Ekubukeni kokuqala, kungabonakala sengathi ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kwama-currants inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi futhi edla isikhathi. Eqinisweni, isihlahla ngasinye sizodinga isikhathi esincane kakhulu sokusebenza ngakunye ngasebusika nasentwasahlobo. Lo msebenzi ngesisekelo sokuthi "wenze futhi ulinde ukuvuna," kepha konke kumele kwenziwe ngesikhathi.
Ungayinakekela kanjani ama-currants entwasahlobo
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Spring currant kufaka phakathi:
- ukuvikela izifo
- ukuvikelwa kwezinambuzane
- izihlahla.
Ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane zokuqala zesizini
Ama-currants ahlala ehlushwa yizilokazane ezinambuzelayo: umkhaza wezinso ngezinsikazi, ikesi le-ingilazi, ama-aphid nabanye. Izifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane, njengeqabunga i-anthracnose, nazo zidala izinkinga. Ngakho-ke, ngaphandle kokwelashwa, umlimi unethuba elincane lesivuno esihle.
Ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwentwasahlobo, ama-currants azothambekele ezifweni ezahlukahlukene, ngokwesibonelo, i-anthracnose
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngezindlela eziningana:
- ehlathini kuthululelwa esitsheni sokuchelela ngamanzi abilayo. Ukuchayeka esikhathini esifushane emanzini ashisayo akulimazi izinso zamagxolo nezokulala, kodwa kuqinisekisiwe ukubulala umkhaza ebusika kubo, kanye nenqwaba yesikhunta eziyingozi. Imibandela yokucubungula yinde futhi iyahlukahluka ngesifunda. Isibonelo, eBelarus lokhu kungenziwa phakathi nobusika, uma kungenazindawo ezihamba ngeqhwa ezimboze izihlahla, futhi e-Urals kungcono entwasahlobo - kuze kube yilapho isitshalo siqala ukuvuka kuze kube yilapho kuqala izimpawu zokuqala zokugeleza nokuvuvukala kwamahlamvu. Lesi sikhathi sichazwa kahle ngokuvela kwembaza eliluhlaza okotshani esihlahleni. Kukholelwa ukuthi ukushaqeka okuthe xaxa ngamanzi abilayo nako kukhulisa ukungatheleleki kwesitshalo;
- kwesinye isikhathi abalimi bangeza i-potanganum permanganate emanzini abilayo ukuthuthukisa umphumela ube umbala opinki omncane, isipuni sikasawoti noma i-50 g yensimbi noma i-sulfate yethusi nge-10 l lamanzi;
- uma ngasizathu simbe kwakungeke kwenzeke ukwelashwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kwenze ngasekupheleni kukaMashi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, ngaso sonke isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivuvukale ngokuphelele, nesixazululo esilandelayo: 500-700 g ye-urea (urea) no-50 g yethusi noma i-iron nge-10 wamalitha amanzi afudumele vitriol. Lokhu kuhlushwa okunamandla kakhulu kwe-urea, kepha kuthola kancane ngaphansi kwesihlahla futhi ngokuzayo kuzosebenza njengokugqoka kwe-nitrogen ephezulu;
- futhi usebenzise iresiphi enjalo yokuqeda umkhaza - isisombululo sesibabule se-colloidal, 10 g nge-10 wamalitha amanzi.
Ividiyo: ukunisela ama-currants ngamanzi abilayo
Ukuthena kwentwasahlobo
Izihlahla kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kube yilapho izinso zivuvukala ngokuphelele. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ngokwesibonelo, eBelarus, kungenzeka ukusika izihlahla kuyo yonke inkathi yokuphumula, ngoba akukho bungozi bokuqandeka indawo yokusika.
Ukusuka ekwelapheni ngamanzi abilayo, iqhwa liyancibilika esihlahleni se-currant - ungaqala ukuthenwa
Izihlahla zokuthena zeminyaka ehlukile zihlukile, kepha kunesimo esisodwa esijwayelekile. I-Currant inika amajikijolo amahle kakhulu ekukhuleni konyaka odlule. Azikwazi ukusikwa, ngaphandle kwalokho isivuno salo nyaka sinqunywe ngokoqobo. I-Currant ithela izithelo emagatsheni aneminyaka emithathu ubudala, nangaphezulu, kepha amajikijolo amakhulu kunabaneminyaka emibili, eqale ukukhula ngonyaka ophelile. Ukuzihlukanisa ngokubukeka kulula kakhulu - amagxolo akhanya kakhulu kunawamagatsha amadala.
Ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo kwenziwa minyaka yonke:
- Ngonyaka wokuqala, isihlahla esisanda kutshalwa sibunjiwe ngokuphelele, ukuze amahlumela acishe abe ngu-5 cm ahlala ngaphezu kwenhlabathi yomhlaba. Akunandaba ukuthi ihlathi selitshalwe nini (ama-currants atshalwa zombili ekwindla, phakathi no-Okthoba naphakathi nentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokugeleza kwesihlahla). Kepha izithombo zasekwindla zinesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande futhi entwasahlobo ziqala ukukhula ngokushesha. Izithombo zasentwasahlobo ekuqaleni ziyozilahla, kepha ekugcineni zidalulwe.
- Ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokuthena okulungile ngesikhathi sokutshala, kukhona ukukhula okusheshayo kwamahlumela amancane aqinile athela izithelo ngonyaka olandelayo. Kunokungaboni ngaso linye phakathi kwabalimi mayelana nokuthena unyaka wesibili. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi kulo nyaka akukho lutho okudinga ukusikwa. Abanye bathi kule minyaka, amagatsha asemathanjeni kufanele anqunywe esihlahleni ngesihlahla ukuze kukhule ukukhula kwamahlumela ezithelo amancane.
Ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala, amagatsha amakhulu asikwa phakathi
- Ngonyaka wesithathu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kwenziwa izinto ezijwayelekile zokuhlanzeka, ukwakha kanye nokunciphisa umzimba. Amagatsha akhula aphansi kakhulu, awela emhlabathini, futhi futhi obuthakathaka, ophukile futhi onesifo, ayasuswa.
- Kumabhishi aneminyaka emine ubudala nangaphezulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kwenziwa izihlahla ezinzima:
- Sika kusuka kukota kuya kwengxenye yesithathu yesihlahla esidala. Amagatsha afanayo angenasidingo asuswa njengakwonyaka wesithathu.
- Kumagatsha amadala athela izithelo, ahlukaniswe amahlumela amabili, elilodwa, elibuthakathaka, liyasuswa.
- Umsuka wempande usikiwe.
- Kususwe ngokuphelele, ngaphansi kwesiqu, ingxenye yamagatsha angaphakathi kwesihlahla, okokuqala ngqa, izihlahla ezinkulu, ezinamaqabunga amakhulu.
- Inani lamagatsha amakhulu alinqunyelwe, kungahle kube khona okuningana, okulingana ngokulingana ngosayizi. Ehlobo, isihlahla esinamahlamvu kufanele sikhanyiswe ngokwanele futhi singene umoya, kodwa akudingi ukuthi kuvezwe ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kuthenwa kwaminyaka yonke kuvuselela izihlahla ezindala futhi kwandise ukuqothuka kwe-currants okusebenzayo.
Ividiyo: izihlahla zasentwasahlobo
Ukuvikelwa kwesithwathwa
Izimbali ezingama-currant zizwela kakhulu kuneqhwa. Ngakho-ke, ekuphethweni okungasenyakatho kweRussia maphakathi (ikakhulukazi, e-Urals) akunconywa ukutshala izinhlobo eziqhakaza ekuqaleni kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho nezinhlobo ezigeleza sekwephuzile zingabhekana nokubuya kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, futhi iqhwa ngokuzumayo livele ezindaweni ezifudumele, kufaka phakathi i-Belarus. Kulokhu, udinga ukuthi ube nesembozo esingasindi esikhanyayo ongavala ngaso isihlahla esiqhakaza ngesikhathi seqhwa ngaphandle kokulimaza izimbali namaqabunga amadala. Lokhu okuqukethwe kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi kuzolondolozwa kusuka eqandeni kuze kufike ku-2 ° C.
Izimbali ezibomvu ezibomvu ziyasaba isithwathwa, ngakho-ke uma kwenzeka kuba nesithwathwa zidinga ukumbozwa ngezinto ezingalukiwe
Ukulima nokutshala
Uhlelo lwezimpande lwe-currant liseduze kakhulu nobuso, ngakho-ke ukukhulula kanye nokhula kwenziwa ngokucophelela, kuya ekujuleni okungadluli ku-1-3 cm. Entwasahlobo lokhu kwanele ukubhubhisa wonke ukhula, ngoba ngaleso sikhathi asathuthukiswa futhi abengenaso isikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngokujulile .
Ngemuva kokukhula ukhula nokhula, inhlabathi kumele imbozwe nge-mulch - ngeke ivumele umhlaba ukuba wome ukhiphe ukhula lokhula. Kepha awukwazi ukwenza lokhu kungekudala. Kuyadingeka ukulinda ukushisa ukuze imbewu eningi yokhula ivele futhi inhlabathi ifudumele ukukhula okuvamile kwama-currants. Ngaphansi kwe-mulch, inhlabathi izohlala inamanzi isikhathi eside kakhulu ebusika. Ngakho-ke, ukhula, ukutshala kanye nokufakwa emanzini mulching kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho umhlaba ufudumala kahle ufike ekujuleni futhi iningi lokhula lizokhula.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwama-currants entwasahlobo kungenziwa kuphela lapho umhlaba ufudumala kahle ekujuleni
Ezifundeni ezibandayo (ikakhulukazi, e-Urals), izimpande ezingaphezulu zama-currants zingahola ukuphuma. Kusebusika kahle ngaphansi kwesendlalelo seqhwa esiwile ngaphambi kwesithwathwa esinamandla. Njengoba izimo zezulu ezinje zingahlali zikhona, abalimi abaningi baphephisa izithombo zezihlahla ngaphansi kwesihlahla ekwindla. Uma isihlahla sibanda ngaphansi kwesigaxa semifino, entwasahlobo siyasuswa ngokushesha ukuze umhlaba ufudumale ngokushesha, bese kuthululelwa okusha, okuvele sekuvikelwa ukhula.
Isicelo somanyolo
Ama-currants afunwa ezintweni eziphilayo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa umquba obolile, i-humus noma umquba njengomanyolo.
Ama-currants asabela kahle kumanyolo we-organic
Ngaphezu kokugqoka okuphezulu ngesikhathi sokutshala, ama-currants ngalinye lasentwasahlobo anikezwa umanyolo we-nitrogen:
- i-carbamide (urea),
- i-ammonium nitrate,
- ammonium sulfate (ammonium sulfate).
Umanyolo wohlakazeka ebusweni ngaphambi kokususa ukhula ngesilinganiso se-15 g nge-1 sq. m
Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ezintweni zawo i-ammonium sulfate ingumanyolo we-acid, ungawuqinisa kakhulu umhlabathi uma kungenjalo ngasikhathi sinye, bese kuthi ngokuhamba kweminyaka, bese abahluzi bedinga inhlabathi ene-acid enamaphesenti ayi-6.5. Ngakho-ke, kungakuhle ukwengeza i-ammonium sulfate nge-lime kafulawa, ufulawa we-dolomite noma umlotha wezinkuni, oqeda i-acid.
Ukuhlaziya abalimi
Entwasahlobo, kuyaqabukela noma ngubani aphumelele ukusika ama-currants. Imvamisa uma usuvele ususengadini, kukhona izihlahla zokuvuvukala kuso. Sika ama-currants ekwindla sekwephuzile - ngo-Okthoba. Ngendlela, futhi kusuka kumagatsha otshaliwe wonyaka, izinto ezinhle zokutshala. Senza imbobo futhi sinamathele kuyo izingcezu ezi-5 zokusika konyaka eziwombeni. Ngonyaka olandelayo bayothela amagatsha amahle, futhi ngonyaka bathele izithelo.
Ninulia//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php?topic=6419.0
Kuyadingeka ukuthulula amanzi abilayo ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Bilisa ibhakede lamanzi. Thela kancane emgqonyeni wokuthambisa. Ngenkathi sithwala singena ezihlahleni, lapho amanzi asazoba cishe ama-80 degrees. Ukusuka ekuniseleni nge-strainer, sinisela izihlahla ezivela phezulu, ukuze amanzi afinyelele kuzo zonke amahlumela.
elsa30//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php/topic,6419.20.html?SESSID=no1qdvi8k4o4fhu1huj43igrc6
Ngonyaka wesibili ngithela amanzi abilayo phezu kwama-currants nama-gooseberries. Umphumela uyabonakala. Ngaphandle kwesihlahla, ngichitha umhlaba ngaphansi kwawo. Ukunisela kungahlala i-2-3 hhayi isihlahla esikhulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi nenkathi yesizini ngithela amanzi emthonjeni wokuchelela ngomquba oxoviwe ne-kefir - ilitha eli-1 nge-10 wamalitha amanzi.
UTiffany//www.tomat-pomidor.com/newforum/index.php/topic,6419.20.html?SESSID=no1qdvi8k4o4fhu1huj43igrc6
Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kubaluleke kakhulu kuma-currants, ngoba kungukuvimbela izinkinga eziningi zesihlahla. Kubalulekile ukwenza umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo ngendlela yesikhathi, kuphela lapho bezosetshenziswa.
