Ezweni lanamuhla, ukuxhumana kuqhutshwa ngejubane elimangalisayo nge-e-mail, izithunywa ezisheshayo, nokuxhumana kocingo. Nokho, ezikhathini zasendulo, imiyalezo yayidluliselwa ngokusebenzisa izinyoni - amajuba. Njengoba bengasenzi umsebenzi wabo omdala wokusebenzisa izinsizakalo zeposi, ngokuvamile kuthiwa amajuba ezemidlalo futhi asetshenziselwa imincintiswano. Njengalokhu, ukuzalwa kwejuba akukhona, ijuba lingabizwa ngokuthi i-pigeon, elinamakhono afanele, futhi elidlulisela ngempumelelo ukukhethwa nokuqeqeshwa ngokucophelela. Ezinye izinhlobo zamajuba zinekhono elikhulu lokuthumela i-imeyili, futhi yiziphi izinhlobo zezinyoni - sizocubungula kamuva esihlokweni.
Umlando weposi we-Pigeon
I-Pigeon Mail yiyona eningi kakhulu uhlobo lwangasese lwenkonzo yeposi. Ukusetshenziswa kwamajuba ekulethwa kwemilayezo kwaqala ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo lwama-air aluvamile phakathi kwamaGreki, amaRoma, abaseGibithe, amaPheresiya namaJuda ngenxa yezempi, ukuhweba nezinye izinhloso.
Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Lokuqala Neyesibili, amajuba nawo asetshenziselwa ukuthumela imilayezo, kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kwezokuxhumana zomsakazo, isidingo sezinyoni siye sancipha kakhulu. 
Kuze kube manje, amajuba aqeqeshiwe ngokukhethekile asetshenziselwa imincintiswano.
Uyazi? Phakathi nesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Lokuqala Neyesibili, iBrithani Elikhulu lasebenzisa amajuba angama-200 ama-mail-military.
Indlela yokunquma ukuthi ungaphila, nokuthi yikuphi ibanga elihambayo
Le ndlela yokukhulumisana isekelwe amandla okumangalisa amajuba okubuyela esidlekeni sawo, noma ngabe ihanjiswa kude kakhulu. Okusho ukuthi kuvela ukuthi ukusebenzisa amajuba kufanele uqale uthathe kumakheli bese uya nawo lapho uya khona, bese uthumela esidlekeni.
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abavumelani ukuthi izinyoni zithole kanjani ukuqondisa okulungile kwezindiza. Ngokombiko owodwa, kukholelwa ukuthi amajuba angakwazi ukubona i-infrasound. Indlebe yomuntu ayikwazi ukukubamba, kodwa-ke, la maza agxiliwe yonke indawo ngenxa yengozi yemvelo, izimo zezulu, imisebenzi eyenziwe ngabantu. Amagagasi angasakazeka ngaphezu kwebanga elide. Amajuba, usebenzisa i-infrasound, thola uhlobo lwebalazwe elingenayo indawo angayisebenzisa ngayo. 
Ngokwezinye izinkolelo, izinyoni zisebenzisa Insimu yezwe geomagneticfuthi futhi ube "ikhampasi eyakhelwe ngaphakathi" futhi iqondiswe ilanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amajuba angakwazi ngekhanda indawo futhi aphunga kahle, okukuvumela ukuba uthole ngokushesha indlela yakho ekhaya.
Ngokuvamile, amajuba angakwazi ukumboza amabanga angaba ngu-1 100 km uma efinyelela eminyakeni engu-3 ubudala, emaflaya athatha isilinganiso samahora angu-15-18. Kodwa abantu abakhulu abanamandla nabanamandla banganqoba ibanga elikhulu ekufuneni isidleke sabo. Isivinini sezindiza esiphakeme singama-60-70 km / h, kodwa ezinye izinyoni zingakwazi ukufinyelela ngesivinini sezingu-100 ngisho nangama-150 km / h. Ukuze uthumele imiyalezo, inothi liphonswe ku-tube futhi liboshwe ezinyaweni zezinyoni. Ngoba le ncwadi yafika negama elikhethekile - i-pigeogram. 
Abamele ukhiye
Njengoba sibonile ngaphambili, ezinye izinhlobo zamajuba zinamakhono amaningi okuqeqesha nokuqondisa emkhathini, ngoba kusukela esikhathini esidlule bakhethwa ukuthumela imilayezo futhi benza umsebenzi wokukhetha ubuhlungu ukuze kuthuthukiswe izimfanelo zokusebenza. Okulandelayo, sicabangela izici zezinhlobo eziyinhloko zamajuba.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamajuba ziqukethe inyama yokudla.
Quarry English
Ngokuphambene negama, indawo yokuzalwa yohlobo i-Asia. Esikhathini sekhulu le-XV, le nyoni yafika eYurophu, lapho izinyoni zezindiza zathuthuka khona. Lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa nezimfanelo eziphakeme zezindiza, ukushayela okusheshayo, okuqondile. 
Izici eziyinhloko:
- isisindo: 560-650 g;
- ubude bomzimba kusukela ekuqaleni komlomo kuya emlonyeni womsila ungama-43-47 cm;
- inqwaba: emfushane, enesisindo, ezimpaphe - kanzima, umbala ungahluka (omnyama, omhlophe, ompunga, umkhonto, okuhlukile);
- icala: inamandla, isimo se-oblong nesifuba esikhulu kanye nomhlane omude;
- ikhanda: encane, isakhiwo se-oblong;
- intamo: eside kakhulu, mncane;
- ubhontshisi: eside (kuze kufinyelele ku-5 cm), umbala uncike emagqumeni futhi ungaba mnyama noma u-pink. Ehlanganiswe nezikhukhula zesikhumba ezikhuphuka ngokukhula kuphela kanti abantu abaneminyaka engu-3 ubudala bafinyelela ubukhulu be-walnut;
- umsila: eside, phansi, izimpaphe ezithinta phansi;
- amaphiko: ezinamandla, ezinamandla, eside, amahlombe aqhutshwa phambili, amathiphu amaphiko aguqukela emsila;
- isikhathi: kufika ku-70 cm;
- isikhathi sokuphila: Iminyaka engu-15-25.
IsiBelgium (i-Antwerp)
"AbaBelgi" bangabanikazi phakathi kwezihlobo zamajuba ngesivinini sezindiza. Ngokuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezinyoni ezihlobisa. Ukubukeka okumangalisayo kanye nezici zezindiza ezinhle kakhulu ezitholwa kubazali bazo: uhlobo lwesiJalimane lwezinkumbi, umbukiso wase-Antwerp kanye nezintambo-izivakashi. Lolu hlobo lwavela ekhulwini le-19 edolobheni laseBelgium lase-Antwerp.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- inqwaba: obukhulu, obufushane, umbala oyinhloko - amhlophe, amaphiko aphiko angase abe nsundu noma aphuzi;
- icala: ebanzi, enamandla, ngezihluthulelo ezithuthukile kahle, isethi esihleliwe;
- ikhanda: enamandla, ebanzi emehlweni, amakhulu;
- intamo: obukhulu futhi obufushane;
- ubhontshisi: ubude obuphakathi, umthunzi obomvu, une-ceramum encane;
- umsila: emfushane futhi emincane, isethi ene-horizontally;
- amaphiko: onamandla, eqinile emzimbeni, egubungele ngokuphelele;
- isikhathi sokuphila: Iminyaka engu-15-20.
Uyazi? Intengo yalolu hlobo iphakeme kakhulu njengemiphumela yezemidlalo yezinyoni. Isibonelo, ngo-2012 inhlanzi yaseBelgium inzalo yayithengiswa ngama-dollar ayizigidi ezingama-328 kumuntu osomabhizinisi waseShayina.
IsiJalimane
Leli hlobo oluhle kakhulu lokuhlobisa amajuba, okuvame ukusetshenziswa embukisweni noma njengenyoni ekhiqizayo. Kwavela maduzane, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi lifana kakhulu nohlobo lwangaphambili - izinyoni zase-Antwerp.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- inqwaba: obukhulu, obushelelezi futhi obukhulu kakhulu, imibala ingahluka, kodwa umbala oyisisekelo kufanele uhlanganise wonke umzimba, ngaphandle kwamasu omsila namaphiko, okukhethwa kukho umbala kanye nephethini kuvunyelwe;
- icala: i-stocky, eqinile, i-horizontally set, i-tapers emsila, ngesifuba esikhulu;
- ikhanda: ububanzi obuseduze kwamehlo futhi bubheke emlonyeni, iphrofayli ihlehlisiwe kahle, ngemuva kwekhanda kuhlanganiswe;
- intamo: i-oblong, ijika ngekhanda, isondela esifubeni;
- ubhontshisi: ubude obuphakathi, obukhulu, bunesisekelo esibanzi, kungenzeka kube ngumnyama omnyama noma obomvu;
- umsila: emincane, emfishane (ngaphesheya kwamaphiko kuya 2 cm);
- amaphiko: ubude obuphakathi, obubanzi;
- imilenze: onamandla, ongekho amaphephu, obomvu.
IsiRussia
Izinyoni ezinhle, ezinamandla ezinezimfanelo eziphakeme ezindizayo. Izici eziyinhloko:
- inqwaba: obukhulu, obukhulu. Ngokuvamile kunombala omsulwa omsulwa, noma kunjalo, ukuba khona kwephethini ye-motley nganoma iyiphi inhlanganisela yombala kuvunyelwe;
- icala: elula, enomusa, efakwe ngokuzungezile, ngesifuba se-convex;
- ikhanda: usayizi omncane, ubuhle;
- intamo: ubude obuphakathi, obuncane, buya emahlombe;
- ubhontshisi: elifushane futhi elibukhali, ngephuzu eligobile;
- umsila: ubude obude, obude obuphakathi, beka ngokuzenzekelayo;
- amaphiko: ezinamandla, ezincane futhi ezide, amahlombe ahamba phambi kwesifuba, amathiphu amaphiko aphakanyiswa ngaphezu komzimba;
- imilenze: hhayi iphinde, umthunzi obomvu, ubude obuphakathi.
Amajuba empi awathatha igama lawo ngokulwa nezimfanelo, kodwa ngenxa yempi enkulu yempi namaphiko abo, abaphuma kuwo. Lokhu kufana nalokho okuvela ku-Armavir, Baku, Takla, Uzbek, Agaran, Kasan.
Ama-dragoons (ama-dragons)
Lezi yizinyoni ezinhle ezihlobisa ngenhliziyo enzima futhi negama elingavamile. Awufani namadons, kepha ahlobene nesihlobo sabo esiseduze nesibeletho - umsebenzi weNgisi - ngokuphelele. Ekuqaleni, lolu hlobo lwaluyimfanelo emihle kakhulu yezindiza, futhi lwalukwazi ngisho nokucindezela izitsha zokugqoka, kodwa ngokuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana okusheshayo, udrako waqala ukusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlobisa imidwebo. 
Ngenxa yalokho, izinyoni zalahlekelwa yizimfanelo zazo zangaphambili ezindizayo futhi zashintsha ukubukeka kwazo: zaba nzima kakhulu, zinqamule futhi zinkulu. Kuze kube manje, azisetshenziselwa ezemidlalo.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- inqwaba: obukhulu, obukhulu futhi obunzima. Izimpaphe zihlakaniphile, imibala ngisho, imibala ehlukahlukene ngebhande lombala ohlukile uvunyelwe;
- icala: ububanzi, imisipha, inamandla, nesifuba esikhulu se-convex;
- ikhanda: encane, oblong. Umqhele - ukuhamba;
- intamo: i-oblong, ilukhuni, ikhula emahlombe;
- ubhontshisi: i-oblong, enamandla, engxenyeni engenhla ehlanganiswe nezingxenyana ezihamba phambili ze-pink noma i-white tint;
- umsila: esifushane, emincane;
- amaphiko: ezinamandla, ezinkulu, ezibanzi, zibuthana emsila isikhathi eside;
- imilenze: inamandla, imisipha, ubude obuphakathi, ehlanganiswe nempaphe.
Thola ukuthi zingaki amajuba ahlala endle nasekhaya, ukuthi ungathola kanjani ubulili bejuba kanye nokulingana kwamajuba; Iziphi izifo amajuba emigwaqo ahlupheka?
AmaCzech
Iposi laseCzech (ezemidlalo) amajuba ahlukaniswa amandla angokwenyama nokuzivikela okuqinile, ngesikhathi esifanayo banamathela kakhulu, bajwayele ukuqeqeshwa futhi baqeqeshwa futhi ngokuvamile bavulekile ukusebenza nabantu. Uhlobo luthandwa kakhulu emincintiswaneni. Izimfanelo eziphakeme ezindizayo ezinamajuba zingasebenza emadolobheni amade.
Izici eziyinhloko:
- inqwaba: obushelelezi, obukhulu. Umbala - ukukhanya, ngamabhande womthunzi ohlukile;
- icala: ebushelelezi, ehambisana ngokuphindiwe, isethi enezingqimba;
- ikhanda: encane, ehlelwe ezinhlangothini, ngenxenye ebanzi;
- intamo: i-oblong, emahlombe - enwetshiwe;
- ubhontshisi: ubude obuphakathi, obuncane futhi bukhali, ngezingqimba ezibizwa;
- umsila: encane, emincane, cishe egcwele amaphiko;
- amaphiko: eqinile, eside, ekhomba emaphethelweni, amahlombe ahamba kancane phambi kwesifuba.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Gcina iposi (okungukuthi, ezemidlalo) amajuba kudingeka ahlanzeke, afudumele, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi kungenzeka ukuba ahambe.
Zijwayele ngamasu ekuzaliseni amajuba: indlela yokwakha i-dovecote, ugcine amajuba ebusika.
I-airfare kufanele ihlangabezane nalezi zimo ezilandelayo:
- indawo: Abalimi abaningi bacebisa ukubeka i-dovecot ngangokunokwenzeka e-attic, kunoma yikuphi, i-aviary kufanele ibe kude nezakhiwo zasemapulazini, i-cesspools, imigqa yamandla. Uma ukwakhiwa kufanelekile ukubeka ohlangothini oluseningizimu;
- ubukhulu: elinye lamanye amajuba lizodinga okungenani 0.5 metres square. m square, ukuphakama ekamelweni akufanele kudlule u-2 m. Ngenani elikhulu lezinyoni, i-dovecote ihlukaniswe yaba yizigaba ezingu-15 ngayinye ngayinye;
- ukuphumula umoya: ngokuba umoya we-ventilation, kulula ukwenza iminyango emibili (main and lattice), kanye nokukhipha ama-hood ephahleni;
- ukukhanyisa: Usuku olukhanyayo lwezinyoni kufanele luhlale ngamahora angu-12, ngakho-ke uma kunesidingo, kudingeka usebenzise ukukhanya okungeziwe kagesi;
- Ukushisa: Ngokuvamile amajuba adingekile ukushisa okufakiwe. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ebusika izinga lokushisa ekamelweni aliwi ngaphansi + 5 ... + 10 ° ะก, ngenxa yalokhu, indlu yezinkukhu kufanele ifudumele futhi itshwala lisetshenziswe. Kubuye kuyingozi kakhulu izinyoni ukuba zishise kakhulu, ngoba ehlobo uphawu oluyi-+20 ° C;
- udoti: esetshenziselwa izidleke futhi phansi. Izinto zokwakha zingase zihluke: utshani, utshani, amagatsha amancane, izimpaphe, i-sawdust enezingqimba ezifinyelela ku-10 cm. Ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo, uhlaka lweqabunga, umhlonyane noma umuthi wokhuni lufakwa ngaphansi kwelasi.
- abasebenzisa iziphuzo neziphuzo: Ngokuvamile ama-feeders box boxer afakwe (angakwazi ukuzenzekelayo). Akekho umuntu odinga isikhala esingu-7 cm. Iziphuzo zokuphuza zikulungele ukulungela. Kubalulekile ukuthi izinyoni zikwazi ukuthola amanzi ahlanzekile njalo;
- ama-perches: umuntu ngamunye udinga amapulangwe angu-30-50 cm kuye ngokuthi uhlobo oluthile. I-crossbars iphakanyiswe ngokuzungezile odongeni, kude no-80 cm ukusuka phansi kanye nokushayela;
- izidleke: iziphazamiso zezidleke zendoda eyodwa: 80 * 40 * 30 cm. Ukulala akufanele kubekwe, amajuba akwenza lokhu ngokwabo, ngaphandle kwalokho angenqaba isidleke sonke.
Kubalulekile! Emagumbini eduze nomnyango wokungena kufanele ube umamukeli. Le divayisi ifomini, elisetshenziselwa ukuqeqeshwa nokuncintisana kokuhlola izinyoni.
Yini ongayidla
Njengoba amaflaya ezemidlalo asebenzisa amandla amaningi, adinga ukudla okunomsoco ukuze awugcwalise. Noma kunjalo, awukwazi ukondla izinyoni, njengoba zingase zilahlekelwe umumo wazo wezemidlalo.
Ngokombono wabalimi, i-peas ephuzi yiyona engcono kakhulu yokudla amajuba ama-homing, futhi ebusika, ukudla kufanele kugxile kuma-oats, ummbila, ukolweni kanye nezinhlamvu ze-sunflower - zonke lezi ziko zakha isisekelo sokudla. 
Kuyasiza futhi ukwengeza imifino esisha noma evunyiwe (i-ulethisi, i-plantain, i-clover, inambuzane, i-alfalfa, iklabishi nesipinashi) nemifino.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nezakhiwo eziwusizo ze-ulethisi, i-plantain, i-clover, i-nettle, i-alfalfa, iklabishi, isipinashi, kanye nokutshalwa kwe-ulethisi, iklabishi nesipinashi endaweni.
Ingxenye yesilinganiso yansuku zonke yesondlo ingaba ngu-60 g ngamunye ngabanye. Phakathi nenkathi ye-molting, i-egg-laying kanye nokufakelwa ngaphakathi, phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika, izingxenye zinganyuswa izikhathi ezingu-1.5-2. Kumele kube khona izithasiselo zamaminerali (igobolondo, igobolondo, njll) kanye nosawoti. Kubuye kubalulekile ukucebisa ukudla kwezinyoni ngezinhlamvu ezihlwanyelwe: ibhali nama-oats.
Kuvinjelwe ngokuqinile ukondla amajuba ngemikhiqizo yobisi, inyama nenhlanzi, imikhiqizo yokubhaka. Le mikhiqizo ingabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kokugaya, noma ngisho nokuholela ekufeni, njengoba umzimba wenyoni awukwazi ukuwagaya.
Ukuqeqeshwa
Kuningi okungashiwo ngokuqeqeshwa nokuqeqeshwa kwamaflaya. Uma ungumuntu omusha kule nsimu, khumbula imithetho embalwa ebalulekile:
- ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5, lapho izinyoni zithola ukuqhuma njalo, ungaqala ukuqeqesha ngezindiza, kodwa ukuqeqeshwa kwangempela kuvela kuphela ezinyangeni ezine;
- ungaqeqeshi amatshwele nabesifazane kuze kube sezinsana ezindala;
- ukuqeqeshwa kubanjwa kuphela ngenkathi efudumele, kusukela ngo-Ephreli, ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezihle;
- izinyoni ezincane nezindala zidinga ukukhululwa nokuqeqeshwa ngokwehlukana;
- Ukuqeqeshwa kokuqala ibanga kungu-5 km.
Ngemuva kokuqaphela ibanga lokuqala, amahobe akhishwa ngo-10, 20, 50, 80, 150 km. Ngonyaka wokuqeqesha wokuqala, ibanga elide lezinyoni akufanele lidlule i-320 km ngendiza ngayinye, ephakathi kwamahora angu-3-5. Ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, ijuba liqala umlutha nokuzethemba kumnikazi, ithuthukisa izici zomzimba nokukhuthazela, futhi iqala ukuhamba kangcono. Futhi ukubopha kwayo esihlahleni kuyathuthukiswa. Amakhono amahle kakhulu aboniswa yizinyoni ezinamaqembu amabili.
Kubalulekile! Kudingeka ukhethe ngokucophelela indawo yokukhishwa kwenyoni. Kufanele ivuleke futhi ihambisane neflaya ukuze ihambe. Ungavumeli amajuba ezigodini, izindawo ezinamapulangwe nezintaba azikwazi.
Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho bahambisana nomthetho: uma umuntu ebonisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu, akavunyelwe ukuncintisana, kodwa usetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa umsebenzi ukuze athole inzalo enkulu enezimfanelo ezifanayo. Izinyoni zivunyelwe ukuncintisana lapho zifinyelela eminyakeni emithathu ubudala.
Ividiyo: amajuba wokufundisa ezemidlalo
Nakuba esikhathini sethu singasetshenziselwa ukuletha imiyalezo, kodwa ijubane, ukuhlakanipha nokuzinikezela kwalezi zinyoni kusengakujabulela emincintiswaneni nasemibonisweni. Ngokuvamile, izinyoni kulula ukuzigcina, njengoba zingenakuzithoba futhi zivumelanisa nezimo. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhwe emfundweni, ekuqeqeshweni nasekuqeqesheni, uma ufuna ukukhulisa amathimba.
