Indlela yokwakha indlu yokushintsha ngezandla zabo siqu: indawo, izinhlobo

Noma yiyiphi indlu yokwakha yomhlaba wonke noma i-cottage - iqala ngekamelo lombuso, okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuchithwa". Kulesi sihloko sizocubungula izinketho zesakhiwo, ake sibheke ama-nuances ekwakhiweni ngezandla zethu.

Kungani udinga

Indawo yokukhosela iyisakhiwo somhlaba jikelele, isebenza njengekamelo lamathuluzi wokwakha kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo, indawo yokukhosela esesimo sezulu, ungahlala kuwo ubusuku. Lezi akuzona zonke imisebenzi ekamelweni elizokwazi ukuzisebenzisa; emva kokwakhiwa, likwazi ukukhonza:

• inqolobane (yokugcina yokusungula);
• i-workshop;
• ukugeza;
• ikhishi lehlobo;
• gazebo ivaliwe;
• indlu yesimenywa.

Indawo

Indawo yesakhiwo iyoxhomeka enjongweni yayo esikhathini esizayo:

• uma isebenza njengamakamelo omnotho wokugcina izinkuni, imishini nezinye izinto, kufanele kubekwe lapho kunokufinyelela okukhululekile khona, ngesikhathi esifanayo akufanele kubonakale;
• Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthola indawo yokusebenzela eduze kwekhaya ukuze ukwazi, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi esiningi, ukungena nokuphuma;
• kungcono ukubeka i-sauna noma ibhuku lokugeza endlini kanye nezinye izakhiwo, ukugcina ukuphepha komlilo;
• esimweni sokuthutha okuhleliwe kwendlu encane kwenye indawo, indawo yayo iyoba lula lapho ushiya insimu.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nokuthi ungakha kanjani ibhuku lokugeza, igumbi elingaphansi kwegalaji, i-veranda, i-greenhouse yamafenisha amafasitela kanye ne-polycarbonate, kanye neshazi ehlobo, i-gazebo, ibhayili lezinkuni.

Ubukhulu bephalazi buphinde buxhomeke ezinhlelweni zekusasa, kanye nokuhlelwa kwegumbi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yikuphi, ekuqaleni kufanele ubale ukuba khona kwendawo yokugezela, indawo yokuphumula, ukhululekile okungenani abantu ababili, kanye nendawo yokudlela namamitha ambalwa amathuluzi nampahla wokwakha. Izindinganiso ezihambelanayo nezilula, isibonelo, 6x2.5x2.5 m.

Izinhlobo zamakamelo

Kuncike ekuphatheni kwendlela yokuhlangana, kunezihlangu, uhlaka kanye nokwakhiwa ngokhuni.

Isihlangu

Lesi yisakhiwo sesikhashana, esenziwe ngezinto zokwakha ezingabizi futhi ezivame kakhulu. Kuzo ukufudumala nokuxhumana akubonakali. Isakhiwo esilula, eshibhile esilula ukuhamba kusuka ezindaweni ngezindawo. Esivame ukusetshenziselwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa.

Uhlaka

Leli gumbi lingaba yesikhashana futhi lihlala njalo. Ingafakwa emzimbeni, unike amanzi namanzi. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwayo okuhloswe, ingahunyushwa ibe yi-arbor noma i-workshop. Qoqa isakhiwo esinjalo kusuka ebhodini lezinkuni elinama-50mm.

Izinkuni

Isisekelo esiqinile sezinhloso eziningi. Isakhiwo esincane singahlonywa nakho konke okudingekayo ekuphileni: ukukhanya, amanzi, indlu yokugezela. Izinkuni - izinto ezibizayo, kodwa ezinobungozi futhi eziqinile, ikakhulukazi ngokucubungula okufanelekile.

Isinyathelo Ngezinyathelo Zokuqapha Ukwakhiwa

Ukuze ukwakhiwa kuzodinga amathuluzi nezinto zokwakha okudingeka uzilungiselele kusengaphambili. Uzodinga futhi umdwebo wesakhiwo esifisa.

Isisekelo

Kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zesisekelo sakhiwo esincane:

• ikholomu - liqukethe amakholomu athile-asekela, inketho elula yokwakhiwa okulula, izokwakhelwa ukuklama kwethu;
• tape - kudinga isikhathi esiningi kanye nezinto, umsebenzi wokwakhiwa, umsele ugujwa kuwo, ifomu lilungiswa kusuka emathongeni aqinisekisiwe, ehlanganiswe ngesikhonkolo futhi phakathi nenyanga ulindele ukuba isisekelo sibeke futhi ukhonkolo lukhuni; lolu hlobo lwesisekelo lufanelekile izakhiwo zezitini nezamatshe;
• i-monolithic - idinga isikhathi esiningi nezindleko (ifomu, ukukhonjiswa), kunzima ukubeka yedwa, inzuzo ye-monolith yukuthi ubuso bayo buyisisekelo sendawo.

Sizokwenza ikhefu leplanga kanye nesisekelo sekholomu kuso.

Isisekelo sokubeka:

1. Ukubuka uhlelo oludwetshiwe ngaphambilini, lanisa ubukhulu besisekelo.
2. Khona-ke izikhonkwane ziqhutshwa eceleni komjikelezo futhi izindlu zokugcina ziqinisiwe.
3. Ngaphansi kwezinsika bamba inombolo edingekayo yezimbobo, ngebanga elithile phakathi kwabo. Igravel ithululelwa phansi ezitsheni, bese isihlabathi; lesi "cushion" sizogcina inhlabathi ingasebenzi uma izinkathi zishintsha.
4. Izitini zibekwa esihlabathini, ziboshwe ndawonye. Ezingxenyeni zezinsika yenza isitali sokusika.
5. Izicucu ze-ruberoid zokuphahla zibekwa ezikhundleni zokungena kwamanzi.
6. Kusukela ebhodini lezinkuni yenza isambatho esingezansi nesisekelo sezansi ezizayo.

Kubalulekile! Njengoba lesi sakhiwo sizokhipha ugesi namanzi, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela izinto zokhuni kusuka emswakeni nomlilo. Kunamakhemikhali akhethekile ukusuka kumswakama nokubola. Noma yimaphi ama-antiseptic asekelwe ngamafutha azophinde asebenze; ​​kukhona impregnation ebizwa ngokuthi i-fire retardant ngokumelene nomlilo, iningi lazo livikela ngaphezu kwezinkuni izinkuni.

Amadonga

Ngemuva kokubeka isisekelo nokuhlanganisa isisekelo phansi, izisekelo ezithwala imithwalo ezithwala imithwalo zenziwe ngamapulangwe ene-crossx of 100x100 mm.

Uma uhlangana, sicela uqaphele ukuthi uhla lwekhasi olulodwa oluhleliwe luhlelwe; ngoba lokhu, imishayo yangaphambili ayifakiwe ku-airplane efanayo engemuva nangaphambili, kodwa 50 cm ephakeme emthambekeni ophahleni. Sifaka isikhashana okwesikhashana ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo.

Izenzo ezengeziwe:

1. Siqinisa ifreyimu ngama-racks engeziwe, lapho sicabangela khona indawo yokuvuleka kweminyango neminyango.
2. Sifaka ama-rack amabili efenitheni ngalinye kanye nezinsizakalo ezingezansi emngceleni wokuvuleka ovela emapulangwe angu-50x50 mm.
3. Sishintsha ama-braces okwesikhashana ngokuhlala unomphela, uqinise.

Umgodi nesitezi

Imigwaqo yezakhiwo ezincane zisebenzisa i-gable noma intaba engashadile. Ukuze uphahla lwama-gable uzodinga izinto eziningi nokusebenza okuningi. Inzuzo yalolu phahla endaweni ekhululekile phakathi kophahla kanye nokushayela kwesakhiwo, okungasetshenziswa njenge-attic.

Funda ukuthi ungenza kanjani i-gable kanye nophahla oluqotshiwe, ukwenza uphahla lwama-mansard, ukumboza uphahla nge-ondulin netheyili yensimbi.

Ngokwehlobo lwesakhiwo esiyikhethile, uhla lwezintambo luzoba kuhle: impahla encane, umzamo omncane womzimba.

Siqoqa uphahla:

1. Sinqamula izinsika eziqondile ngokusebenzisa izinsika 100x50 mm.
2. Sixhuma phansi futhi phezulu kwesisekelo ngezigqoko, ubeke onqenqemeni. Sibheka ukuqhuma ngaphesheya kwezingalo ngamasentimitha angu-15 (uphahla lwama-overhangs), ukuthunga iziphetho ngebhodi.
3. Ukusuka ngenhla sishaya amashidi weplywood.
4. Ingaphezulu ingahlanganiswa nanoma yiluphi uhlobo oluqinile nolungenawo amanzi.

Isibonelo esithombeni. Sifaka izingodo phansi, sigxile emaphethelweni angaphezu kwezingu-60 cm. Sibopha ibha lezinkuni emaceleni ebhodini, okuzosebenza njengesekelo le-subfloor. Ukubeka ukufakwa kwezinto phansi ngaphansi kwesithombe ngezansi. Emva kokubeka phansi uhlanzekile ebhodini.

Windows kanye neminyango

Uma ufaka ifreyimu futhi uhlinzekela ukuvuleka ngaphansi kwamafasitela nomnyango, kubalulekile ukulinganisa ngokucophelela, sebenzisa imigqa nemigqa ukuze kungabi nandaba uma ufaka amafasitela nomnyango. Ama-Windows neminyango kumele ihlelwe kusengaphambili, eqondiswa ubukhulu obuboniswe emdwebeni wesakhiwo esifisa.

Uyazi? Ngaphambi kokuvela kwamafasitela angilazi emazweni aseYurophu, kunokuba ingilazi, amafasitela ahlanganiswe nefilimu evulekile ye-bubble. Ngekhulu le-17 kuphela, amafasitela aphuzile amacala amancane aphethe ukubopha ahamba enkantolo eFrance.

Ugesi

Ngaphandle, ukunikezwa kagesi kuhamba emoyeni, kubukeka kanje. Senza ugesi endlini. Ngaphandle sisinamathisela isibhakabhaka odongeni, kuso - ikhebula eliyinhloko, emgodini odibeneyo sisebenzela ikhebula ngaphakathi kwekamelo.

Kubalulekile! Ukuze uvikele ukuvuvukala kwamanje ukufaka i-RCD, khona-ke iphaneli yokulawula othomathikhi.

Ukuze uthole i-wiring yangaphakathi, ungathenga iziteshi zekhebula ezenziwe ngepulasitiki, kulula futhi ukuhleleka. Ukuze uthole umzila oholela kuma-heaters, udinga ikhebula nge-cross cross section, isibonelo, 0.75 metres square. mm (ngokusekelwe kwesiteleka esisodwa segesi) kufanelekile kudivayisi enekhono elingaphezu kuka-2 kW.

Intambo iholela ezindongeni zenziwa ngecala lensimbi. Isele ukufaka inani elifunayo lezivakashi. Ungakhohlwa ngokukhanyisa komgwaqo.

Ukushisa

Indlela engcono kakhulu yokushisa izoba ngumgqugquzeli kagesi, unikezwe ugesi okwenziwa. Ukushisa igumbi elincane lendawo ewanele enekhono lika-1.5 kW. Kunconywa ukuba ungalondolozi kudivayisi, abathengisi abashibhile bavame ukwenza ngensimbi encane, okuthi, uma ishisa, ikhiqiza umsindo ophazamisayo. Ukudlulisa ugesi Idivayisi ephezulu yekhwalithi ayidali umsindo futhi isebenza ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ukufaka izinkuni zokushisa akuyona into efanele, ngoba izinkuni zibiza ngaphezu kwezindleko zegesi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuba upholster isikhala esithandweni somlilo esinamashidi, ukuqhuba umshini, okudingeka futhi ubekwe eceleni, isibonelo, nge-basalt fiber enezindawo ezingenakuvutha umlilo, futhi lokhu kuyindleko eyengeziwe.

Ukutholakala kwamanzi

Njengoba izinhlelo ezichithekile zokuthi zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo, ukuhlinzeka ngamanzi ngeke kube okungenasisekelo. Zombili amapayipi - amapayipi kanye namanzi okuhambisa amanzi - alethwa phansi. Amathangi okubeka amapayipi avule kusengaphambili ngokuhambisana necebo. Ibukeka kanjani, buka isithombe.

Sikukwazisa ukuthi ufunde ngendlela yokufaka ngokuzenzekelayo itanki, i-air conditioning system, i-heat heater, uhlelo lokuthuthwa kwamanzi, kanye nendlela yokwenza amanzi emthonjeni.

Ekupheleni kwangaphandle

Ukuqeda izindlu zezinkuni zokhuni kunengqondo ukusebenzisa isakhiwo sokudonga. Abakhiqizi namuhla banikeza izinto zokugqoka eziqinile futhi eziqinile:

• gxuma emithini yokulingisa - akulula ukuhlangana, kune-groove-latches, okuyizinto eziphikisana nomswakama (16-18% okuqukethwe komswakama);
• ukubhala - ihlukaniswe ngekhwalithi elihle kakhulu, okuqukethwe komswakama kokuqukethwe ku-15%, ifakwe ama-groove, ubuso obushelelezi buhlangene;
• umbhede omisiwe - ukhetho lwesabelomali, olwenziwa ngama-conifers (i-spruce, i-pin);
• vimba indlu - ubuningi bokulingisa i-log nxazonke bubukeka bubi futhi buhle.

Ngomsebenzi, kuye ngokuthi indaba, ungadinga:

• i-circular saw / i-jigsaw / handsaw yezinkuni (etholakala);
• i-grinder;
• isikulufa kanye nezikuluzi;
• okuyisisekelo noma izingongolo;
• amapulangwe enziwe ngokhuni;
• i-gon;
• ipensela;
• isifaki;
• ezingeni

Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde mayelana nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani i-saw, isikrini se-screwdriver, i-jigsaw, i-saw kagesi kanye ne-chainsaw.

Qoqa amabhodi amabhodlela kokubili ngokuqondile nangemuva.

Yenza umsebenzi ngale oda:

1. Faka i-crate yemicu encane, izonikeza ukujikeleza kwe-air.
2. Ifilimu evikelayo igxile kuma-slats ane-overlap of 15 cm ne-stapler.
3. Okulandelayo, ngebheyili eyengeziwe ene-inserted OSB.
4. Isiteji sokugcina ukufakwa kwendonga.

Ukuphela kwangaphakathi

Ukuhlobisa ingaphakathi kuzodinga amathuluzi afanayo nanjengaphandle. Ukwengeza, uzodinga ukungenelela ezindongeni - u-basalt wool.

Uyazi? Uboya obunamaminerali abukeka ngenxa yokubona umkhiqizi wezeziNgisi u-Edward Perry. Waqaphela ukuthi ama-fibrous filaments amancane awakhiwa ngokusakazwa kwe-slag encibilikisiwe. Ngo-1871, ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kwaleli heater kwaqaliswa eJalimane.

Izinketho zokupaka:

• ipaki ye-OSB - ukumelana nomswakama, ngokuvikelwa kokubhebhezela;
• I-Chipboard (i-laminated) - ayincike ekuthonyeni kwamazinga okushisa, ane-palette enkulu yombala;
• MDF - ihlukanisa umsindo, ithatha ukushisa, ilungele ukumboza indlu yokugezela.

Ukwakheka kwangaphakathi kwenziwa ngokulandela uhlelo olulandelayo:

1. I-crate ishicilelwe futhi ama-basalt wool amapulangwe afakwa emiphakathini yayo.
2. Okuphezulu kugcwele ifilimu evikelayo.
3. Khona-ke amapulethi anezici zokugcina impahla.
4. Isiteji sokugcina - inhlanhla, nxazonke zomkhawulo wezingodo, izingxenyeni zezindonga, phansi, izofihla amalunga amapuleti futhi iqiniseke ngokwengeziwe. Uma kukhona isifiso sokuhlanganisa iphepha lodonga bese ubeka i-linoleum phansi, khona-ke ama-plinths agcwele emva kwalokhu kusebenza.

Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani kahle i-baseboard, ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani ifasitela lepulasitiki, ukuthi ungafaka kanjani izimpumputhe kumafasitela, ukuthi ungafaka kanjani i-socket kanye nomshini wokushintsha, indlela yokubeka tile phansi kanye nodonga lokugezela, indlela yokufaka i-sink ukwenza phansi efudumele, indlela yokubeka phansi efudumele ngaphansi kwe-laminate, linoleum ne-tile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezakhiwo: Ngokwakhe, ukuchithwa kuyinto yesikhashana, kodwa uma ukhetha ngokucophelela futhi ngokucophelela ukwakhiwa kwalo, umphumela uyoba indawo yokuhlala, ehlomele ukuxhumana okudingekayo, isakhiwo esifudumele. Indlela yokwazi ukuthi kungasetshenziswa kanjani.