I-postpigeon post yayisebenza kanjani ngaphambili

Ngombono wabantu abaningi banamuhla, i-mail yolwazi yinkinga ye-anachronism, i-echo yakudala esidlule, ehlanganiswe ne-aura yothando.

Kodwa nokho, maduzane, ukuxhuma okunjalo kwakuyindlela evame kakhulu yokuxhumana, futhi esheshayo.

Ngabe i-mail yamajuba yafika nini

Kucatshangwa ukuthi le ndoda yayidonsa amajuba eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-50 eyedlule, futhi ngokusho kolunye ulwazi, kuvela ukuthi le nyoni ihlale nathi iminyaka engaba ngu-10 000. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, izakhamuzi zamazwe ahlukene zikwazi ukubona ikhwalithi engavamile neyigugu kakhulu yezinyoni ezinjalo-ikhono lokuthola ngokunembile ikhaya labo. Uma siphendukela emlandweni, inhlanzi yokuqala kufanele icatshangelwe, ngokusobala, lokho UNowa wathumela phakathi noZamcolo lapho efuna uSushi.

Kubalulekile! Ngokushesha ngesivinini eside, umgogodla kuphela, i-hawk kanye ne-mountain killer whale ingakwazi ukuphikisana nenjuba-postman. Ijuba lingakwazi ukuhamba isikhathi eside ngesivinini se-100 km / h nokuningi.

Bazi kanjani ukuthi bangahambaphi nokuthi bahamba kangakanani

Kunemibono eminingi mayelana nokuthi le nyoni ithola kanjani indlela eya ekhaya. Mhlawumbe njengendlela yokuhamba, amajuba asebenzisa izindawo zemvelo zemvelo zomhlabanoma mhlawumbe kungukuthi ilanga, kusiphi isikhundla esibheke khona esikhaleni.

Akungabazeki ukuthi amajuba angahamba kuphela ekhaya, okungukuthi, endaweni avela kuyo. Ngokuvamile kwakukhona amacala lapho izinyoni zihamba ngaphezu kwebanga elingaphezu kuka-1000 km.

Umlando weposi we-Pigeon

Kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi i-mail ye-pigeon yabonakala futhi yathandwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuqala kwezikhathi zasendulo. Ngokushesha nje lapho izizwe ezincane ezihlakazekile ngaphesheya kwezinguquko ezingenamkhawulo zithatha indawo yale ndawo, kwadingeka isidingo sokudlulisa ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile imiyalezo phakathi kwenhloko kanye nezifundazwe. Ukubaluleka okukhulu kwakuwukukhulumisana ezindabeni zempi. Futhi kusukela lapho umlilo noma izigubhu zemoto zidlulisela isignali okwesikhashana nje, babengenakukwazi ukuncintisana nezinyoni ezisheshayo neziqinile.

Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda ngemvelaphi nomlando wokukhulelwa kwezinkukhu.

E-Antiquity naseNkathini Ephakathi

Amandla amajuba abuyele esidlekeni sawo ayaziwa IGrisi lasendulo, iRoma, iGibhithe neMpumalanga Ephakathi. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-Middle Ages, izizwe zamaGaul neziJalimane azisebenzisanga nje amajuba njengabathumeli bezombusazwe, kodwa futhi basebenzisa amakhono abo ngenhloso yokulwa nempi kanye nokuhweba.

Phakathi nekhulu le-XII I-Egypt kwaba esinye sezikhungo zokuthuthukiswa kwalolu hlobo lokuxhumana.

Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukuphana okungakaze kube nakho kwabaphathi bendawo, abavuma ukukhokha imali enkulu kubantu abathunyelwe kahle.

Kamuva, phakathi neminyaka yama-70 yekhulu le-XVI, phakathi neMpi YeMinyaka Engu-Eyinkulungwane, amajuba adlala indima ebalulekile ekuvinjelweni kwedolobha laseDutch laseLeiden elivukela amaSpanish. Lapho izakhamuzi zomuzi ovimbekile, ekuphelelwe ithemba, zikulungele ukuzinikela, umholi webutho laseDutch, uWilliam wase-Orange, wabathumela umlayezo ngosizo lensiza, lapho anxusa abantu basekhaya ukuba babambe izinyanga ezintathu. Ekugcineni, u-Leiden akakaze athunjwe.

Uyazi? I-Belgian Pigeon Sports Society, eyahlelwa ngo-1818, kufanele ibhekwe njengeqembu lokuqala labathandi be-pigeon. Bese uthandaAmaqembu e-e aqala ukuvula lonke elaseYurophu. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-100 eParis kuphela, kwakukhona ama-postmen aqeqeshiwe angama-8 000 aqeqeshiwe.

Ngekhulu le-19

Ngaphambi kokufika nokusetshenziswa okubanzi kwe-telegraph, kwakunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zokuxhumana okusheshayo: isithunywa se-equestrian kanye namajuba othwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhanjiswa kwemiyalezo yakamuva kwakungaphezu kokuqala. UFriedrich von Amerling (1803-1887) "I-Pigeon Mail" Ngisho nangesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwezimboni, abathumeli bezintambo babevame ukungabi nakancane. Ngokwezinga elithile, ngenxa yabo, imibuso yezezimali yesikhathi esizayo yakhiwa - okhokho bezinkampani zansuku zonke zezwe.

Isibonelo salokhu yisivumelwano esiletha UNathan Rothschild inzuzo enkulu: ngo-1815, ngenxa yeposi le-feather, lo mshini webhizinisi wafunda ngokunqotshwa kukaNapoleon e-Waterloo ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambi kokuncintisana kwakhe. UNathan Rothschild Ngokungokwemvelo, imiphumela yezomnotho yokunqotshwa kwezempi yabe isheshe ibalwe yinhlakanipho yezohwebo.

Ukwazi ukuthi lezi zindaba zithinta kanjani ukugcinwa kwezimali zesiFulentshi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, wenza imisebenzi edingekayo ekushintsheni, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwakungomunye wabasebenzi, uma kungenjalo kuphela umzuzi (umzuzi).

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uhulumeni waseNetherlands wasungula isimiso sokuthunyelwa kwamapipi, esetshenziselwa kokubili izinhloso zomphakathi kanye nezidingo zebutho, eziqhingini zenye yamakoloni alo - okwamanje Indonesia. Njengendlela yokudiliva esebenzisa izinhlobo zamajuba aseBaghdad.

Kubalulekile! Akufanele uqeqeshwe inyoni engaphili kahle; ingathola umlingani ngokwayo kwenye indawo. Ngesizathu esifanayo, akudingekile ukukhulula izinyoni ezihlukene ezivela endlini yezinkukhu.

Ngesikhathi Impi yaseFranco-Prussian ka-1870-1871, indlela kuphela yokuxhumana nabalindi baseJalimane eParis kwakuyi-postmen enezimpi. Inani lemininingwane limangalisa nje - ama-150 ayizincwadi ezisemthethweni kuphela, futhi cishe izikhathi eziningi eziyisikhombisa eziyimfihlo. Ngaleso sikhathi, lolu hlobo lokuxhumana aluhambanga phambili inqubekelaphambili kwezobuchwepheshe: imiyalezo yahlanganiswa, ngolwazi oluthe xaxa, ngolwazi lwamasu wokukhulisa isithombe. Ngakho-ke, umkhulisi wezithombe wasetshenziselwa ukucacisa ukuthumela.

Isiphetho esiyinhloko lapho iposi yathunyelwa khona eParis kwakungumuzi weTours; amajuba asuka enhlokodolobha yaseFrance athathwa ebhaluni. AmaJalimane azama ukulwa nabamemezeli be-air ngosizo lwabagadi, kepha imigqa yokuxhumana isasebenza. Mhlawumbe ukuvimbezelwa kweParis, futhi mhlawumbe enye into eyayikuthi ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX, amazwe amaningi aseYurophu aqala izinsizakalo ze-pigeon zokudinga izidingo zempi. Kodwa hhayi kuphela amasosha asebenzisa leli talenta lezinyoni ngokuzikhandla - abezindaba abazange bamshiye ngaphandle kokunaka. Isibonelo, ethandwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi ama-regattas ahlukahlukene ahlanganiswe ngokugcwele emaphephandabeni. Abantu babefuna ukwazi ngemiphumela yokudoba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yalokho, leli phephandaba, elalisengaphambili linikeze ulwazi oluthembekile ngemiphumela yezinhlanga, lithengise amanye amakhophi kunabompikiswano. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho abezindaba beqala ukuxoxisana nabanikazi kanye namakhanda amachibi, ukuze bakwazi ukuhambisa izimoto zokuhambisa eziphuthumayo - amajuba.

Hlola amathiphu okuzalisa amajuba, futhi ufunde mayelana nokuphila kwemigodi.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX I-Hawaii akukaze kube enye yezindawo zase-US kanye nendawo ehloniphekile. Kwakuyiqembu elincane leziqhingi elahlekile e-Pacific Ocean, okwakungavamile ukuvakashelwa umkhumbi weposi noma umgibeli - futhi kaningi ukuphindaphinda kwamanzi noma izithelo. Eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lama-20, hhayi nje kuphela ukuthunyelwa kweposi kwakhiwe ohlelweni lwama-archipelago, kodwa umbukiso wezinkampani zanamuhla - abahumushi bemali: ngaphezu kwezincwadi, le nsizakalo ithunyelwe ukheshi.

Kuyafaneleka ukuphawula futhi Insizakalo yeposi ye-Great Barrier Island. Kusukela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuze kufike ngo-1908, lapho ikhebula le-telegraph libekwe eceleni kwezilwandle, lixhuma lesi siqhingi nenhloko-dolobha yeNew Zealand-Auckland. Isikhungo sabizwa Isevisi ye-bluegram. Lesi sikhungo sahlukaniswa indlela eqinile kakhulu, yezobuchwepheshe: kwaze kwakhishwa isitembu sayo sokuposa. Insizakalo yayine-recorder-breaker kanye nomnikazi wayo wokurekhoda - i-Velocity pigeon, eyalinqoba ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angu-100 ngemizuzu engu-50.

Uyazi? INkosana yasePrussia uFrederick Karl wanika unina ingulube evela eParis. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4 inyoni yahlukana, ikwazi ukuthola "umgwaqo" futhi ubuyele ekhaya.

Impi Yezwe Lokuqala Neyesibili

Ikhulu leminyaka lama-20, naphezu kwayo yonke inselelo yezobuchwepheshe, ayikhohlwa ngamajuba: aqhubeka esebenzisa kabanzi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Lokuqala Neyesibili. Impi yamazwe aseBrithani, iMpi Yezwe I. Lezi zilwane zasindisa ukuphila kwamasosha nabagibeli abangaphezu kwesisodwa, ukuletha imibiko ezimweni lapho kungekho muntu ngaphandle kwabo owakwazi ukwenza kanjalo. Ngaphezu kokulondoloza izimpilo, izinyoni zasiza ekuphumelelweni kwezimo ezibonakala zingenathemba. Amasosha aseFrance anamajuba, ngo-1914-1915 Ungakhumbula indaba edumile UViti Cherevichkinaukuthi zonke izingane zaseSoviet zaziyazi. Umfana oneminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu wadutshulwa amaNazi ngoba, ngokungahambisani nemigomo yaseJalimane, akazange abhubhise amajuba akhe, esebenzisa nabo ukuxhumana ne-Red Army eRostov ethunjiwe. Isikhumbuzo Sokufika Cherevichkina

Ingabe bayayisebenzisa namuhla?

Ngemuva kwempi, i-ejenti eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Reuters yabezindaba isetshenziselwa ukuthumela ama-posters ngenxa yezimoto ezivimbela imoto ukuba ingadluli. EYalta, iphephandaba lendawo uKurortnaya Gazeta lisebenzise lolu hlobo lokuxhumana.

Njengamanje, i-mail ye-pigeon isetshenziselwa ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela - ukukhangisa, izinhloso zezohwebo, ukugcina imicimbi yokugubha okugubhayo, izenzakalo ze-philatelic.

Kukhona amaqembu ezemidlalo yama-pigeon abamba imihlangano, ama congresses kanye nemincintiswano - hhayi kuphela eqenjini elifanayo noma edolobheni, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe.

Kubalulekile! Okubaluleke kakhulu indawo lapho ijuba lizobuyela khona ekhaya. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ukuphakama okuvulekile kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Esigodini, i-postman enezinsizwa ayiboni izindawo ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo. Imininingwane engajwayelekile yomhlaba (izintaba, imifula emikhulu) namahlathi anamanzi angesabisa le nyoni.

Ukuzala amajuba

Nakuba izinhlobo ezahlukene ezazisetshenziselwa inkonzo yeposi, ezine zazo zaziwa kakhulu:

1. Quarry English - inyoni enkulu enkulu enomzimba othuthukisiwe nomlomo nge-bone engavamile okwakhiwe kuyo.

2. Flanders (Brussels) - ubukhulu obukhulu, obukhulu kunabanye abameleli bezinhlanga zaseBelgium, ngentamo eqinile enomlomo nangomlomo omfushane, unamaphiko anamathele emzimbeni.
3. I-Antwerp - Olunye uhlobo, ekuqaleni lwaseBelgium. Izici zobunzima yizintambo ezinomusa nomnene.

4. Luttih - encane kunabo bonke, kodwa inezimfanelo ezinhle zeposi.

Kunezinye izinhlobo eziningana eziseduze nezimfanelo zazo kulabo ababalwe ngenhla, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezehlukene zisabonwa ngokujulile njengabathumeli - isibonelo, i-rock pigeon, i-Dutch tumler.

Funda futhi ngezinhlobo zamajuba: amapikole, i-Nikolaev, amajuba aphilayo (Baku, Takla, Uzbek, Agaran), inyama (ukuzalwa, ukuzala).

Ukuqeqeshwa kanjani

Ngokujwayelekile ukuqala kokuqeqesha kukhona ehamba nge-dovecote. Aqaliswa akukho ngaphambi kwezinyoni ezinyangeni eyodwa nenyanga. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-postman ezayo kufanele ivuleke ngokugcwele, futhi iphile okungenani izinsuku ezintathu e-dovecot, lapho azothatha khona izindiza zokuqeqesha.

Izindiza ezinjalo zihlala cishe izinyanga eziyi-1.5, emva kwalokho ziqhubekela phambili esigabeni esilandelayo sokuqeqesha: inyoni isuswa kude nendlu yezinyoni, ikhula ngesikhathi.

Uyazi? Umphakathi wokuqala waseRussia wezemidlalo yama-pigeon wahlelwa eKiev ngo-1890.

Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuqeqesha, abathumeli beposi abasafufusa abahambisani namamitha angu-320 (320 km). Ekuqeqesheni kukhona umthetho: ukunciphisa ibanga, okuyinto izinyoni fly, akufanele kube. Uma kungenjalo, ukuziphatha kwenyoni kuba yisibindi, sinciphisa okunamathiselwe esidlekeni sokuzalwa.

Nge ukuqeqesha ezindaweni ezifika ku-100 km Izinyoni zinikezwa usuku lokuphumula. Phakathi kwezindiza ezindizayo, le nyoni ihlala cishe amahora angu-90. Zonke ukuqeqeshwa, izindiza kanye namaphuzu avela lapho zenziwe khona zirekhodwa.

Ukusebenza okuvuthiwe kakhulu kusuka phakathi kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSeptemba.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuqukethwe kwamajuba: indlela yokwakha i-dovecote, indlela yokudla amajuba (amaphuphu).

Ekuqaleni kokuqeqeshwa, izimo zezulu ezimnandi ziyadingeka, futhi izindiza zokuqeqesha eziqhubekayo zenzeka kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Ukuze silondoloze ukuma kwamajuba aqeqeshiwe, ukuze uhlale unesimo esifanele, kanye njalo ngemva kwamasonto amane aqaliswe kumkhawulo omkhulu, cishe emva kwesikhathi esithile.

Abathumeli bekusasa abakhethiwe ukuqeqeshwa bahlezi ngokwehlukana, ngobulili, kuze kube ngu-3 emkhakheni owodwa. Kuyadingeka ukuba uphonsa ngokucophelela izinyoni zibe amabhasikithi ukuze uwayise esiteshini sokugcina. Isimo esibucayi, isimo sokuzikhukhumeza, noma ukuzwa okungathandeki kokuxhumana ngezandla kunganciphisa inyoni ukuba ingabuyeli ekhaya. Kungcono ukubamba amajuba ngosizo lensimbi, bejwayele kusengaphambili. Kodwa ebusuku inyoni impela ikuvumela ngokukhululekile ukuba uyithathe. Ijuba kufanele lithathwe esiteshini ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, njengokuhlala isikhathi eside ebhasikisini kuhoxisa inyoni futhi kuyenze kube buvila. Ukuthutha le nyoni kufanele ngabe yiziphi amajuba azi futhi angesabi. Ngokwejwayelekile, ngaphambi kokuba indiza udinga ukudala izimo ezikhululekile zezinyoni, ukuze babe nesifiso sokubuyela ekhaya. Ukukhulula inyoni kule ndege yokuqeqesha kufanele ibe ngaphambi kwemini.

Uma ibanga elisendlini lingaphakathi kuka-100-150 km, imizuzu engu-50-60 ngaphambi kokuqala, abathumeli bezandla banikezwa amanzi kanye nenani elincane lokusanhlamvu. Ukuze uqale ukhethe indawo enhle, ibhasikidi livuliwe futhi lishiyiwe. Ijuba likhuphuka, libukeka nxazonke, lithola indawo eyaziwa yedwa futhi liqala ukuhamba kwalo.

Kubalulekile! Indawo yokuma komhlaba ishukumisa indiza yenyoni. Ijuba lizonqoba ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-200 endaweni evulekile ngokushesha kunama-70 km ezindaweni eziyingozi.

Izinyoni ze-imeyili zidinga inkululeko eyengeziwe. Bona kuphela abazi ukuthi kufanele bahambe kanjani lapho bekhetha umzila. Izinyoni kudingeka zifunde ngokuzimela indawo eseduze nendlu, futhi zikwazi kahle ngezikhathi ezahlukene zonyaka. Futhi, ukuphila okusebenzayo akubavumeli ukuba bagcwale amanoni - i-pigeon ayiyona i-broiler, ukuthola isisindo esingeziwe akudingi lutho.

Ividiyo: ukuqeqeshwa kwamajuba

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kwendiza yendiza kuyi-100-150 m. Iqondiswe ngokuphelele kulokhu kuphakama, njengoba isetshenziselwa ukubona izinto ngezilinganiso ezifanele. Uma ngesizathu esithile udinga ukuthuthukisa ikhono lokuthola indlu nomhlaba kusuka ekuphakameni okukhulu, kufanelekile ukuyisebenzela, ngaphandle kwalokho izinkinga zingase ziphakame ngesikhathi sokubuya. Esiqongweni sefomu, amajuba aqeqeshiwe aphuma eminyakeni engaba ngu-3-3.5.

Thola ukuthi izinkukhu ze-pigeon zibukeka kanjani zifihle.

Hero amajuba

EMpini Yezwe Yokuqala, inhlanzi yokuthumela yayivela eU.SA eya eFrance Sher Amiokwenza ukuhamba okuningi nemibiko; ngesikhathi kuhlasela iMeuse-Argon, ngenxa yakhe, amasosha angaba ngu-200 asindiswe. Ijuba elincane lalimala, kodwa lahamba liya endaweni yalo ngaphandle kwamehlo, i-paw, nesilonda sesifuba. Wanikezwa iSiphambano Sempi kanye neGold Medal ye-American Society of Carrier Pigeons. Scarecrow Sher Ami Amajuba amabili, Commando noSoldier Joe, zanikezwa ngo-1945-46 uMary Deakin Medal (umklomelo omkhulu wempi wezilwane, iGrithani) ngokufaneleka kwempi okwakuboniswa phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. I-Dove G.I. UJoe, wanikeza umdanso waseMaria Deakin Phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili, abaqaphi baseDenmark basezindaweni zasemakhaya bathatha ulwazi olubalulekile olungahanjiswa kuphela ngosizo lwamagobe. I-Postman enezinsizi ihlangabezane nalo msebenzi. I-Mercury, futhi wathola umklomelo uDeakin. I-Mercury Dove Winky wayehlonishwa ngesithombe sebhedu nomdanso weDeakin. Wasindisa abasebenzi be-English submarine elele phansi, ehamba cishe ngamamayela angu-5,000 ama-nautical ezinsukwini ezingu-12. I-Winky Irish Postman Paddy NgoSeptemba 1, 1944 bathola umklomelo wezindaba zokufika kwama-Allied eNormandy. Ngamahora angu-4.5 le nyoni yahamba cishe ngamakhilomitha angu-400. Lena umphumela ophezulu kakhulu. Amajuba uPaddy noGustav abanezindondo zikaMaria Deakin, ngo-1944 I-Soldier Darling - Elinye iqhwa lejuba elondoloze i-Soviet submarine, ephula ngaphezu kuka-1000 km ezinsukwini ezimbili.

Ijuba lensimbi "48", nge-paw ephukile kanye nesilonda esibi, wanikeza umlayezo ovela kumbutho ohlangene owawuzungeza.

Uyazi? Umphathi wezinkumbi we-postal service yebutho laseFrance, uKaputeni Reno, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, wazama ukuthi inhlanzi ingahamba ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-3 000 phezu kolwandle futhi ifinyelele ogwini ngokuphepha.

Ividiyo: amajuba ensimbi

Nakuba i-mail ye-pigeon okwamanje ingavumi futhi iyadingeka, isabaningi abaqine kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Amajuba angamadalwa amahle anamaphiko abaye abonisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi uthando lwabo nokuzinikela kwabo. Abantu kufanele bakhumbule njalo lokhu futhi baphathe ngendlela efanele.