Okuhamba phambili phakathi kwama-apula aluhlaza - ibanga Renet Simirenko

Lapho ukhetha i-apula, abalimi bavame ukukhetha izinhlobo ezihlolwe isikhathi. Ama-apula amaningi kaRennet Simirenko awakuthandayo athokoza kakhulu.

Ukuvunwa okuhle, iwayini elimnandi-ukunambitheka okumnandi kwezithelo kanye nesimiso esilungisiwe sokunakekelwa komuthi kubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu.

Uhlobo luni?

Izinhlobonhlobo "Simirenko" zivela e-apple yasekhaya (Malus domestica) kanye ibhekisela eqenjini le-varietal "Renet". Ukutholakala ngokwemvelo, leli banga selibusika sekwephuzile. Ochwepheshe kufanele bacabange ngokuthi "Renet Simirenko" izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zokudla nezakhiwo ze-agrotechnical phakathi kwe-apula izihlahla ezinezikhumba eziluhlaza zezithelo.

Ama-apula "Simirenko" abhekisela ebusika agcinwe kuze kube ngoJuni noma ngisho nangenyanga kaSeptemba lapho ekhulile emasimini ane-zaluzheniem (izimila ezinotshani obuhlaza).

Ngezihlobo zasebusika nazo zingabase-Youth, Orlovskoe Polesie, Berkutovsky, Bratchud noVityaz.

Ukuvota

Ukuba yizinhlobonhlobo ezingenasithelo, "uRenet Simirenko" udinga ukusondelana kakhulu nama-apula wokuvuthwa kwe-aple ezinhlobonhlobo "Aydared", "Memory Sergeyev", "Korey", "Kuban spur" noma "Golden Delicious".

Isihlahla se-Apple "Simirenko" ngokuzikhethela ngokwengxenye yempova, sibopha ngesikhathi esifanayo mayelana no-11% wazo zonke izithelo.

Incazelo ezihlukahlukene Renet Simirenko

Izinhlobo zemithi "Simirenko" zikhula kakhulu, ubude, ngaphezu kwesayizi ejwayelekile kanye nomqhele ohlukile owenziwe kahle.

Injabulo ye-Autumn, Shtriel, April, Bogatyr no-Aromatny nayo ihlukaniswa nobude bayo.

Emagatsheni amnyama amnyama ane-tinge eluhlaza noma obomvu kukhona amaqabunga aphikisiwe anemibala ekhanyayo ekhanyayo emaphethelweni ahlangene, enza umqhele ohlangene.

Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali ezimhlophe zobukhulu obuphakathi kwale apula kunalokho sekuphelile, futhi isivuno senzeka phakathi nekwindla. Ukuxuba okuxubile, okungukuthi, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zezithelo, njenge-lance, kolchatki nezithelo zezithelo.

Uma usika izihlahla, qaphela ukuthi ungasusi amagatsha ngezithelo zezithelo. Uma kungenjalo, ivolumu yokuvuna esizayo iyohliswa kakhulu.

Ama-apula "Renet Simirenko" aveza ukukhanya okukhanyayo noma umbala obala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka emagqumeni amhlophe namabala aqhakazile ebusweni, ehlobo olusenyakatho, oluthinteka ngokuhlunga okuncane. Futhi ngenxa yemvelo, kungokwemvelo ukuba ne-warts encane esikhumbeni esingangama-7 mm ngobukhulu futhi ngokuvamile izicucu ezingu-2-3 izithelo ngasinye - lokhu kuyisibonakaliso esikhethekile sezinhlobonhlobo.

Izithelo ze-apula zibambelele emagatsheni isikhathi eside, zilindele isivuno.

Ubukhulu bama-apula buphakathi noma bukhulu, bunzima kufika ku-200 gfuthi ukuma kuyahluka kusuka nxazonke-conical kuya nxazonke flat. Ubuso bezithelo bubushelelezi futhi ngisho, kanye ne-asymmetric. Ama-apula anempepho kakhulu "uSimirenko" anomunambitheka obunambitheka omuncu nge-tinge ebabayo.

Odokotela bakhuthaza ngokukhethekile lokhu okuhlukahlukene, okungenayo i-anthocyanins, kubantu abanezinkinga zemithi kanye nokudla okunomsoco.

Umlando wokuzala

"U-Renet Simirenko" wasakazeka, wabonakala kuqala ePlatinic Farm esifundeni saseCherkasy e-Ukraine. Umnikazi wensimu, u-L. P. Simirenko, wathola ngengozi lokhu kuhlukahluka futhi waxaka kakhulu.

Akukacaci ukuthi ngabe lesi sihlahla sakhula yini enzalweni engaziwa noma sasiyizinhlobo ezindala ezikhohliwe. Esikhathini esizayo, "Simirenko" ihlakulele ngokugcwele futhi isakazeke emhlabeni jikelele.

Isifunda sokusabalalisa

Izinhlobonhlobo zama-apula U-Renet Simirenko unconywa ukulima eningizimu yeRussia, emgqeni weCentral Black Earth, eKuban nase-Ukraine. I-Apple Renet Simirenko ikhula kahle futhi iveza izithelo ezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini noma emahlathini, lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele nesinezakhi zomhlabathi kudala zonke izimo zalokhu.

Eyingxenyeni esemaphakathi neRussia, umlimi wezandla angabhekana nobunzima - lokhu kuhlukahluka akufani nokuqina kwesibusika futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuyashisa ngisho naseningizimu. Indawo yokufudumala nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela kuyosiza ukuxazulula le nkinga.

Uma udinga izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zasebusika, qaphela uVeteran, Ubusika Busika, i-Moscow Late, i-Orlovskoye Polesye

Ukuthela

"Simirenko" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuqala. Isihlahla sokuvuna sokuqala sinikeza ngonyaka wesithupha kuphela wokuphila. Uma usebenzisa isitokwe esifushane sokuxhunyelelwa, ungalinda isivuno sonyaka wesine. Izihlahla ezincane zithela izithelo ngonyaka, nabantu abadala - kancane noma eminyakeni emibili.

Okokuqala, umuthi ngamunye we-apula uletha u-12-15 kg wezithelo, futhi uneminyaka eyi-10 - cishe ngo-100 kg ngonyaka. Njengomthetho, isitshalo sisuswa ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Izithelo ezinhle ziboniswa yizinhlobo ezilandelayo: Bryansk, Orlov, Marina, Antonovka kanye ne-Aport.

Ukutshala nokunakekelwa

Ukutshala i-apula kunconywa ekwindla ngenkathi kusekhona inyanga yonke ngaphambi kweqhwa. (ngo-September 20 kuya ku-Okthoba 15), noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo (eminyakeni eyishumi edlule ka-Ephreli).

Uma umlimi engadini ephuzile ekwindla ngokutshala kuze kube ngu-Okthoba 20, kungcono ukuba umuthi we-prikopat apula emhlabathini, kanti entwasahlobo ukutshala. Engadini esakhiweni, iphethini elungile lokufika lilandelayo: 0.8-1 m nge 2.5 m.

Ukuze uhlume kahle i-apple ye-Renet Simirenko, kubalulekile ukunamathela kuhlelo olulandelayo:

1. Simba umgodi (okungenani izinsuku ezingu-7 ngaphambi kokutshala), okungama-60 cm ejulile no-1 m ububanzi. Ingqimba ephezulu egcwele yomhlaba iyasiza ukugcwalisa umgodi - siwufake eceleni kolunye uhlangothi.
2. Ngaphambi kwesikhathi lungiselela isikhonkwane sokusekelwa kwesihlahla. Sishisa ukuphela kwayo okuphansi ukuze isikhonkwane sokhuni singabhubhi.
3. Silungisa inhlabathi. Umhlabathi we-Clay nge-add of sand sand and peat yiyona ndlela engcono kakhulu. Kodwa uma kusetshenziswe inhlabathi enhlabathini, sethula ama-humus noma siwafaka kuwo.
4. Khipha phansi emgodini ngefosholo bese ugcwalisa ngenhlabathi eyayibekwa ngaphambilini futhi igcwele ama-humus - ungqimba olungaba ngu-20 cm obukhulu.
5. Uma ufisa ukufaka umquba - 1 noma 2 amabhakede enkuni nomquba.
6. Ulale isikhala esisele somgodi yindawo evundile noma inhlabathi ekhethekile. Kumele kube nesigungqimba esiphakeme ngamasentimitha angu-20.

Ukunakwa - uma singanaki ukugcwaliswa okulungile komgodi, kuzodingeka sishintshe isithombo sembewu esibi futhi sigweme ukuphepha kwayo.

1. Siqhuba isikhonkwane phakathi nendawo ye-knoll.
2. Umsizi uthatha isithombo phezu komgodi, izimpande zomuthi ziqondiswe ngokuma kwe-hill.
3. Silala izimpande phezulu kwezwe elivundile futhi sibheka kancane. Intamo yentambo (indawo lapho i-trunk ingena khona ohlelweni lwempande) kufanele ibekwe ngenhla. Uma lijuliwe, isithungwane sizofa.
4. Nisela umuthi - amabhakede amathathu noma amane ama-10 amalitha ngamunye.
5. Sifaka umhlaba ngokuzungeze isiqu nge-sawdust.
6. Sibopha isithombo esikhwameni nge-knot-figure eight.
7. Esikhathini esizayo, kufanele ulandele ngokucophelela yonke imithetho yokunakekela izihlahla ze-apula.

1. Ukunisela. Kudingeka ukuphuza njalo umuthi wama-apula ongenamakhawulo, ukuvimbela umhlaba ukuthi ungabe usomile-izikhathi ezingaba ngu-3 ngesikhathi ngasinye, ama-3-5 amabhakede ngomuthi ngamunye. Ukuntuleka komswakama kuzothinta ukukhula kwamahlumela, ngakho-ke, isivuno esizayo.
   

   Kusukela ekupheleni kukaJulayi, ukuchelela ukuma ukuze umuthi we-apula ulungiselele ubusika. Izimiso zenani lamabhakede wezihlahla ezithela izithelo zifanayo, kepha ukuchelela kufanele kwenziwe ngezinyathelo ezilandelayo: ngesikhathi sokukhazimula, ngaphambi kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari ngoJuni, ama-2 noma amaviki amathathu ngaphambi kokuba ama-apula avuthiwe ngokuphelele. Uma kwenzeka ukutholakala okusheshayo kwamazinga okunisela amanzi angaphansi komhlaba kulungiswa.

2. Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo, i-apula iyondliwa nge-nitrogen fertilizer. Ekwindla kudingekile ukuba uqule izihlahla ngomquba nobuncane obunamaminerali.
   

   Ukondla i-apula ngesihlahla se-ammonium nitrate kumele kube yindlela engavamile. Ama-phosphate fertilizer asetshenziselwa ama-grooves angama-30 cm ejulile nxazonke.

3. Ukudubula. Emithini e-apple encane, amahlumela kuphela angaphansi kuka-60 cm ubude kufanele anqunywe. Lokhu kuzovumela ukugcina ukukhula konyaka owodwa, lapho izithelo eziningi ziboshwe khona.

Umqhele omningi namagatsha aqhwayo ngesikhathi sasebusika kudinga ukuncibilika okuvamile nokufika ngesikhathi.

4. Ebusika. I-Apple "Simirenko" ivame ukukhuthazelela isomiso nokushisa, ayihlushwa imimoya eqinile futhi ayichitheli izithelo. Kodwa-ke, akathandi ukushisa ebusika, akabekezeli amaqhwa, okonakalisa ama-shtamb namagatsha ngisho naseningizimu.
   

   Ngakho-ke, umuthi udinga ukufihla izimpande kanye nombuthano we-mulching pristvolnogo ekwindla. I-Mulch izokhonza i-peat, umquba noma ama-humus. Ngenxa yokukhula okusheshayo kwamahlumela, isihlalo sobukhosi esithinteka yizibanda sithola ngokushesha.
   

   Futhi, izihlahla ezincane zinesidingo sokuhlanganisa iziqu.. Njengoba uneminyaka yobudala, i-crust iyaqina futhi izinhlamvu ngeke zisabe ukwesaba. Enye indlela enhle yokuvikela ubhu ukugcoba i-lime noma u-choki.

Izifo nezinambuzane

Ngeshwa, i-apula isihlahla "Simirenko" sitholakale ku-powdery isikhutha nesikhumba.

Ukuvimbela lezi zifo kuyinkimbinkimbi evamile futhi efanelekile yomqhele.

Ngokuvamile isihlahla se-apula esihlotshaniswa namahlamvu omnyaka odlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma amaqabunga amancane egula, kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukugcina umuthi.

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga, kubalulekile ukushisa wonke amaqabunga endala, izithelo ezimisiwe kanye namagatsha awa ngonyaka odlule.

Uma i-apple Simirenko isagula, akufanele usebenzise ngokushesha i-Bordeaux liquid. Iphikisana kahle nesifo, kodwa ivimbela ukukhula kwamaqabunga amasha. Kungcono ukusebenzisa enye yezidakamizwa ezilandelayo: I-Polycarbacin (40 g), i-Acrobat M (25 g), i-Euparine (10-15 g) noma i-Didan M (25 g).

Umkhiqizo uhlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi futhi usebenzise njalo amasonto amabili. Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, izidakamizwa zihlukile. I-Euparen iphinde ihlukane ne-powdery isikhutha - ukucubungula kwenziwa ngendlela efanayo.

Uma ihlobo lishisa futhi limile, ochwepheshe batusa ukuphatha lesi sihlahla ngenye yamathuluzi abhalwe ngaphezulu kwamasonto amabili ngaphambi kokukhetha ama-apula. Uma kungenjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi izithelo zizosulelwa igciwane futhi zibole ngesikhathi sokugcina. Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngokucophelela, futhi ukunakwa okukhethekile kubhalwa ngaphansi kweqabunga lamaqabunga kanye nama-apula.

Izimenywa ezivame izitshalo ezivuthiwe ziyizinambuzane ezinobungozi ezinjengezithelo ze-sapwood, ama-silkworms, amabhu okumba izimayini, amabhu kanye nama-haws.

Ukuze uvikele lesi sihlahla ezinambuzane, entwasahlobo kuyadingeka ukuba uyifake ngezidakamizwa ngethusi, nangaphambi kokuqhakaza - ngenhlanganisela ye "Zolona" ne "Skor".

Kubalulekile ukungakhohlwa ukususa ukhula. Futhi Kunconywa ukuthi ubeke isicupho sephepha esonakele esihlahleni somuthi. Lokhu kuzovimba izinambuzane futhi kuvimbele ukungena emgqeni..

Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwemifino nokuqala kokugeleza kwamanzi, Ungafakela umuthi we-apula ngesisombululo sika-700 g we-urea ngamalitha angu-10 wamanzi.

Le nqubo izobhubhisa zonke izinambuzane ezigcinwe ekwindla esihlahleni nangaphansi kwayo. Bese kanye ngenyanga, ungafakela "Simirenko" ngamalungiselelo e-biological njenge "Fitoverm", "Healthy Garden" noma "Agravertin". Musa ukuphazamisa ukucubungula kwensimu "iZircon", okusiza ukwandisa ukukhuthazela kwe-apula nokuphikisana kwayo nezifo.

Izinhlobonhlobo "Renet Simirenko" - lokhu kuyindlela enhle kubalimi abaningi. Izitshalo eziphakeme, ukumelana nesomiso nemimoya, ukulondolozwa isikhathi eside kwezithelo ezimnandi - konke lokhu akukwazi ukwehluleka ukuheha. Omunye kufanele azivumelanise nokukhathalela umuthi we-apula - futhi umlimi wezinsimu ngeke ajabule ngawo.

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