uthayela, isaladi, insimbi yensimbi) ophahleni, kufakwe iminyango, kufakwe amawindi. Uma kunesidingo, ukufakwa okungaphakathi kohlobo lohlaka kufakiwe, okungafakwa nge-plywood. Ukufudumeza izindonga zangaphandle, ungasebenzisa uvolo wamaminerali noma igwebu le-polystyrene.

Uma unesipiliyoni okungenani sokubaza, ukwakha indlu ehlobo akubonakali kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokuzayo, esikhundleni sokuqala, inguqulo yecala, ungakha isakhiwo esithembeke futhi esiqinile.