Indlela yokutshala nokukhula ukhukhamba izinhlobo "EMpumalanga Ekude 27"

Ikhukhamba ehlukahlukene "EMpumalanga Ekude 27" ineminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka, inendawo efanelekayo kule palette yezinhlobonhlobo zasekhaya. Abalimi bezizukulwane eziningana baye bawazisa izinga layo. Ake sihlolisise indlela yokuhlwanyela futhi sikhule ngayo lezi zihlukahlukene, ukuthola isivuno esihle.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

"EMpumalanga Ekude 27" - kakade sekudala, phakathi nonyaka. Ngama-1950 atholwa umzalisi waseSiberia uGamayunova E.A. epulazini lokuhlola eliseKhabarovsk Territory. Ngokusho irejista yombuso yeSoviet Union, kunconywa ukulima endaweni eMpumalanga Ekude nasezindaweni zase Far North (Primorye, Magadan, Kamchatka, esifundeni sase-Amur naseYakutia).

Uyazi? Ukhukhamba ukhula ngokushesha, kodwa noma yikuphi ukucindezeleka ngesikhathi sokukhula (ukungabi namanzi, inhlabathi empofu, ukupholisa okungazelelwe) kungenza izithelo zazo zibaba.

Izinzuzo zeBanga:

• imbewu eshibhile;
• ukunambitheka okukhulu;
• ukungathobeki kwezimo ezikhulayo.

Sincoma ukuthi sijwayelane nezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zekhukhamba ze-gherkin, kanye ne-boram, isiDashi, isiChina, ama-ukhukhamba angenawo impova.

Amazinga Okungabikho:

• inqwaba yezimbali zesilisa (imbali engenamanzi);
• amandla okugcoba izithelo.

Izithelo nezivuno

1. Ibanga liqala ukuhluma izinsuku ezingama-40-55 emva kokuvela kwamahlumela okuqala (phakathi nonyaka).
2. Isitshalo esinemivimbo emide, i-branched kahle, i-bee impova ehlukahlukene.
3. "EMpumalanga Ekude 27" - isitshalo esiphansi seqabunga, esenza kube lula ukuqoqwa kwamakhukhamba.
4. Izithelo ziyi-11-15 cm ubude, ezinama-tubercles amancane, ahlangene.
5. I-peel eluhlaza nge-strip white longitudinal kanye namapayipi amnyama akhona.
6. Kune-wax esikhumbeni.
7. Inyama yekhukhamba i-crispy, i-juicy futhi ihlwabusayo.
8. Umkhiqizo wezinhlobonhlobo ungamakhilogremu amathathu kuya kweyodwa emitha yemitha.
9. Izithelo isisindo - 100-200 amagremu.
10. Izinhlobonhlobo kukhona ukumelana nesomiso okumelana nokubandayo.
11. Unamandla okumelana nomoya we-powdery.

Izinhlobonhlobo ezidumile zonyaka we-cucumber zihlanganisa: "Ecole F1", "Claudia", "Libelle".

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Iyini i-good cucumber izithombo:

1. Bush kumele ilandelwe.
2. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamaqabunga lingama-7-10 cm.
3. Amaqabunga amakhulu, aluhlaza okwedlulele, ngaphandle kokulimala.
4. Isitshalo akumele sibe amaqabunga angaphezu kwama-4-5.
5. I-cucumber izimpande kufanele zithole amandla okungenani 0.5 l.
6. Ubudala bezinkamba zekhukhamba abukho ezinsukwini ezingama-30.

Uyazi? Amakhokhamakhi aqukethe amaningi amavithamini umuntu adinga nsuku zonke: i-vitamin B1, i-vitamin B2, i-vitamin B3, i-vitamin B5, i-vitamin B6, i-folic acid, i-vitamin C, i-calcium, i-iron, i-magnesium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, ne-zinc.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Ukhukhamba udinga inhlabathi efudumele, evundile nge-pH kusuka ku-6.0 kuya ku-6.8, nakuba ingahluma emhlabathini onamandla kakhulu (kusuka ku-pH kuya ku-7.6). Ukuze uthuthukise inhlabathi futhi usize ukudala indawo enhle yezimpande, okudingekayo ekuvuneni okukhulu, kubalulekile ukuletha umquba obolile engxenyeni enkulu yomhlabathi bese ubamba umbhede ngenzuzo yelondolo.

Kuzokusiza ukuba ufunde ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zenhlabathi ezikhona, indlela yokuthuthukisa inhlabathi yokuzala, indlela yokuzimela ngokuzimela ubuhle be-acid esakhiweni, nendlela yokukhipha inhlabathi.

Futhi ngamakhukhamba, ungalungisa umbhede kusengaphambili bese uwufaka ngomquba:

1. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusayithi lokutshala esikhathini esizayo ukhukhamba ususe ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi (20-30 cm).
2. Emgodini ophelile ubeka udoti wonyaka odlule kusuka ensimini (amaqabunga, izinti ezincane). Lolu ungqimba luzosebenza njengendlela yokucwenga izimpande zekhukhamba.
3. Isendlalelo sesibili (ngaphezulu kwemfucumfucu yemifino) yi-umquba wezinkomo. Faka ubukhulu obungqimba buka-10-20 cm.
4. Ingqimba yesithathu yindawo ebekiwe ngaphambilini ethathwe emseleni.
5. Ukhukhamba uthanda kakhulu imibhede enjalo "yesangweji" futhi izithelo ezinhle kakhulu.

Lokho abakuthandayo:

1. Ukhukhamba uthande ukufudumala, okunomanzi, okuxekethile, inhlabathi enomanyolo kanye nelanga (izindawo ezikhanyayo).
2. Imibhede kufanele ifakwe kahle.
3. Ukwengeza umquba emhlabathini kuyakusiza ukukhula ngokushesha ukhukhamba, futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamanyolo eziphilayo, njengomquba, kuzonikeza izakhi zezitshalo ngesikhathi sokukhula.
4. Ukhukhamba ungatshalwa emibhedeni ephakeme noma ejwayelekile.
5. Njengoba amakhukhamba ayisitshalo sokusika, athatha isikhala esiningi uma ekhula ngokudla.
6. Indlela elula kunazo zonke yokukhula ukhukhamba kwi trellis. Banekhathalela, kulula ukuvuna, ukhukhamba azihlangani nomhlabathi futhi angcolile.

Kubalulekile! Kuyinto engathandeki ukutshala ukhukhamba emva kokuqothulwa-ikhukhamba noma izitshalo zamathambo. Izifo zezifo kanye nobusika bezinambuzane zihlala emhlabathini emva kwesiko elihlobene.

Izimo ezikhulayo

1. Ukuba imifino ezishisayo, ukhukhamba uzizwa kahle uma isimo sezulu sesishisa (+20 - 28 ° C), futhi ukuchelela kuyanala (okungenani amalitha angu-5 ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye 2 izikhathi ngesonto). Ungabahambisa emanzini ase-basal (basal irrigation) noma uhlele ukuchelela uketshezi embhedeni wensimu. Kungcono, ngoba ngale ndlela inhlabathi iyohlale imanzi, kodwa inhlabathi engezansi ngeke isuswe. Akuvumelekile ukukhipha ukhukhamba ngokufafaza - lokhu kungabangela ukuqubuka kwezifo. Ukukhukhamba okugula kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukwelapha.
2. Ngokushesha lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya lihlalela ku-+10 ° C - ukhukhamba ezinomthelela ekukhuleni. Uma le sezulu ihlala amasonto amabili noma amathathu, amakhukhamba azogula bese efa.
3. Inhlabathi kufanele ibuye ifudumele, khona-ke isimiso sezimpande sihamba kahle futhi singene emhlabathini. Yingakho umdabu emazweni ashisayo ethanda imibhede, "ama-sandwich." Inqubo yokudiliza yenzeka enhlabathini egcwele izinto eziphilayo, okwandisa izinga lokushisa kwenhlabathi ngezinga elincane. Umhlabathi on embhedeni ikhukhamba awukwazi ukuhlanganiswa kuze kube yilapho iqhuma kahle, njengoba umelenzeki ungavumeli imisebe yelanga ukuba ingene emhlabathini. Ngokuvamile lesi sikhathi siqala ekuqaleni kukaJulayi.
4. Lezi zitshalo azivumeli neze ukuthunga nokubandayo, imimoya yasenyakatho. Ngakho-ke, umbhede wabo ungcono ukuhlela ohlangothini oluseningizimu eduze nodonga lwendlu noma eduze kocingo, okuzovikela ukufika emoyeni.

Uyazi? Umbusi uTiberius wayefuna ukuba ukhukhamba lunikezwe etafuleni lakhe unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwakusihlwa ngaphandle noma ebusika. Yilesi sidingo esakha isisekelo sokuvela nokuqalwa komqondo wemifino yasebusika kanye nokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo.

Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya

Izithombo zekhukhamba ezikhulayo zikuvumela ukuba uthole isivuno sokuqala, njengoba isitshalo sezitshalo ezitshalo asikwazi ukuhlwanyelwa emhlabathini kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi yokuqala kaMeyi. Futhi ngezinsuku ezingu-35-37 kuphela ungathola imikhiqizo yokuqala eluhlaza. Izithombo ezikhulayo endlini zivumela isikhathi: Izithombo zekhukhamba zitshalwe ezinsukwini ezingama-25-30, kanti amakhukhamba okuqala angatholakala emavikini angu-1-2.

Cishe uzoba nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi ungayifaka kanjani nokuthi ungayifaka kanjani imbewu yamakhukhamba ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Imbewu yekhukhamba ingahlwanyelwa kokubili eyomile futhi ilandelwe ukwelashwa kokuqala kokuqala:

1. Imbewu ifakwe emanzini afudumele ukuvuvukala nokuhluma.
2. Ukwenza lokhu, ipuleti eliphambene limbozwe ngamapapkins wephepha, ngobuningi bhisiwe ngamanzi kanti imbewu ibeke phezu kwayo.
3. I-plateau enezimbe ezinamanzi ihlanganiswe ukugoqa epulasitiki futhi ifakwe endaweni efudumele yosuku.
4. Ngolunye usuku, imbewu ikulungele ukuhlwanyela.

Esikhundleni samanzi sokugwedla, ungasebenzisa ukukhuthaza ukukhula ("Epin", "Emistim") noma i-biostimulants (i-aloe juice, amanzi aphukile, uju).

Kubalulekile! Uma ufaka imbewu, ama-water noma ama-stimulants ekukhuleni akufanele afake imbewu ngaphezu kwamamitha angu-1-2. Uma ungqimba lwamanzi lukhulu kakhulu, lungabangela imbewu "ukukhathazeka" ngaphandle oksijini. Izitshalo nazo zidinga oksijini ngokuphefumula.

Okuqukethwe nendawo

Ukuze imbewu ngayinye ikhukhamba udinga ukhethe indebe yokutshala ngayinye. Njengoba amakhukhamba enesimiso se-taproot - umthamo wokufika kufanele ube ojulile. Inketho eyamukelekayo kakhulu futhi engabizi iyinkomishi ezilahla i-plastic-liter litre.

Leli qoqo lizokwanela ikhukhamba elilodwa ngezinsuku ezingu-25-30 zokulima. Uma ukutshala kwekhukhamba emhlabathini kubambezelekile - lesi sitshalo sizoqala ukuguga emva kokukhula, njengoba ivolumu yesigamu-litre yezinsimu ngeke zanele.

Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde indlela yokutshala kahle ukutshala ukhukhamba wezithombo kanti nini yisikhathi esihle sokutshala ukhukhamba wezithombo.

Izitshalo zokutshala kufanele zibe nezimbobo ezansi ukukhipha amanzi angaphezulu ngemuva kokuchelela. Uma imigodi ingenziwa, uhlelo lwempande luyobola futhi ikhukhamba izofa kancane kancane. Izibambo ezingilazini zeplastiki zingenziwa nge-nail evuthayo emlilweni (izimbobo ezingu-2-3 ziyokwanela).

Inhlabathi enamandla emagalazini okutshala ayidluliselwa phezulu, kumele kube khona okungenani u-2 cm ekugcineni kweglasi. Lokhu kuzokwenza uketshezi kwezithombo kube lula futhi ushiye umlimi ukuba athulule imbewu enhlabathini. Amalazi ngamakhukhamba akhula kuwo kufanele eme emafasiteleni angeningizimu. Indawo enjalo izokhanya emini ngelanga, okubaluleke kakhulu kulomdabu ezindaweni ezishisayo.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu

1. Ukutshala izinkomishi ezigcwala inhlabathi ngosuku ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela (kanye kanye nokufaka imbewu) ziphuziswa ngokulinganisela.
2. Emva kosuku emhlabathini benza ukucindezeleka 2-3 cm ejulile, lapho imbewu ezimbili zitshalwe khona ibanga lamamitha amabili ukusuka komunye nomunye. Esikhathini esizayo, eyodwa (enamandla kunazo zonke) izithombo izokhethwa, kanti okwesibili kuzosuswa. Uma ususa imbewu eyengeziwe, iyakunqunywa ngokucophelela eduze komhlabathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibhidliza, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza uhlelo lwempukane yekhukhamba encane ekhula eduze kwayo.
3. Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ihlanganiswa nenhlabathi futhi ihlanganiswe.
4. Njengoba inhlabathi yayisetshenziswe kusengaphambili, ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ayiphuziswa.
5. Izindebe ezinezimbewu zifakwe emasakeni epulasitiki futhi ziboshwe, bese zifakwa endaweni efudumele ngaphambi kokuhluma.
6. Ngokushesha nje lapho amahlumela okuqala ebonakala - i-polyethylene ngokushesha ikhulule futhi ihlele kabusha ingilazi efasiteleni. Isikhwama sepulasitiki akudingeki sisuswe ngokuphelele ekomelweni lokutshala, lizovikela i-sill iwindi emanzini achithekile esitokisini sokutshala.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

1. Iilazi nama ukhukhamba ezikhulayo kuzo zifakwa efayilini elikhanyayo elisefasiteleni. Ngezinsuku ezishisayo kakhulu, izitshalo zimthunzi kusukela elangeni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ishidi lamaphephandaba elikhulu likhona phakathi kwesilazi kanye nezinkomishi ezinezithombo. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, amaqabunga ekhukhamba angathola ukushisa kwelanga.
2. Izinsuku ezintathu kuya kwezine emva kokuvela kwamahlumela ukhukhamba ziqala ukuqina. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kabili ngosuku, vula iwindi ngamaminithi angu-30.
3. Emasontweni amabili emva kokuvela kwezithombo, izithombo zikhishwa ukucima emgwaqweni noma emabhincini. Ngesikhathi sokuqala, ukuqina komgwaqo kuthatha amaminithi angu-30, usuku ngalunye isikhathi esichithwa emoyeni omusha sanda ngesigamu sehora. Ngemva kwesonto, amakhukhamba asemgwaqweni usuku lonke futhi alethwe egumbini kuphela ebusuku.
4. Uma ugxila emgwaqeni, indawo ekhishwe kancane ekhethiwe ngokubeka izinkomishi, azikwazi ukukhanya kwelanga.
5. Izithombo eziphelile zilungele ukudluliselwa (ukudluliselwa) endaweni yokuhlala yokuhlala unomphela.

Ukutshala izithombo phansi

Izithombo ezilungele ukutshala zitshalwe lapho inhlabathi ivuselela kahle futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lingapheli ngaphansi kuka -15 ° C.

Ungaqala ukufakelwa kabusha:

1. Ngombhede ngaphambilini owagubha futhi egcwele umquba ophilayo, izimbobo zenziwa lapho izithombo zizotshala khona.
2. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezimbobo kufanele libe okungenani 15-20 cm, ukujula nobubanzi bomgodi kufanele kube mkhulu kunomthamo nobubanzi bendebe yokutshala.
3. Imithombo ichithe kahle, okungenani amalitha amathathu amanzi awela emgodini ngamunye.
4. Ngemuva kwamanzi eminyeni yokutshala, umlimi wensimu ubeka izinkomishi zezithombo eduze kwemigodi.

Ikhukhamba ishintshwe ngendlela yokuguqulwa, njengoba kuyisitshalo esingenangqondo kakhulu, futhi uma ulimaza ngengozi impande ephakathi noma uchithe izimpande ezinhlangothini eziningana, kuyohlala isikhathi eside ekukhuleni.

Uyazi? Ukhukhamba unekhalori ephansi kakhulu - 16 kcal ngamagremu angu-100.

Imiyalelo yokufakelwa ikhukhamba:

1. Umlimi oyisivinini ubamba umuthi wesinkwa ngeminwe yakhe phansi futhi uphendulela ingilazi emhlabathini.
2. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, susa ngokucophelela indebe yepulasitiki emgodini webumba, ngemva kwalokho ikhukhamba ibeke ngokucophelela futhi ibekwe phakathi kwegodi kanye ne-clod engasaphazeki.
3. Ukubamba igumbi lobumba ngesandla esisodwa, umgadi wensimu ngolunye uhlangothi ubuthongo isikhala esisele emgodini ngenhlabathi.
4. Abalimi abanolwazi lapho begcwalisa umgodi wokutshala kumele benze i-basal encess encess. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuchelela.
5. Etshalwe emanzini omhlaba waphinda waphuza ngamanzi afudumele. Lokhu kuphuza kuyadingeka ukuze umhlaba uhlelwe ezimpandeni.
6. Izitshalo ezifakelwe izitshalo zivuliwe kusukela elangeni zisebenzisa i-agrofibre (spunbond) noma amagatsha omuthi anamathele emhlabathini eceleni kwesithombo ngasinye.
7. Kusukela ngoMeyi akekho ukushisa okhethekile, kubalulekile ukuphuza ukhukhamba njalo kwezinsuku ezimbili.
8. Lapho kuqala ukushisa, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwamakhukhamba iyaxilongwa, iphinde iphuze kaningi.

Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo zokulima imbewu emhlabathini ovulekile

Ukhukhamba kulula ukukhula ngokuhlwanyela ngqo embhedeni wensimu. Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezinempilo futhi ezinamandla, udinga ukunamathela emithethweni yokulima yalesi siko.

Izimo zangaphandle

Ukwanda kwamakhukhamba kungatholakala:

• emhlabathini ovulekile;
• endaweni yokushisa;
• khetha ukhetho oluhlangene bese uhlela okwesikhashana indawo yokuhlala yase-polyethylene phezu kombhede wensimu.

Ukhukhamba awuthandi ukufaka shading (ngisho nokukhetha), ngakho-ke izindawo zokutshala kufanele zikhanyiswe ilanga lonke usuku. Inhlabathi engadini kufanele ibe yinto evulekile futhi ivundile. Uma inhlabathi ingazange ifakwe isikhathi eside, kuyadingeka ukuba "ugcwalise" umhlaba ngezindaba eziphilayo. Kule nhlanzi efanelekayo yezinkomo, umquba wezinyoni, umquba. Uma engekho umanyolo ophilayo, usungeza umanyolo we-nitrogen noma u-saltpeter embhedeni wangadini ngaphambi kokumba. Amaminerali amaminerali athengisa ezitolo ezikhethekile zezitshalo, bese ukhetha umanyolo ofanelekayo wezitshalo.

Uma uhlwanyela ukhukhamba endaweni yokushisa noma ngaphansi kwezindawo zokungcebeleka zamafilimu - imbewu izohluma ngokushesha futhi izitshalo zizokhula ngaphambi kwalezo ezihlwanyelwe emhlabathini ovulekile. Kusukela ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, isivuno sizoqala ukugeleza etafuleni amasonto amabili ngaphambi kwalokho kusuka emhlabathini ovulekile.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Izitshalo zengwambu zitshalwe endaweni evulekile ngesonto noma ezimbili emva kokuphela kwesikhuni sehlobo lokugcina, ngesikhathi lapho inhlabathi ishushu.

Indlela yokutshala:

1. Embhede, i-longitudinal groove yenziwe (2-3 cm ejulile, ubude obungapheliyo).
2. I-groove igcwele ngokuphelele amanzi (phezulu).
3. Amanzi kufanele anikezwe isikhathi sokugoba.
4. Uma amanzi efaka emhlabathini, sekuyisikhathi sokutshala.
5. Imbewu yekhukhamba ihlelwe phansi ngaphansi komsele wokutshala nge-interval of 15-20 cm.
6. Ihlwanyela imbewu ehlanganiswe nenhlabathi, ngaphambili eyathathwa emgqeni wokutshala.
7. Umbhede ohlwanyelwe uhlanganiswe kancane (tamped) futhi uphuziswa kancane.
8. Uma ukuhlwanyela kwenzeka emgwaqweni, ikhava yefilimu yesikhashana ingakhiwa ngaphezu kombhede wensimu besebenzisa ama-arcs amaningana noma ama-plastiki namafilimu eplastiki. Ifilimu ephonswe kuma-arcs iqiniswa ngokufafaza emaphethelweni enhlabathini noma ukubeka izitini ezinzima emaphethelweni.

Ukunisela

Kwavela nje amahlumela amancane ekhukhamba adinga ukuphuza njalo. Umlimi wensimu kumele alawule umswakama womhlabathi futhi avimbele ukuba ungomile. Emasontweni amabili okuqala okuphila, izithombo zidinga ukuphuza nsuku zonke.

Uyazi? Ikhukhamba ingenye yemifino yokuqala yasekhaya. Abantu baqala ukukhula cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, kwakungasetshenziselwa ukupheka kuphela, kepha nakwezokwelapha.

Emva kwamaqabunga 3-4 eqiniso avela ezitshalweni ezincane, umhlabathi ngaphansi kwamakhukhamba kufanele uhlanganiswe. I-mulch esetshenziswa: utshani, i-peat powder, i-humus, emnyama nomhlophe noma i-agrofibre emnyama (i-spanbond). Izitshalo ze-mulch zidinga ukuchelela okuncane, njengoba i-mulch ivikela ukukhuphuka komswakama emhlabathini.

Funda indlela yokukhamba ukhukhamba ensimini kanye ne-greenhouse.

Esikhathini esizayo, wonke amakhukhamba ehlobo aphuziswa kabili noma kathathu ngesonto, kodwa kakhulu kakhulu (kuze kube ngukungcola ngaphansi kwe-mulch). Ukunisela kwenziwa ebusuku, emva kokushisa kosuku. Uma bekuyihlobo lehlobo ehlobo, kufanele udle kuphela lapho inhlabathi ensimini isomile.

Kubalulekile! Amanzi okuphuza ukhukhamba athatha kuphela ukuvikela nokushiswa yilanga. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi amakhukhamba anganisela ngamanzi abandayo kusukela ohlelweni lwamanzi. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuwohlokeni kwezimpande. Kanti akunakwenzeka ukuphuza amakakhukhamba eqabunga, kususa ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ze-fungal (powdery isikhutha).

Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula

Inhlabathi ngaphansi kwamakhukhamba kufanele ihlale ikhululekile futhi iphefumula.Kulokhu, kanye ngesonto, umbhede ukhululiwe ngokucophelela, ukuze ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande zezitshalo. Ukunweba kunomthelela ekwenzeni ukuthi imibhede yekhukhamba ihlale ihlanzekile kunokhula.

Ukhula kumbhede wekhukhamba alwamukeli, ngoba bangabathengisi bama-aphid nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi. Uma abanikazi abashisekayo besafaka umhlabathi nge-mulch noma i-agrofibre - lokhu kulala akudingi ukukhula futhi kukhululeke. Umhlabathi ngaphansi komquba uhlale ukhululekile futhi umanzi, futhi umqubhezi uvimbela ukubukeka kokhula embhede wensimu.

Masking

Abanye balimi bathi kungenzeka sikhule ukhukhamba ngaphandle kokugxila nokubunjwa. Ngempela, kuphela kuleli cala umlimi wensimu ulahlekelwa isigamu sesitshalo, ngoba izimbali eziningi ezingenalutho nezithelo ezimbalwa zakha isitshalo esinamandla kakhulu. Zonke izakhi zisetshenziselwa ukwakha amahlumela engeziwe, kanti lesi sitshalo asinamandla okukhula isivuno esikhulu.

Hlola amathiphu amahle kakhulu ekukhethweni kwekhukhamba.

Ukwenziwa kwekhukhamba:

1. Amathanga amathathu noma amane angaphansi kwesitshalo esikhulu sekhukhamba asuswe ngokuphelele, aqede phansi.
2. Kuzo zonke izinyathelo, ezitholakala ngenhla, ama-internodes amabili asele, lapho ukhukhamba ezokhula khona.
3. Ukubunjwa okunjalo kusetshenziselwa phezulu kwesitshalo futhi kukuvumela ukuba uqoqe isivuno esikhulu kunazo zonke.

Ibhande le-Garter

Ukhukhamba akuthandi ukuthinta inhlabathi - lokhu kunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezifo ze-fungal. Ngakho-ke, indlela efanele kakhulu yalesi siko ikhula ku-trellis futhi isekela. Kukhona umbono oyiphutha wokuthi utshalwe eduze kwesekelo, ikhukhamba izoqala ukukhuphuka kuyo.

Lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele - i-cucumber lash kufanele ithunyelwe njalo futhi iboshwe:

1. Ungakwazi ukubopha izitshalo ngesitshalo esikhethekile sokutshala izimbali noma umane uhlangane ne-trellis ngezingcezu ze-twine elithambile.
2. Ekulweni kokushisa okushisa, i-garter yesitshalo kwi-twine ngayinye, ehleliwe ngokuqondile, iyavamile. Inqubo yokutshala izitshalo zezitshalo ezitshalayo zivele zizungeze okunamathiselwe ngentambo yekhukhamba.

Uyazi? Njengamanje, i-China ngumkhiqizi omkhulu kunazo zonke wamakhukhamba, okhiqiza amakhokithi angaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu kwekhukhamba emhlabeni. Isisindo esiphelele sezinhlobo zeChina ezikhulile ngonyaka unamathani ayizigidi ezingu-55.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ikhukhamba idinga ukondla njalo, njengoba ikhula ngokushesha futhi ikhulise amaqabunga ayo.

Kumele okungenani kube nokuthengiswa okuthathu:

• ukugqoka kuqala (urea 1 isipuni, superphosphate 60 amagremu ngalinye 10 amalitha amanzi) - esigabeni samaqabunga amabili noma amathathu;
• okwesibili (i-potashi 20 amagremu kanye ne-ammonium nitrate ama-gramu angu-30, umlotha okhuni - 1 indebe ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi) - inyanga eyodwa emva kokuqala kwezimbali;
• okwesithathu (ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-organic organic) yisikhathi se-fruiting esebenzayo.

Ukulungiselela umquba omanzi ophilayo, le nqubo yenziwa emgwaqweni (ngaphandle):

1. Thatha isigamu ibhakede le-mullein noma i-droppings yezinyoni, emva kwalokho ibhakede ligcwele phezulu ngamanzi.
2. Okuqukethwe ibhakede kahle kuxutshwe ngenduku yokhuni futhi igcwele isembozo noma isikhwama seplastiki.
3. Isitsha esine-mullein esetshenziselwa uketshezi sidalwe endaweni ekhanyisiwe yokuvutshelwa kwezinsuku ezingu-7-10.
4. Umphumela uba umanyolo okhululekile.
5. Ukuze uthole isisombululo sokusebenza somsoco wokudla ukhukhamba, yenza isisombululo sama-aqueous (amalitha angu-10 wamanzi + isigamu segesi lesitha lokugxila).
6. Ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlanzwa ngamanzi, umanyolo uchitheka empandeni yesitshalo. Isixazululo asikwazi ukuma isikhathi eside, njengoba lokhu kuqhuma i-nitrogen.
7. Ukuze kube lula ukugqoka izimpande, i-groove engajulile yenziwa embhedeni ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo.

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

Idonsa likaMealy. Kuboniswe ngesibhakabhaka esimhlophe emaqabunga kanye neziqu. Lesi sitshalo siyeka ukukhula, ukuyeka ukhula, noma ukuthela izithelo ezinomuthi omnandi, izithelo ezimbi. Ngokushesha amaqabunga amile futhi ikhukhamba ifa. Lesi sifo sithinta kokubili ukhukhamba okushisa kanye nalabo abakhulile ensimini.

Ukulwa nomkhuhlane we-powdery kumakhukhamba, amafungicides afana ne-Topaz, Fundazol, Tiovit, Skor, Kvadris, Topsin asetshenzisiwe.

Isimo sezulu esibangele ekuthuthukiseni isikhutha se-powdery - ukushintshashintsha okubukhali kokushisa kusuka ekushiseni kuya kubanda futhi kusukela kwesomiso kuya emvula. Njengeprophylaxis, ukwelashwa nge-fungicides ("Topsin-M" noma "Byleton") isetshenziswa. Ngezibonakaliso zokuqala zesifo, i-fungicides nayo iphonswa emibhedeni. I-Downy isikhutha Kubonakala eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Agasti, iyakwazi ukubhubhisa ngokuphelele izindawo zokukhukhamba ngesonto. Kuboniswe ngezinhlobo zamafutha aluhlaza emaqabunga. Kancane kancane, amachashazi ayakhamba kuwo wonke ushidi, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kule ndawo ishidi limile ukuze libomvu.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, leli qabunga liyoma ngokuphelele futhi lifake. Kuyinto isifo fungal, spores of the fungus overwinter emhlabathini kanye plant imfucumfucu. Ama-spores aqala ukukhula lapho ephuza ukhukhamba ngamanzi abandayo ngaphansi komsuka noma eqabini.

Sincoma ukufunda mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nezinambuzane nezifo zamakhukhamba.

Uma umgadi wensimu ephawula izibonakaliso zokuqala ze-downy mildew, udinga ukumisa okwesikhashana nokugqoka phezulu (izinsuku ezingu-7-10). Ukwelashwa ngekhambi le-oxychloride kuyadingeka. Njengomkhiqizo wezakhi zokwelapha, ungasebenzisa amasondo bese uwafafaza kuleli qabunga.

Lesi sifo sizokhula ngokushesha uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi + 20 ° C- + 25 ° C. Ukhukhamba okhula emgwaqweni (ensimini) - kuyinto efiselekayo ukuphonsa i-agrofibre noma i-spunbond yokugcizelela. Ekubeni, umhlabathi onombhede osulelekile kumele uthululwe kakhulu ngesisombululo se-sulphate yethusi, kanye nezinsalela zezitshalo ezishisiwe (ukuqhuma namaqabunga).

Umsuka wokubola. Lesi sifo siqala ngokuthambisa okunzima nokushisa kwezulu. Kungenzeka ukunquma lesi sifo ngokuthi amabala asundu avela esiteshini esiseduze nezimpande, ehlangene nenye ngokuthuthukiswa kwesifo. Ikhukhamba elivuthiwe i-cucumber ifa.

Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo kombhede wonke, isitshalo esibulalayo sigubha kanye nezimpande zawo, sithathwe engadini bese sishiswa. Ukuhlala ngemuva kokumba umgodi kuthululwa phezu kwe-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinyathelo zokuvimbela - ungamanzi amakhukhamba uma izinga lokushisa lomoya linciphisa ngezansi +15 ° C. Ikhukhamba umdwebo. Lesi yisifo esithathelwanayo, umthombo wokutheleleka yizifo ezigulayo noma ukhula olukhula eduze komdwebo. Emapulangwe amaqabunga avela izindawo ezincane eziluhlaza ezahlukahlukene. Ishidi licindezelwa, liboshwe.

Akusizi ngalutho ukwelapha umdwebo we-cucumber onesifo, ususwe engadini bese ushiswa. Amathuluzi okufakelwa ngayo isitshalo esifanelekile kufanele aphethwe yi-disinfected ngekhambi le-bleach.

Uyazi? Ukuze ugweme ikhanda le-hangover ekuseni emva kweqembu elijabulisayo, udinga ukudla amatheksi ambalwa ekhukhamba ngaphambi kokulala. Ukhukhamba uqukethe ushukela okwanele, ama-vithamini B kanye ne-electrolytes ukugcwalisa izakhi ezilahlekile ezilahlekelwa ngumzimba ekulwa nokudakwa utshwala.

Aphid Iphonsa phansi ngaphansi kwekhasi leqabunga. Ihlala emakoloni amakhulu, ubukhulu bomuntu oyedwa 1.5-2 mm, umbala womzimba ungaba luhlaza okomnyama noma omnyama. I-disest is a-esiphuza amaqabunga, ubukhona bayo buvimbela isitshalo, kubangele ukuphikisana kwamaqabunga kanye nokungabikho kwekhukhamba ama-ovaries.

Ukusungulwa kwamakhokhamba ngama-aphid kuholela ekufeni kwakhe. Izitha zemvelo zama-aphid ziyi-ladybugs. Lezi zimfene ezikhazimulayo zikhangwa yi-phytoncides, ezithumela izambulela ze-dill noma imbewu yesinaphi, ngakho-ke i-fennel ihlwanyelwa eduze kombhede wamakhukhamba.

Ukuxosha ama-aphid, amakhokhamba kufanele ahlungwe ngophuzo oludakayo (ufulawa oluncane ngamalitha angu-5 amanzi ashisayo, ukukhishwa kwansuku zonke) noma ukhiphe u-garlic (ama-gramu angu-50 wegaliki yamaminerali ngamalitha ayishumi amanzi afudumele, ushiye usuku). Isibungu se-spider Inambuzane encane kunazo zonke ezinambuza amaqabunga isakazeka masinyane ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ukuba khona kwayo kubonakala ngokuphuza kwamaqabunga kanye newebhu le-thinnest ngeziqu. Ukuhlelwa kwamakhukhamba ngezinambuzane zesicabucabu kuholela ekufeni kwabo.

Ukwelashwa kwama-insecticide kusiza ngokumelene nalesi sifo. Bangathengwa ezitolo zokulima. Kanti futhi isicabucabu singashiya izitshalo eziphathwe nge-infusions zezitshalo (nge-yarrow, i-celandine, izimbali kanye nama-dandelion stalks, i-sorrel yamahhashi).

Ngakho-ke, izibungu zesicabucabu ziyadlula emhlabathini, njengesisindo sokuvimbela, ukumba kwasebusika kwendawo enesifo kuqhutshwa, okuyinto eholela ekukhunjweni okulandelayo kwenkathazo. Gallic nematode. Izimpethu ezincane (1-1,5 mm), zithatha uhlelo lwempande lwesitshalo futhi kancane kancane zingena ezifwini zalo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza okubalulekile, i-gallic nematode ikhipha izinto ezinobuthi ezivimbela izitshalo.

Ukuba khona kwezinambuzane kunqunywa ukuthi amakhukhamba amisa ukukhula, isivuno sabo sinciphisa. Ezitshalweni ezithintekayo yizinambuzane, ukukhula okubi nokuvuvukala kungabonakala - imithi ye-gall ne-developments ngaphansi kwayo.

Ukuze uphulukise inhlabathi egciwane lesandulela-ngculaza - inhlabathi emibhedeni yomgwaqo iyagubha ngaphambi kokubanda ubusika, ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo umhlaba uchithe ngamanzi abilayo. Kukhona indlela eyodwa ephumelelayo kakhulu futhi elula yokuhlanza inhlabathi emantwini ye-gallon: indawo yonke iphiliswe kahle noma ihlwanyelwe ngama-marigolds. Izimpande zama-marigolds enqubo yezimila ziphuma emhlabathini, kanti i-nematode ayibekezelelani. Ngonyaka olandelayo, emva kokufika kwama-marigolds, inhlabathi ngeke ikhululeke ngokuphelele kwi-nematodes.

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Indlela yokuqoqa izithelo:

1. Ukhukhamba kuyisitshalo esikhula ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukuqoqa izithelo kufanele kwenziwe nsuku zonke, futhi kungcono kabili ngosuku (ekuseni nakusihlwa).
2. Amakhukhamba amancane anesikhumba esibucayi kakhulu, ngakho-ke uma kuvuna kufanele afakwe ebhakedeni lepulasitiki noma ibhasi ngezindonga ezibushelelezi ukuze angalimazi.
3. Amakhukhamba akufanele avunyelwe ukuphuma, njengoba elahlekelwa ukunambitheka kwawo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo avimbele isitshalo. Ikhukhamba elilodwa elingakhethiwe lingaphazamisa ukuhluma kwesibhamu sonke somuntu omdala.

Uyazi? Ukhukhamba zakhula emkhathini. Ososayensi abagibela i-International Space Station babekhuphula ukhukhamba ukuze bazame ukubona ukuthi yini enye ethonya ukukhula okuphansi kwezimpande - amandla adonsela phansi (i-gravitropism) noma amanzi (i-hydrotropism). Kuvela ukuthi amanzi.

Funda kabanzi mayelana nokugcina ukhukhamba okusha ebusika.

Indlela yokugcina:

1. Ikhukhamba elifakwe emanzini okuphuza ngokushesha liyabulala ezindaweni lapho isikhumba sonakalisiwe, ngakho ukhukhamba okonakalisiwe ayikwazi ukugcinwa; kuhle ukuwadla kuqala.
2. Uma umsikazi ozogqoka noma alondoloze izithelo eziqoqiwe, kuze kube yilapho bekwazi ukugcinwa endaweni epholile (esitezi, emgodini ophansi noma eshalofini elingezansi lesiqandisisi), kodwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezintathu. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, ikhukhamba ilahlekelwa yi-turgor yayo, iba yindlebe futhi ilula.
3. Uma kufanele kugcine ukhukhamba isikhathi esithile, akufanele nanini bahlanzwe, ngoba lokhu kuzokwenza izithelo zibole.
4. Ukhukhamba olutshelwa ukudla lungagcinwa esiqandisini ngesonto, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ukunambitheka kwabo kuzoba yizinsuku zonke. Sika ikhukhamba futhi ingagcinwa esiqandisini izinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukwenza lokhu, uhlanganiswe ukugoqa epulasitiki (ukuvimbela ukuma).

Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka

I-pustad ngamakhukhamba. Uma izikhumba zekhukhamba zimbozwa ngezimbali, kodwa azikho izithelo, okuthile okuphazamisa impova. Okokuqala kudingeka uqiniseke ukuthi lesi sitshalo sinezimbali zesilisa nabesifazane. Izimbali zesilisa zivame ukuvela ekuqaleni kwenkathi ekhulayo, futhi kamuva ziba zincane.

Thola ukuthi kunesidingo yini ukubhekana nezimbali ezingenalutho kumakhukhamba.

Kungakapheli isonto noma ezimbili kuzoba nezimbali zesifazane, kulesi sitshalo ngasinye kukhona ukuqina ngendlela yekhukhamba encane. Esikhathini esizayo, lokhu kuqina kuyoba ikhukhamba elidala. Uma izimbali zezinsikazi zingaqhubeki, futhi uma ziqhakaza, ziyoma, khona-ke kuzodingeka wenze impova ngesandla. Kulula. I-Handlining Hand:

1. Ekuseni ekuseni, (ngo-7 kuya ku-8 ntambama), umgadi wensimu uya ensimini, uthatha imbali yesilisa futhi, ngaphandle kokuthinta i-pistil, usika kahle amacembe kuwo.
2. Ubamba i-pistil yembali yesilisa phakathi kwezimbali zesifazane. Lapho impova evela embali yesilisa iwela emthonjeni wembalikazikazi - impova iyabonakala, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izithelo ziboshwe.
3. Ngesonto, amakhukhamba azobe e-trellis kumaqoqo.

Amaqabunga aphuzi. Uma amaqabunga aphansi (1-2) ephenduka aphuzi - lokhu kuyindlela ejwayelekile, njengoba amaqabunga aphansi ekhula, ilanga alitholanga kahle - futhi ngenxa yalokho liwa. Uma amaqabunga aphuzi avela kuwo wonke umuthi, lokhu kuyisignali ukuthi lesi sitshalo asinakho izakhi.

Kudingekile ukuwondla ngamanyolo ekhethekile amaminerali for izitshalo ithanga noma umanyolo ophilayo, iresiphi okunikezwa ngenhla. Ngomzamo omncane nokuzikhandla, ngisho nomlimi ongenalwazi uzokwazi ukukhula isivuno esikhulu samaCucumber Far East 27 ngosizo lwamacebiso angenhla kanye nezincomo.