Umuntu ozalisa izinkukhu namaqanda esakhiweni sakhe akumele afunde kuphela imithetho yokuzala nokuhlala kwawo, kodwa futhi aqonde izifo ezingathinta izilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo. Futhi hhayi kuphela ukwazi ngabo, kodwa futhi ukukwazi ukubhekana ngendlela efanele ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze ungaphuthelwa izinyoni eziyingozi empilweni, kanye nempilo yabantu, izimo. Lezi zinto zikhuluma ngesifo esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-egg production-76 syndrome.
I-virus ukunciphisa isifo se-syndrome
Kunezifo zezinkukhu ezidluliselwa ezilwaneni ezithile kuya kwesinye ezingenazo izimpawu ezibonakalayo kuze kube yilapho isisulu sitholakale sitholakale ku-agent ye-causative yesifo.
Uyazi? Izinkukhu zaqala ukukhuliswa cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezintathu edlule ensimini lapho iTopiya yanamuhla ikhona khona.
Ukunciphisa i-Syndrome ekukhiqizeni kwamaqanda-76 (EDS-76) kuqala kutholakala futhi kuchazwa eNetherlands ngo-1976. Kukholelwa ukuthi amadada aphethwe yigciwane: ezifuywayo nezilwane zasendle, noma kunjalo, zona ngokwazo azipheleli lesi sifo.
Iqiniso lokuthi ama-antibodies ku-pathogen awazange atholakale kumasampuli we-serum atholakala egazini lezinkukhu ngaphambi kokuba unyaka ocacisiwe uthathwe njengobufakazi bokuthi phakathi nalesi sikhathi lesi sifo senzeke.
Ngemuva kwalokho, i-virus ye-virus, efana neyokuqala, i-strain-127, yayingasese emazweni ahlukahlukene aqhubekela phambili: e-England, eFrance, e-Italy, eJapane, eHungary. Lokhu kusho ukuthi isifo esitholakale sisakaze emhlabeni wonke. I-EDSL-76, noma i-adenovirus isifo (i-Egg drop Syndrome-76), ibonakala ukuthi ekubekeni ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda amaqanda kunciphisa ngenxa yokulimala ohlelweni lokuzala, ukushintsha kweqanda leqanda, izinga layo liyehla, igobolondo lihlukaniswa ngokweqile futhi liyancipha noma lingekho ngokuphelele, isakhiwo seprotheyini ephukile.
Seluleka ukuthi ufunde mayelana nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu ebusika, kanye nokuthi yiziphi amavithamini izinkukhu ezidinga ukubeka amaqanda.
I-agent causative yalesi sifo i-adenovirus (i-Adenoviridae) ye-DNA, ngakho-ke igama elinye lesi sifo. Lezi zinhlobo ezincane ezingezona izinhlobo eziziwayo ze-adenovirus zezinsizi futhi zinamandla, ngokungafani nalabo okukhulunywe ngabo, ekuqhakambeni ukuqubuka kwama-erythrocyte amaningi, kuhlanganise nezifuywayo, izinyoni.
Uyazi? Inkukhu ngeke idlule ebumnyameni, ngisho noma isikhathi sikulungele. Uzolinda kuze kufike usuku noma izibani zifika.
Ngemuva kokuba inkukhu ibhekene nalesi sifo, ithola ama-antibodies akwazi ukudlulisela enzalweni ngamaqanda.
I-microorganism ibucayi ku-formaldehyde, kodwa ayikwazi ukubhujiswa:
- ether;
- i-chloroform;
- i-trypsin;
- isixazululo se-phenol 2%;
- isisombululo sotshwala 50%.
Ezingeni lokushisa elingama-50, lisebenza amahora amathathu, ngo-56-degree - ihora elilodwa, ngama-80-degree - isigamu sehora. Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-pathogen iyanda emaqenjini e-epithelial oviduct futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubunjwa kwe-eggshell yekhwalithi evamile kuphazamiseka.
Uyazi? Inkukhu enomuntu oyedwa enezinhlelo zokuziphendulela namakhono afana nesethi ingane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala.
Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nezifo zezinkukhu kanye nezindlela zokwelashwa kwazo.
Inyoni eye isifo emva kokuphola ingase ihlangane:
- ovidetha i-edema nezinqubo ze-atrophic ngaphakathi kwazo - ukunciphisa nokunciphisa;
- kwezinye izimo - ama-cysts;
- ishintshe esibindi: ukwandisa usayizi, ukuphuziza, isakhiwo esivulekile;
- ukwandisa nokugcwalisa uketshezi kwe-gallbladder.
Izimbangela zesifo
Inkukhu yanoma yiluphi uhlobo noma yimuphi ubudala ingagula, kusukela ekukhiqizeni, kodwa, iminyaka "eyintandokazi" yokubonakaliswa kwegciwane iyinani lezinkukhu zokukhiqiza inkukhu: amasonto angu-25-35. Ukubona okukhulu kunakho kuboniswa ngokuzalisa izinkukhu, kanye nezendlalelo zohlobo lwenyama.
Ukubonakaliswa kwalesi sifo kukhanya kakhulu, kuphakama ukukhiqizwa kulindeleke kumuntu ngokuhambisana nezici zalo. I-Adenovirus, eyadluliselwa nge-transovarially (ngokusebenzisa iqanda elibekwe yi-hen elikhulelwe), lingase lihlale lihlala emzimbeni wenyoni encane kuze kube yilapho izimo zayo zicindezeleka, njengokuqala kwamaqanda. Ngesikhathi esifanele kuye, usebenze, ukunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu. Le ndlela yokudlulisela ibizwa ngokuthi yi-vertical.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila, inkukhu eyakhiwe eqanda elithathelwanayo noma elinegciwane le-EDSN-76 ngeke libonise ukubonakaliswa okucacile kwe-syndrome ekukhuleni komkhiqizo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukulindela izinga eliphezulu lokukhiqiza iqanda.
Kukhona futhi amathuba okutheleleka okuqondile:
- xhumana - ngokusebenzisa izingubo nezicathulo zabantu, ezokuthutha, izinto zasendlini nokukhathalela;
- ubulili - ngokusebenzisa isidoda seqhude;
- i-fecal-oral - ngokusebenzisa ama-droppings kanye nokukhipha emaceleni omlomo nangomlomo wabantu abanegciwane;
- ngokugoma izinyoni kwezinye izifo.
Abathwali be-causative agent ye-EDSN-76 banesandulela ngculaza, kanye nezinkukhu ezithole, amadada namahansi, kokubili ezifuywayo nezilwane zasendle, kanye nezinye izinyoni zasemanzini. Ngezinambuzane ezithathelwanayo, izinyoni zasendle zingathwala lesi sifo ngezindawo ezide.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka le nyoni igcinwa igxilile, esondelene kakhulu, ukusakazeka kwegciwane kuyashesha kakhulu futhi ukutheleleka kuyo yonke umhlambi kungenzeka ezinsukwini ezingu-1-14. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izendlalelo ezihlukanisiwe zihlukaniswe isikhathi eside, ngisho nalapho zisondelene nomuntu onegciwane.
Umonakalo wezomnotho
I-EDS-76 iveza ukulimala komnotho kokubili emapulazini ahlukene kanye nemifula emikhulu yezimboni. Phakathi nalesi sifo, ukudonsa kusuka koqweqwe olulodwa kungamaqanda angu-10-30, futhi ekuzaleni izinyoni kufikela ku-50. Lokhu kusho ukulimala okungu-17-25%. Ukubuyisela umkhiqizo womuntu oyedwa kuthatha amasonto amane kuya ku-6, uma kuqukethe emgodini. Ezinkukhu zigcinwe phansi futhi zixhumana nabanye abantu kanye nezinto zabo eziphilayo, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kungase kungabuyiselwa ezingeni lokuqala 6-12%.
Ngokuqondene nokuqothula amaqanda anikezwe abantu abanegciwane, eziningi zazo azifaneleki ukuzalana ngenxa yamabolondo amancane. Ngaphandle kokuthi amaphesenti amakhulu awo ahlanganisiwe esiteji sokuqala, ukuhlukumeza kuyancipha. Inani labo lokusinda ezinsukwini zokuqala emva kokuqothulwa nalo lanciphisa.
Funda imithetho yokukhiqiza izinkukhu usebenzisa i-incubator, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungabeka kanjani amaqanda ku-incubator.
Nakuba esikhathini sethu kunolwazi oluthe xaxa ngalesi sifo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okwanele kulo mzabalazo uma kuqhathaniswa no-1976, imibuzo eminye isaphikisana futhi ayinayo impendulo eqondile.
Kubalulekile! I-syndrome yanda kulawo mazwe asebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obukhiqizwa kakhulu kwezolimo ezinkukhu, futhi umonakalo omkhulu kubangelwa ukulimala.
Izimpawu
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokukhiqiza kumuntu onegciwane, i-pathogen ihlala emathunjini futhi ayizibonakali ngokwayo. Uma kufika isikhathi futhi ama-hormone we-inkukhu ashintshe ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda, igciwane liyasebenza futhi isigaba se-viremia siqala, okungukuthi, igciwane lijikeleza emzimbeni ngegazi.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayele izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa kwezinkukhu ezifana ne-conjunctivitis, pasteurellosis ne-colibacillosis.
Ukufinyelela i-epithelium ye-membrane yamangqamuzana ye-oviduct, igciwane lifaka ukungalingani kwamaminerali: i-sodium, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium nezinye, ngenxa yalokho inkukhu ibeka amaqanda amancane kakhulu, aphethwe amandla noma angabikho ngokuphelele.
Uyazi? Inkukhu emhlambini wezinkukhu, ngaphezu kwendima yayo yokuzala, yenza imisebenzi ebalulekile yezenhlalakahle nezokuphatha: ukulawula ukubusa kwosuku, ukuvimbela ukulwa, ukuvikelwa engozini, ngisho noma isitha sidlula ngamandla ngamandla nobukhulu.
Kuzo zonke izingqinamba zokutheleleka, izinkukhu zivame ukubonisa izifo zesifo.
Ngezinye izikhathi, ngokuvamile ngesimo esincane, singabonwa:
- izimpawu zokudakwa ngokweqile - ubuthakathaka, ukukhathala, nabanye;
- ukunciphisa ukudla;
- isifo sohudo kanye nokuba khona okuluhlaza kudoti;
- i-anemia;
- ukuphefumula obuthakathaka ekugcineni kwesimo esibi;
- umthunzi we-bluish we-scallops namacici.
Uphawu oluphawulekayo kanye nesifo siphume kakhulu ekukhiqizeni, ethwala amaqanda amancane, aphethwe yizinga eliphezulu kakhulu. Iprotheyini yalesi mkhiqizo iyamanzi futhi iguqukile. Izinkukhu eziboshwe kulezi ziqanda zinezinga eliphansi futhi zifa ngezinombolo eziningi ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwazo. Izimpawu zingahlukahluka ngokuya kwenkukhu:
- "amaqanda amafutha" kanye nekhwalithi encishisiwe yegobolondo ivame kakhulu emithanjeni emnyama nama-broilers;
- ukuguqulwa kwamaprotheni. Ukwehliswa kwakhe kanye ne-turbidity kuyinto ephawulekayo yeziphambano ezimhlophe.
Kubalulekile! Ukuwa akuwona uphawu lwesifo salesi sifo, izinga laso alitholakali ngaphezu kwama-5%. Isizathu ikakhulukazi i-yolk peritonitis.
Ukuhlonza
Ukuze uhlolwe kuqala futhi ugcine i-akhawunti yokulandelela, ama grafu kufanele asetshenziswe ukuze abonise ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo weqanda, ecabangela ukuthi, ngenxa ye-adenovirus, ukwehla kokukhiqizwa kweqanda kwenzeka emgqeni wezinsuku ezingu-200-240.
Uma kwenzeka ukwehliswa komkhiqizo kumuntu omdala ongaphezu kuka-300 ubudala, isizathu esiningi cishe esinye isici. Kunoma yikuphi, ngaphambi kokuthola ukuxilongwa kweqanda drop-syndrome-76, kufanele kukhishwe:
- Isifo se-Newcastle;
- i-coccidiosis;
- i-etiology bronchitis ezithathelwanayo;
- ukuhlasela kwe-helminthic;
- uketshezi ngezinto ezihlukahlukene;
- ukwehla kokudla;
- ezinye izici ezingase zenze ukwehla komkhiqizo weqanda.
Ukuthi ungaphi futhi kuphi
Uma igciwane litholakala ebhizinisini lezentengiselwano, ipulazi idluliselwa esigabeni sokungasebenzi futhi senze imingcele efanelekile: izinyathelo zokuhlanza imishini nokuchithwa kwemithi, ukugoma, ukuxosha, nokunye okunjalo.
Ukuthola inkukhu ngokusola kuka-EDS '76 kwinkukhu yangasese yangasese kuyisizathu sokumema udokotela wezilwane ozohlola nokugoma nokunikeza izincomo.
Yiziphi izinhlolovo ezizoqhutshwa
Ukuxilongwa kwe-"adenoviral infection" kwenziwa ngesisekelo socwaningo:
- i-epizootological;
- umtholampilo;
- i-pathoanatomical;
- i-laboratory.
Ukuhlaziywa ebhokisatri kuhlola:
- oviduct;
- ama-ovari nge-follicles;
- i-rectum nokuqukethwe kwayo;
- igazi;
- ukugeza okuvela ku-nasopharynx ne-cloaca.
Kungcono ukuqhuba ucwaningo ezinsukwini zokuqala zesifo (izinsuku ezingu-3-5), nokusebenzisa izinto ezivela ezinyoni ezafa noma ezingabulali ngaphezu kwamahora amabili adlule.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze uma izinkukhu zigijimela kabi futhi zikhanda amaqanda, udinga i-rooster ukuze izinkukhu ziphathe amaqanda lapho izinkukhu ezincane ziqala ukugijima
Igazi lokuzihlukanisa nokufundela i-serum yayo kuphakanyiswa ukuthatha kubantu ngabanye kula maqembu alandelayo (amasampula angu-15-20 kusuka ngamunye):
- Abantu abangu-1-200-day;
- Abantu abayizinsuku ezingu-160-180;
- Abantu abayizinsuku ezingu-220;
- Abantu abayizinsuku ezingu-300;
- Abantu asebekhulile bebambe umhlalaphansi;
- ama-specimens anezibonakaliso zesifo.
Uyazi? Izinkukhu zinalo "ulimi" lwazo, ezikwazi ukudlulisela izimpawu ezingaba ngu-30 ngosizo lomsindo kwabanye abantu. Kukhona ngisho nolimi "umama" olukhulunywa ngalo nenzalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinkukhu ezingakaze zenziwe izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwalesi sigameko kuxhumana ne-hen ngegobolondo, besebenzisa izibonakaliso ezingafani eziyishumi.
Ngokuqondene namaqanda, kuphakanyiswa ukuphenya ukuthi yiziphi amasampuli angaphansi kwe-violation nesakhiwo segobolondo kanye / noma okuqukethwe.
Indlela yokuphatha ngayo
Njengayezinye izifo eziningi zegciwane, ayikho ukwelashwa okuqondile. Kunconywa ukuba kugxile ekusizeni kokudla, ukugcwala kwayo ngama-amino acid abalulekile, amavithamini namaminerali. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-antibodies kuqala ngosuku lwesi-5-7 lesi sifo bese kuqhubeka amasonto amabili, emva kwalokho umuntu uthola impilo yakhe yonke.
Abaningi bafuna izimpendulo zemibuzo enjalo: isikhathi esingakanani inkukhu ihlala, indlela yokunquma iminyaka yenkukhu, indlela yokunquma ubulili bezinkukhu, kungani izinkukhu zihamba zigijima bese ziwela ezinyaweni.
Izinyathelo ezidingekile zibandakanya ukuhlukaniswa okudingekile kokuqala kokugula okuvela kulo lonke umhlambi, ikakhulukazi uma kugcinwa phansi. Kubalulekile ukuqapha yonke inyoni ngezinhlamvu zempawu.
Uma isimo saleso sifo akuyona into eyodwa, kudingeka kube nokwehlukaniswa. Inyoni empofu ihloselwe ukuhlatshwa, izinto eziphilayo ezithathwe kuwo zithunyelwa ukuhlaziywa kwe-laboratory isiqiniseko sokuthola ukuxilongwa.
Ngoba ukungasebenzi nge-co-op ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa lesi sidakamizwa "i-Brovadez-plus."I-coop iphathwa futhi ixiliswe nge-2% isixazululo se-formaldehyde. Amaqanda okufakelwa ekufakweni asetshenziselwa emva kwekhefu lezinyanga ezimbili. Ekuqaleni kwalesi sifo kunconywa ukwethula umuthi wokugoma: uketshezi oluketshezi noma okwenziwe emulsified inactivated.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukulandelela ukuqala kwalesi sifo hhayi ukuqala isimo: lokhu kungasiza ukugwema izinkinga eziningi ezihlobene nokusakazeka kwegciwane emhlambini wezinkukhu.
Lesi silinganiso singase siphumelele ukweqa isigaba se-viremia - ukusakazwa kwegciwane ngokusebenzisa igazi ngokwemvelo. Ngenxa yalokho, i-pathogen izolimaza kakhulu le nyoni, ngeke ibe khona ekusithekeni komzimba, ngaphezu kwalokho, le nqubo ivumela ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamaqanda kanye nomkhiqizo wezinyoni.
Ukuvimbela kanye nomgomo wokulwa negciwane
Ukugonywa kusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela isifo esinjalo esingathandeki njenge-egg-downing syndrome-76, okuvimbela isigaba se-viremia, esenza ngcono umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi ye-eggshell.
Abantu abayi-16-20 amasonto ubudala bayagonywa, bajobe izidakamizwa ngaphansi komuthi noma ngaphansi kwe-intramuscularly, futhi emva kwamasonto amabili inyoni iqala ukukhukhumezeka okungapheli unyaka owodwa.
Imishanguzo elandelayo isetshenziselwa ukugoma:
- amanzi angasebenzi;
- i-emulsified inactivated;
- ihlanganiswa ingasebenzi.
Izinyathelo zokuzivikela zisekelwe ekusetshenzisweni kwemithethonqubo yezilwane nezokuphepha ukuze kuvikelwe ukwethulwa kwe-pathogen emvelweni wangaphandle. Ngokuqanda amaqanda, amaqanda athathwa emaqenjini angaphezulu kwamaviki angu-40 asetshenziswa, futhi kufanele uqale uqiniseke ukuthi ukuhlaziya kwabo kuvamile.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi ungakhetha kanjani inkukhu efanele uma uthenga, ukuyihlomisa kanjani, ukwenza kanjani inkukhu yenkukhu ebusweni bokushisa, indlela yokwenza umoya wokuphuza umoya, ukwakhiwa kwenkomo yenkukhu ebusika, nokuthi kungcono kanjani ukushisa inkukhu yenkukhu ebusika.
Inyoni egazini layo i-pathogen etholakala ibulawa. Iqiniso lokuthola igciwane libonisa ukuba khona kwayo emagcekeni. Kulokhu, udinga ukuqapha inkukhu yakho yenkukhu futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngesikhathi.
Ukuze unciphise ingozi yokugqashuka endlini yakho yenkukhu, udinga uku:
- ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zangasese;
- iqukethe izinyoni ngokwahlukene ngamaqembu ezindala;
- ngokwehlukana ugcine umhlambi wezinkukhu kusuka ehansi kanye nedada;
- ahlanze futhi ahlaziye igciwane ekamelweni ngezikhathi, kanye nokuqoqa.
Uyazi? Izinkukhu zinamandla emizwelo: isihawu, ukudabuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, banezinga elifanele lokuhlakanipha lokukhumbula ukubonakala kwezinye izidalwa eziyikhulu, kanye nokusebenzisa ulwazi olukhona nolwazi mayelana nemvelo, nokwenza izinqumo.
Kuyabiza kakhulu kunokuvimbela ukwelashwa kwesifo. Ngisho nasencane yenkukhu, kubalulekile ukuba uhambisane nemigomo yokugcina futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlukanisa le nyoni uma kwenzeka ukusola ngesifo sayo. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuhambisana nemithetho elula futhi enengqondo kuvikela umlimi wezinkukhu ezifweni ezingathandeki nemiphumela yawo.