I-Pteris luhlobo lweferns oluvela emndenini kaPteris. Igama livela egameni lesiGrikhi, elihumusha ngokuthi "mhlophe".
Incazelo yePteris
I-Pteris ine-rhizome emhlabathini, enezimpande ezithambile ezimbozwe izinwele ezinsundu. Ngaphansi kwenhlabathi isiqu, kwesinye isikhathi siyadideka nokuqhubeka kwezimpande. Amaqabunga akhula esiqwini, kodwa kubonakala sengathi avela ngqo emhlabathini.
Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kuze kufike ku-2,5 m, futhi kunezindlela eziningi ezincane ezigoqa amadwala noma amadwala amawa.
Amaqabunga makhulu, athambile, aluhlaza okotshani, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-pteris
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-250 zepteris. Naphezu kwesakhiwo esijwayelekile sabo bonke futhi sinama-airy ngokulinganayo, amahlahla amahle kakhulu, angabukeka ahlukahlukene ngokuhlukahluka ngokubukeka nokwakheka kwamaqabunga.
| Isihloko | Incazelo Kushiya |
| I-Longleaf (Pteris longifolia) | Lush, anemibala ngokulinganayo, luhlaza okotshani. I-Narrow and long, itholakala okuphambene ne-petiole ende engama-40-50 cm ukuphakama. |
| Ukuthuthumela (Pteris tremula) | Okuphakeme kakhulu, kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1. Ifiphele, kepha yinhle kakhulu, ihlakaniphile kakhulu, iluhlaza okotshani ngombala. |
| I-Cretan (Pteris cretica) | Izinhlobonhlobo ezingaphenduki kakhulu - i-variegate "Alboleina", enobubanzi obukhulu nombala okhanyayo. ILanceolate, evame ukwahlukanisa, itholakala kuma-petioles aze afike ku-30 cm. |
| Ipipi (Pteris vittata) | Zihlelelwe ngokuhlukile kuma-petioles amade (afinyelela kumamitha), afana nezimbambo ezisikiwe. Ukukhuphuka, ithenda, ukugoba okuhle. |
| Okubhaliwe okuningi (Pteris multifida) | Kukhumbuza inqwaba yotshani. Okungajwayelekile, okuphindwe kabili-okune-pinnate, okunezingxenye ezincanyana nezinde ezilinganayo ezifinyelela ku-40 cm ubude kanye no-2 cm kuphela ububanzi. |
| U-Xiphoid (Pteris Ensiformis) | Enye enhle kakhulu. Ukuphakama okungama-30 cm. Ama-cirrus aphindwe kabili ngezigaba eziyindilinga. Izinhlobo eziningi zithwetshiwe, zinombala ogqamile. |
| I-Tricolor (Pteris Tricolor) | Kwasekhaya - EPeninsula Malacca (Indochina). I-Cirrus, efinyelela ku-60 cm, onsomi. Phendukela okuluhlaza ngeminyaka. |
Ukunakekelwa kukaPteris ekhaya
Ukunakekela isitshalo kuzodinga ukuhambisana nenani lemithetho elula yasekhaya.
| Ipharamitha | Ntwasahlobo | Ihlobo | Ukuwa / Ubusika |
| Inhlabathi | Ukukhanya, ukungathathi hlangothi noma i-acidic kancane, ph kusuka ku-6.6 kuye ku-7.2. | ||
| Indawo / Isibani | Amawindi asentshonalanga noma asempumalanga. Dinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo, kepha ngaphandle kwelanga eliqondile. | Kungcono ukuthatha isitshalo sikhiphe umoya ovulekileko, usigcine sisesilinganisweni esithileko. | Khetha indawo ekhanyayo, noma ukhanyise ngamalambu kuze kube ngamahora ayi-10-14. |
| Ukushisa | + 18 ... +24 ° С | Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, yehlisela ku-+ 16 ° C. Ebusuku - kufinyelela ku- +13 ° С. | |
| Umswakama | 90 % | 60-80% uma izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe lehlisiwe. | |
| Ukunisela | Njalo, ngomiswa kwaphezulu komhlaba. | Uma izinga lokushisa lizungeze u-+15 ° C, ukuthambisa kufanele kube nomkhawulo, okuvumela inhlabathi ukuba yome nge-1 cm. | |
| Ukufafaza | Izikhathi ezi-2 kuya kwezi-6 ngosuku. | Emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka +18 ° C - ungafafazi. | |
| Ukugqoka okuphezulu | Abekho. | Izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga, umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi wezimpahla ezindlini ezinhle. Lungiselela isixazululo ngokuxhunywa kwengxenye kusuka kulokho kukhonjisiwe kwiphakheji | Abekho. |
Ukufakelwa, inhlabathi, imbiza
Ama-fern atshalwa entwasahlobo, kuphela uma izimpande zimbozwe ngokuphelele yinhlama yobumba. UPteris uthanda izitsha eziminyene. Ukukhetha izitsha ezibanzi nezingajulile. Kudingeka kahle amanzi.
Ubunzima, izifo, izilokazane ze-pteris
UPteris ngeke adale izinkinga uma kunikezwe imibandela efanele. Ngokuzwela ubona ububi bokunakekelwa. Ngokuvamile kuthintwa izinambuzane ezikalwa ngamahlumela kanye nama-thrips, akuvamile - ama-aphid nama-mealybugs
| Pest / Inkinga | Incazelo nezizathu | Izindlela zomzabalazo |
| Izihlangu | Amachashaza ansundu 1-2 mm. | Phatha nge-Actellic (2 ml nge-1 litre lamanzi), uphinde uphinde ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5- 10. |
| Ama-Thrips | Imivimbo namachashazi engaphansi kwamaqabunga. | Sebenzisa i-Actellic ngendlela efanayo, hlambulula ngomfudlana wamanzi, ususe amaqabunga awonakele. |
| Ama-aphid | Amaqabunga athambile, onakele. Izinambuzane zincane, ziyadlula, ziyimililitha engu-1-3 mm. | Fafaza isitshalo ngesixazululo esingu-3% kagwayi, umlotha, i-chlorophos. |
| I-Mealybug | I-plaque emhlophe esithelweni, efana noboya bekotini. | Sika bese ushisa izingxenye ezithintekile, ungene endaweni engaphezulu ebhodweni. |
| Amaqabunga aluhlaza | Ukukhanyisa okwedlulele. | Hambisa ibhodwe endaweni efanelekile. |
| Amaqabunga aphuzi, asontekile, ukukhula okubuthakathaka. | Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu anomswakama onganele. | Yehlisa ukushisa komoya. |
| Amabala ansundu. | Ukufakwa ngaphansi kwenhlabathi noma kwamanzi okunisela. | Amanzi kuphela ngamanzi, okushisa kwawo angaphezulu kwezinga lokushisa lomoya ngo + 2 ... +7 ° С. Fudukela endaweni efudumele. |
Ukuzalanisa kukaPteris
Mhlawumbe ama-spores noma ukuhlukaniswa kweshizi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Emafulethini, kukhethwa indlela yesibili yokuzala. Amabhishi abantu abadala ahlukaniswe ngenombolo yamaphuzu okukhula, anikezwe ukuthi awahambelani nokukhishwa kwamaqabunga akhula kuwo. Izingcezu ezifafazwe ngamalahle ochotshoziwe, i-Delenki yatshalwa ngokushesha.
Isitshalo asihlobisi kuphela, kepha futhi siyokwelapha. Emithini yesintu, amaCretan noma izinhlobo eziningi asetshenziswa. Isilinganiso esivela kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesitshalo sisetshenziselwa ubuchwephesha, izifo ezithinta isikhumba, ubuthi nokuvuvukala. Ukubonisana nodokotela kuyadingeka ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
