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Isitshalo semifino

Indlela yokutshala nokukhula ukhukhamba "Murom"

Mhlawumbe izinhlobonhlobo zamakhukhamba "Murom" ziyaziwa yizo zonke izilimo zasemaphandleni kanye nemifino yemifino, ngoba ingenye yezinhlobo zakudala zaseRashiya ezizalisayo. Yadalwa edolobheni laseMurom (esifundeni saseVladimir), esathola khona igama. Lezi zihlukahlukene ziye zanda eRussia kusukela ngekhulu le-13! Chaza ukuthi ukuthandwa kwalesi sitshalo kwakungaba yindlela enhle kakhulu, ukunambitheka nokungacacile - udle lezi ukhukhamba ziphumelele kakhulu kunezithelo zezinye izinhlobo. Kulesi sihloko, sifunda ukuthi singakhula kanjani izinhlobo eziyaziwayo kusayithi lakho.

Incazelo ehlukahlukene

Lokhu okuhlukahluka kungokwezinhlobo ze-ultra-fast, bee-pollinating, nezinhlobo ezincane ezifutshiwe. Amahlumela akhula kuze kube ngu-100-160 cm, egcwele ngokugcwele amahlamvu amakhulu amnyama. Amahlathi aphansi, ahlanganiswe, awathathi isikhala esiningi kusayithi. Esikhathini sokudubula okuyinhloko sakha izimbali zesilisa, ohlangothini - wesifazane. Lesi sitshalo singakhula kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile nasendaweni yokugcina izithombo. Izinhlobonhlobo kuhle kakhulu ekukhuleni ezindaweni ezisenyakatho ngezimo ezinzima zezulu: ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zaseSiberia, e-Urals naseMpumalanga Ekude. Izinzuzo zamakhukhamba "e-Murom":

  • Ukuvuthwa kokuqala - izithelo zingavunwa emva kwamasonto amahlanu emva kokuhluma, ngokwesilinganiso kwezinsuku eziyishumi ngaphambi kweminye imikhakha;
  • ukunambitheka okukhulu kwezithelo;
  • ezihlukahlukene ezibandayo, kungenzeka ukuba zikhule ezindaweni ezibandayo kakhulu;
  • ukumelana ne-powdery isikhutha, i-bacteriosis;
  • ukungahloniphi ekunakekeleni.

Amakhukhamba we-bee-pollinated angafakwa ngokuthi izinhlobo ezinjengalezi: "Spring", "Paratunka F1" kanye "Nomunwe".

Kodwa udinga futhi ukwazi ngezinkinga zalezi zihlukahlukene:

  • izithelo ezincane;
  • isivuno esiphansi;
  • ukubekezelela kabi isomiso, izithelo zikhula ngaphansi komhlabathi ompofu.
Kodwa-ke, umzuzu wokugcina awukwazi neze ukubizwa ukuthi awuyingozi, ngoba lokhu kuyoba yiqiniso kunoma yisiphi isitshalo.
Kubalulekile! "Amakhukhamba e-Murom ngokushesha aphenduka aphuzi, aphumele futhi alahlekelwe isethulo uma engaqoqiwe ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuvuna njalo futhi kaningi.

Izithelo nezivuno

Amakhukhamba a "Murom" ayaba ngu-6-8 cm, ububanzi - kufika ku-4-5 cm, okungukuthi, kuncane kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid. Kodwa-ke, ukucaca kwabo kuhlawulelwa ngokugcwele izici zokuvuthwa nokunambitheka: isithelo sinomnandi kakhulu, sinamanzi, sinambitheka esimnandi. Izithelo zifanele ukusetshenziswa okusha, okungcono kunakho konke ukuveza ukunambitheka lapho u-salting. Ukhukhamba zidwetshwe emthunzini ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezimbambo zenziwa ngezingqimba ezincane, ezikhanyayo, ikhasi limbozwe ama-spikes amnyama, ama-pubescent. Ingqikithi yekhukhamba ihlanganiswe nama-tubercles amancane, angabonakali. Ukuma kwesithelo kuyinto oblong. Isisindo esilinganisweni sesithelo ngu-50-70 g, isivuno esivela ku-1 sikwele. m - kufika ku-3 kg. Ungakwazi ukuqoqa izithelo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-35-40 emva kokuhluma, okungamaviki amabili ngaphambi kweminye imikhakha eminingi. I-Fruiting iyaqhubeka kuze kube yiminyaka eyishumi ka-Agasti, emva kwalokho amahlathi asengozini enkulu yokutheleleka kwefungal. Izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa, ngakho kubalulekile ukubamba iqoqo elivamile.

Ukukhethwa kwezithombo

Ngezizathu ezihlukahlukene, kungenzeka ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukhulisa izithombo zamakhukhamba uqobo, futhi emva kwakho konke kungenzeka ukuba uthole isivuno esihle kunazo zonke izitshalo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi indlela yokukhetha izithombo zokuthenga (isitshalo sezitshalo ezingama-30):

  • i-stem enkulu yesitshalo kufanele ibe ngu-6-10 mm ububanzi;
  • ezitshalweni kumele zibe amaqabunga angama-5-6;
  • uhlelo lwempande kumele lwakhiwe, i-clod yenhlabathi ye-braid;
  • ubude bendondo engaphansi kwezingu-5 cm.
Akufanele uthenge izithombo ezinamaqabunga obuthakathaka obuthakathaka kanye namaqabunga alula - lokhu kubonakala kubonisa ukwephulwa ngokweqile kwezimo ezikhulayo. Ungathenga futhi izithombo ezincane - ezinsukwini ezingama-20 noma ezingu-10. Kulesi simo, izithombo zizoba ne-2-3 neqabunga elilodwa leqiniso, ngokulandelana. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukuthi izithombo zisebancane zikhula zibe ngcono.
Kubalulekile! Umthetho oyinhloko lapho ukhetha izithombo: lapho utshala endaweni yokushisa, khetha izithombo eziningi "ezindala", izitshalo ezincane zilungele ukutshala emhlabathini ovulekile.

Umhlabathi nomanyolo

Ukutshala ukhukhamba akufanelekile hlangothi (pH 7), inhlabathi evundile, evundile, mhlawumbe i-loam noma i-sandstone. Umhlabathi kufanele ube nokuphefumula ngokwanele. Awukwazi ukutshala lesi sitshalo ezindaweni eziphansi kanye nokuqhuma kwamanzi nokuqoqa umoya obandayo enhlabathini enzima kakhulu, enesisindo. Futhi okushisa kakhulu, inhlabathi empofu, e-acidic noma e-alkali ayifanelekile. Ngokuphathelene nokujikeleza kwezitshalo: kungcono ukutshala ukhukhamba emva iklabishi omhlophe nekholifulawa, utamatisi kanye ne-beet, amazambane, i-peas kanye anyanisi. Kodwa emva kwezitshalo zamathanga (zucchini, ikhabe, ithanga, ikhabe) kufanele igweme ukutshala ikhukhamba. Khumbula ukuthi ukhukhamba ezikhulayo ezingaphezu kweminyaka engu-3-4 endaweni eyodwa ayifuni.

Ukubunjwa okuhle kwenhlabathi yenkambiso:

  • 20% yenhlabathi;
  • 50% i-peat;
  • 30% we-humus.
Ungase futhi wengeze u-sawdust. Ngaphambi kokutshala, inhlabathi kufanele iguqulwe kuya ku-25 cm ejulile, ingaxilwanga nge-7% isixazululo se-vitriol eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukuze ucebise inhlabathi, kuyasiza ukusebenzisa lezo zifaka umquba (okusekelwe ku-1 sq. M):
  • 3 kg we-superphosphate;
  • 2 kg we-potassium sulfate;
  • 400 g we-ammonium nitrate.

Engeza i-superphosphate, i-potassium sulfate ne-ammonium nitrate emhlabathini.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Sisebenzelana nenhlabathi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuhlinzekela ezinye izimo zesiko. Njengoba izifunda ezishisayo zihlala ekhaya ikhukhamba, izimo kufanele ziseduze ngangokunokwenzeka. Imfuneko esemqoka ukushisa nomswakama.

  1. Ukukhanyisa Lesi siko sithanda ukukhanya okukhulu, ngoba sidinga ukutshala ezindaweni ezikhanyayo nezifudumele. Ikhula kahle futhi iveza izithelo ezimweni zamalanga amahora amancane (kuze kube amahora angu-10-12). Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, ama-ovaries awela, amahlumela abesilisa akhula kakhulu, lesi sitshalo siyancipha futhi siba yisifo esingenasifo. Akekho icala ngeke zagushchat ikhukhamba ukutshala!
  2. Imodi yokushisa. Uhlobo lokushisa oluhle kakhulu lwekhukhamba liyi + 25 ... +28 ° С emini kanye no-16 ... +18 ° С ebusuku. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiko asithandi amaconsi okuzumayo kanye namaqhwa (ngisho ukwehla okuncane ekushiseni kuya ku-0 ° C kungonakalisa izitshalo).
  3. Ukunisela imodi. I-moisten inhlabathi kufanele kube izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto, udinga ukuwasebenzisa ntambama, kuze kuhlwe. Ukunisela, sebenzisa kuphela (!) Amanzi afudumele.
  4. Ukudla. Umanyolo kufanele ube njalo. Okokuqala, ngenxa yendawo engacacile yesimiso sempande, ikhukhamba ayikwazi ukukhipha izinto ezanele emhlabathini. Okwesibili, lesi sitshalo siphelile kakhulu esikhathini esifushane se-fruiting. Uma ukhulile endaweni yokushisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu kungenziwa kaningi.
Uyazi? I-spikes izithelo zekhukhamba zenzelwe ukufihla umswakama ongaphezu kwalokho, ngakho-ke kusesimweni esishisayo ekuseni ungabona amaconsi amanzi nge-spike ngayinye.

Ukukhula kusuka imbewu kuya izithombo ekhaya

Izithombo zekhukhamba ezikhulayo yinkqubo enzima futhi ebuhlungu, kodwa kuwufanele. Phela, uma ukhula ukhukhamba usebenzisa izithombo, isivuno singatholakala nangaphambilini!

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Ngaphambi kokutshala, kubalulekile ukuthi ukhethe ngokucophelela ukutshala izinto bese ulahla izinga eliphansi. Ukwenza lokhu, lungiselela isisombululo sikasawoti ka-3% bese ubhala imbewu kuyo - imbewu engenalutho ifaka, futhi izinto eziphezulu zizohlala phansi. Kumele futhi isetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo. Kungcono ukusebenzisa imbewu eneminyaka emibili ubudala, njengoba inikeza izithelo eziningi kakhulu.

Funda ukuthi ungagcwalisa kanjani imbewu yekhukhamba ngaphambi kokutshala.

Ngemuva kokulahlwa, basuke benesifo sengculaza kwisisombululo se-1% se-potassium permanganate imizuzu engu-30. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imbewu kufanele igeze, ihlanganiswe ngendwangu ebomvu bese ishiya izinsuku ezingu-2-3 ekushiseni kwe + 20 ... +25 ° C yokuhluma. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungaphuthelwa umzuzu lapho izimpande zizovela 3-4 mm ubude - lesi yisikhathi esihle sokutshala imbewu yezithombo.

Okuqukethwe nendawo

Ngokuba izithombo ezikhulayo, ungakhetha izinhlamvu zepulasitiki noma izipulasitiki ngezimbobo, amaphilisi e-peat, amakhasethi akhethekile. Ukhukhamba awuphenduli kahle ekukhethweni, ngakho-ke akunconywa ukuba ukhule kuwo ngokwanele kanye nokufakelwa kwezitshalo ezilandelayo. Kuyadingeka ukuba ulungiselele ngokushesha iziqukathi.

Khetha ikhono elifanele lezithombo.

I-substrate ingathengwa esitolo (okhethekile izithombo) noma uziphekele ezakhiweni ezilandelayo:

  1. Hlanganisa i-peat, ishlabathi, umhlaba we-sod ne-vermiculite ngesilinganiso esifanayo.
  2. Hlanganisa izingxenye ezingu-4 ze-peat ne-sod land, 1 ingxenye ye-sawdust nomquba.
  3. Hlanganisa izingxenye eziyisithupha zomquba, izingxenye ezingu-3 ze-peat no-1 ingxenye yesihlabathi.
I-coconut fibre ingafakwa enhlabathini ngokuphefumula okukhulu nokukhanya. Uma uthenga ingxube eyenziwe ngomhlabathi, akudingeki ukuba inzalo futhi ifaka. Uma uzilungiselele umhlabathi ngokwakho, udinga ukuxiliswa nge-disinfected kusuka izibungu nezinhlamvu uma kushiswa kuhhavini (imizuzu engu-20 e-180 ° C). I-coconut fiber

Ukuze umanyolo izinto ezinjalo zisetshenziswe ngo-10 kg wenhlanganisela:

  • 6 g we-urea;
  • 10 g we-superphosphate;
  • 6 g we-potassium sulfate;
  • 2 g we-magnesium sulfate.
Lokhu kulungiswa kwenhlabathi kuphelile. Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu, inhlabathi kufanele igcinwe izinsuku ezingu-14 ngaphansi kwefilimu ukwakha i-microflora efanelekile.
Uyazi? Faka "ukuzalwa" kwekhukhamba unyawo lwezintaba ze-Himalaya. Amakhukhamba asendle ayakhula yonke indawo lapho. Kodwa-ke, imifino yasendle ayifani kakhulu nemifino yasemakhaya: ifana nesayizi encane kanye nokunambitheka okubabayo.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu

Izithombo zitshalwe izithombo ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Kodwa lena yisikhathi esivamile. Ukuze uthole isibalo esilungile sesikhathi, bala usuku lapho iqhwa lokugcina lwenzeka khona endaweni yakho, susa izinsuku ezingu-25-35 kusukela kule nombolo - lokhu kuzoba yisikhathi sokutshala imbewu bese ukhula emhlabathini ovulekile. Ukuze imbewu yokutshala idinga ukwenza izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula:

  1. Khetha izitsha, ulungise inhlabathi. Gcwalisa iziqukathi ngenhlanganisela ukuze u-1-1.5 cm uhlale enqenqemeni, wenze izimbobo ezijulile 2 cm.
  2. Hlala kahle emithonjeni yezinhlamvu ezingu-1-2, zama ukulimaza izimpande ngendlela encane ngangokunokwenzeka. Vala emithonjeni nge-substrate.
  3. Hlanganisa inhlabathi ngebhodi le-spray.
  4. Iziqukathi kufanele zihlanganiswe nefilimu noma ingilazi, ibekwe phezu kwenaliti bese efakwa efesiteleni noma kwenye indawo ekhanyayo.
Ukushisa okungcono kakhulu kokuvela kwezithombo kuyinto + 25 ... +28 ° С. Futhi, inhlabathi kufanele ifakwe izikhathi ezingu-2-3 ngesonto.

Ukunakekelwa kwesithombo

Emva kokutshala izithombo zivela ezinsukwini ezingu-3-4 kamuva (ngaphansi kwesimo sezimo ezijwayelekile zokushisa). Izithombo zidinga ukukhanya okuhle, okuhlala njalo (okungenani amahora angu-13-15), ngakho-ke, uma kungekho, kuzodingeka ukuthi uhlele ukukhanya okungeziwe. Ukuze imbewu ihlume, ukushisa kwe-+25 ° C kuyadingeka, ngemva kokuvela kunganciphisa ngo-+20 ° C phakathi nosuku no-16 ... I-+18 ° C ebusuku.

Thola ukuthi zingaki izinsuku zokukhuphula ikhukhamba.

Lapho izinga lokushisa ngaphandle lizofinyelela +15 ° C, izithombo zingathathwa ukuze ziqhume futhi zikhuni. Ekuqaleni kwemizuzu engu-20 kuyokwanela, isikhathi singancipha kancane kancane. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukushintshanisa njalo iziqukathi ezinezithombo zokusungulwa okujwayelekile kwe-stem namaqabunga. Ukunisela kufanele kube njalo futhi kulinganiswe. Ungavumeli isomiso noma uketshezi oluqhubekayo kuziqukathi. Ukuze kunisela, amanzi ahlukanisiwe asetshenziswa +22 ° С. Uma igumbi linomoya ophansi we-humidity, kungenzeka ukwengeze uketshezile izithombo kusuka ku-sprayer. Ungaphinda uhambise izingubo eziningana: owokuqala ngemuva kokwakheka kweqabunga elilodwa leqiniso, elilandelayo - emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-14. Ungasebenzisa umquba wokuhweba okuyinkimbinkimbi ngokuhambisana nemiyalelo noma i-superphosphate (20 g ngalinye ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi). Kubalulekile ukwenza umanyolo kuphela enhlabathini emanzi, isibonelo, ekuseni ungakwazi ukuwafaka izithombo, bese kusihlwa ufaka ukufaka umquba. Lapho uneminyaka engama-28-32, uma amaqabunga amathathu eqiniso enziwe ngeziqu, izithombo zilungele ukufakelwa emhlabathini.

Ukutshala izithombo phansi

Izithombo zifakelwa emhlabathini ovulekile ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaMeyi, kodwa kufanele uhlale ucabanga ngezimo zezulu endaweni yakho. Ngesikhathi sokufika, umhlabathi kufanele ufudumele kuze kube ngu-15 ... +20 ° С. Izithombo zitshalwe ngosuku oluthile, ntambama (ntambama).

Funda futhi ngokuthi ungatshala ukhukhamba kanjani izithombo.

Indlela yokufakelwa yile ndlela elandelayo:

  1. Hlanganisa izimbobo ngokujula kwe-20 cm, ibanga eliphakathi kwezitshalo lingama-40 * 40 cm. Umquba uthululwa emithonjeni, egcwele umhlabathi.
  2. Susa ngokucophelela izithombo eziqukathi, uqaphele ungalimazi uhlelo lwempande.
  3. Izithombo zifakwa emithonjeni, ehlanganiswe nenhlabathi.
  4. Okulandelayo, izithombo zidinga ukuphuziswa ngamanzi afudumele, 1.5 amalitha ngesitshalo ngasinye.
  5. Ngemuva kokunisela inhlabathi ihlanganiswe.
Uyazi? Izakhamuzi zaseLondon zibiza iCucumber Tower Tower noma i-gherkin ye-Tower Swiss Re ukuze kufane nalezi zithelo ngesimo.

Ukulima kwezolimo emhlabathini ovulekile

Imbewu yamakhukhamba "kaMurom" ingatshalwa ngqo emhlabathini. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwemimoya yokulima, izihlahla zidinga ukuqinisekisa izimo ezinhle endaweni ehlala njalo yokukhula.

Sikhula ukhukhamba emhlabathini ovulekile, esiteshini sokushisa, ebhaleni, efesiteleni ebusika, emabhakede, emgqonyeni nasesikhwameni.

Izimo zangaphandle

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo kufanelekile ukutshala kokubili emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ngaphansi kwezingxenye zefilimu. Ayikho umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwezindlela, kodwa esimweni sesibili, isivuno singatholakala nangaphambilini, kusukela ekuqaleni kuzobe imbewu yokutshala izithombo. Sesivele sikhulume ukukhethwa kwezindawo ensimini evulekile: kufanele ifudumale futhi ikhanyiswe ilanga, indawo engenawo umoya, inhlabathi evundile, elula lapho umswakama nomoya obandayo kungabi khona. E-asidi ephezulu yenhlabathi, kuthulwa umlotha okhuni. Ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi yokulima emhlabathini ovulekile kufana nalokhu okungenhla. Kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokujikeleza kwezitshalo bese ukhetha isayithi lokulima ngokuhambisana nabo.

Inqubo yokutshala imbewu emhlabathini

Uma uhlwanyela imbewu ngendlela engenambewu, isivuno singatholakala kancane kancane, kepha lokhu ngeke kuphazamise nakancane izindawo zamakhukhamba. Kubalulekile ukukhetha isikhathi sokutshala - inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele kuze kube ngu-15 ... +20 ° С, akufanele kube khona amaqhwa ebusuku. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zitshalwe emhlabathini ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Isu lokuhlela: 50 * 50 cm.

Ubuchwepheshe bokutshala:

  1. Kubalulekile ukumba imigodi 15-20 cm ejulile, umquba, ufafaze umhlaba futhi uthele kakhulu.
  2. Emithonjeni kuya ku-1.5-2 cm imbewu ejulile, ifafazwe ngenhlabathi futhi iyanamanzi futhi.
  3. Okulandelayo, ekupheleni kwemibhede, izisekelo zifakiwe, futhi ifilimu isethelwe phezu kwazo ukuze kusebenze umphumela wokushisa okushisa. Ngemuva kokuthi imbewu ihlume kanye nokuvela kwamapheshana okuqala, ifilimu ingasuswa.

Ukunisela

Ukusetshenziselwa ukuchelela sebenzisa amanzi afudumele kuphela. Unganisela izitshalo ngaphambi kokudla kwasemini nangemva kokushisa. Kusihlwa, ungakwazi ukuwashalisa amahlumela emaqabunga, kodwa awukwazi ukumanzisa intamo ye-basal, ngaphandle kwalokho ungayibangela ukuthi ibole. Inhlabathi engaphansi kwesihlahla kufanele ifakwe emanzini angaphansi kuka-20 cm. Esikhathini sezulu esibhakabhakeni, ukuchelela kunciphise, ngoba umswakama uphuthuka kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho, amahlathi awudli kahle kakhulu. Esikhathini sezulu sezulu, ukuchelela kumile kuze kube yilapho i-coma yodaka idla.

Amacebo okuchelela ngezigaba ezahlukene zokukhula kwamahlathi:

  1. Ngaphambi kwezimbali. Esikhathini esishisayo, esomile, ukuchelela kufanele kube nsuku zonke amanzi ageleza afike ku-1 l ehlathini ngalinye.
  2. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwama-ovari, ngesikhathi sokuvuna. Izitshalo ziphuziswa ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3, ama-2-3 amalitha amanzi atholakala esihlahleni esisodwa.
  3. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi sokuvuna. Ukunisela kunciphisa isikhathi 1 ngesonto, lesi sitshalo sincike ku-1 litre amanzi.

Umhlaba ukhulula futhi ukhula

Ukukhululeka kuyinkambiso yokunakekelwa kwekhukhamba eyimpoqo eqinisekisa ukuhlinzekwa okuvamile kwe-oksijeni nokuhambisa umoya. Uma le nqubo inganakwa, igumbi lobumba lihlanganisiwe, isitshalo sinciphisa ekukhuleni, ama-ovari awela. Le nqubo yenziwa ngokunisela okunye, emva kokuma komhlabathi. Ukujula kokukhipha kungaphezulu kuka-4 cm, ukuze ugweme ukulimala ezimpandeni. Indlela elula kunazo zonke ukukhulula inhlabathi ngosizo lwemfoloko: bahlanganiswe phakathi kwemibhede futhi basuswe ngaphandle kokwenza noma yikuphi ukunyakaza. Uma ukuyikhulula kubuye kudingeke ukuba uphathe ukhula kusuka kokhula ngosizo lwezinyosi.

Masking

Masking kufanele kwenziwe ukwandisa fruiting kanye ukubunjwa ngokufanele ehlathini. I-Pysynok isuswe uma ifinyelela ubude obuyi-3-6 cm, ngokuvamile iyanelisa ukususa amahlumela kusuka emaqabeni wokuqala ama-5-6. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufeza ukugxila ngesikhathi esifanele, ngoba lesi sitshalo sidinga imizamo eminingi ukwakha ingxenye eluhlaza esikhundleni sokwenza isithelo.

Thola ukuthi kungani ukhamba ukhukhamba kanye ne-garter.

Ibhande le-Garter

Amahlumela athi "Murom" afushane, amagatsha asetshala kancane, ngakho angakhula ngendlela elula futhi ethandwa kakhulu - isakaze, okungukuthi, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukusekela kanye ne-garters. Ngesikhala esanele, iziqu zizokwazi ukubonakala kahle nokuthuthukisa.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ziphendula kahle ekufakweni kwamaminerali amaminerali kanye nama-organic. Iminye imithetho yokusebenzisa ukuphakelayo:

  • ukukhulelwa kwenziwa kuphela ntambama;
  • Izinto zingasetshenziswa kuphela enhlabathini emanzi;
  • emva kokukhulelwa, amaqabunga ayanisela ukuvimbela ukushisa.
Kubalulekile! Uma kwenzeka inhlabathi evundile, akufanele nanini uyiqede ngokudla okungeziwe.!

Inombolo yokugqoka ixhomeke ezingeni lomhlabathi wokuzala endaweni yakho. Ngokwesilinganiso, kukwanele ukwenza izingubo eziningana: amasonto amabili emva kokutshala, ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kanye nokuvuna kwesithelo.

  1. Uma uqala ukudla, ungasebenzisa udaba oluphilayo (inkukhu yenkukhu emgodini we-1: 15, i-mullein ekugxileni kwe-1: 6, ngokuvamile utshani obusanda ku-1: 5). Amakhomikhali afanelekayo amaminerali (ama-10 amalitha amanzi 15 g we-urea, 60 g we-superphosphate).
  2. Ukondla okwesibili, umanyolo wezitshalo ezimbiwa ngamaminerali uzoba ofanelekile (isibonelo, nciphisa umlotha womlotha elingu-10 amalitha amanzi). Futhi umthelela omuhle unikeza ukudla okunama-foliar (35 g we-superphosphate kuhlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).
  3. Ekudleni kwesithathu, umlotha ungasetshenziswa kule nxenye noma eminye yamaminerali (50 g we-urea ehlanjululwe ngamalitha angu-10 amanzi).

Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela

Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zinokuphikisana kakhulu ne-bacteriosis ne-powdery isikhutha - esinye sezifo ezivame kakhulu ezitshalweni zasegadini. Kodwa-ke, ekupheleni kwe-fruiting (ishumi leminyaka lesibili ka-Agasti) izitshalo ziqala ukuhlaselwa kakhulu yizifo ezithathelwanayo. Isizathu sokwehla kokushisa kwebusuku ngo-Agasti, inqubo iqhutshwa kakhulu uma usebenzisa amanzi abandayo yokunisela.

Funda futhi mayelana nendlela yokubhekana nezifo nezinambuzane zamakhukhamba.

Ngokuyinhloko, ungazama ukusindisa izitshalo nokwandisa i-fruiting ngandlela-thile uma usebenzisa ama-fungicides ("I-Topaz", "Hom"). Futhi, lapho kuqala ubusuku obubandayo, amahlumela kudingeka avikelwe ngento ehlanganisiwe. Zonke izingxenye ezithintekile zezitshalo zisuswe futhi zishiswe.

Ezinye izifo zamakhukhamba ezenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezimbi:

  1. I-Perinosporosis. Amaqabunga ahlanganiswe namabala aphuzi aphuzi, owomile ngenxa yokulimala kwefungal. Uma kutholakala isifo, susa zonke izingxenye ezithintekayo zesitshalo, unqume ukuchelela, usebenze zonke izihlahla nge-fungicide futhi usebenzise izinto zokugqoka ebusuku.
  2. I-Sclerotinia (ukubola okumhlophe). Isitshalo nezithelo zimbozwe ngeqhwa elimhlophe, libola. Ukushisa okuphansi kuqinisa inkinga yesifo. Uma kwenzeka isifo, susa izingxenye ezithintekile, cubungula izigaba ngamalahle.
  3. I-Cladosporiosis (indawo emnyama). Izilonda ezinobuthi zibangelwa ukushisa okuphansi nokuswakama ngokweqile. Uma kutholakala into efanayo, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukuchelela, ukumboza izihlahla kanye nefilimu, ukucubungula amahlathi kanye ne-Bordeaux liquid noma i-Oxyf.
  4. Umsuka wokubola. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuntuleka noma ukungaphezu kokuswakama lapho kuphuza ngamanzi abandayo. Izitshalo ezithintekayo kakhulu ukuzilondoloza azizwanga kahle. Uma isitshalo sithinteka esiteji sokuqala, ungakwazi ukususa amagatsha asithintekile bese uhlela ukusikeka ngomlotha. Ukuze uvimbele kabili ngenyanga, udinga ukwenza isipele "Previkur".

Ukuvuna nokugcina

Uma uqoqa ukhukhamba "we-Murmansk", udinga ukukhumbula umthetho oyisisekelo - ukujwayela kanye nemvamisa. Kubalulekile ukuhlola ukutholakala kwezithelo nsuku zonke, ngoba ukhukhamba lalezi ezihlukahlukene zivuthwe ngokushesha, bese kuthi ngokushesha zivele, ziphuzi, zilahlekelwe ukubonakala kwazo okubonakalayo nokufaneleka kokusetshenziswa.

Imithetho yokuqoqa ama-greenberries:

  1. Ukuze ususe izithelo kufanele kube ukuthi isitshalo sasihlala esiteshini. Okufanelekile, isithelo kufanele sinqunywe ngomese.
  2. Isikhathi sasekuseni noma kusihlwa kufanelekile ukuqoqa.
  3. Akunakwenzeka akunakudonsa, ukuguqula, ukuguqula noma ukulungisa isishayo.
  4. Imifino evuthiwe kufanele ibe endaweni epholile, epholile.
  5. Lapho eqoqwe esimweni esomile, izithelo zizogcinwa isikhathi eside.

Ukhukhamba awukwazi ukugcinwa isikhathi eside, ezimweni eziningi zivunyelwe ngokushesha ukucubungula. Kodwa uma ufuna ukwelula isikhathi sokudla ngezithelo ezintsha, zingabekwa esitsheni ngamanzi apholile bese ufakwa endaweni epholile. Amanzi adinga ukuguqulwa nsuku zonke. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izithelo zingaqamba amasonto amaningana.

Izinkinga nezincomo ezingenzeka

Yize lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ukungathobeki, izimo ezilandelayo zingase ziphakame ngokuphulwa okukhulu kwezimo zokuboshwa:

  1. Ukufutheka kwesithelo. Kubonisa ukuntuleka kwamanzi. Kubuye kwenzeke ngehla lokushisa okubukhali.
  2. Ukuguqulwa kwesimo sesithelo, ifomu elibheke. Le nkinga ivela lapho ikhulile emhlabathini ompofu kakhulu, kuyilapho inganaki ukugqoka. Ngokuvamile ngokuvamile ayinayo i-potassium.
  3. Ubuncane besithelo. Isizathu sibuye ububha bomhlabathi nokuntuleka kwezakhi.
  4. Ukucwiliswa, isayizi elincane lamahlamvu. Izinkinga ezifanayo zivela ngokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen.
Ukuguqulwa kwamakhukhamba. Ngokuvamile, lezi zimila zikhula, hhayi ukuvunwa okumangalisayo, kodwa ukuze zijabulele ukhukhamba enempilo futhi ezihlwabusayo ezivela engadini yazo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi, ama-ukhukhamba athi "ama-Murom" ahle kakhulu ku-salting, okusho ukuthi ungajabulela izithelo phakathi nobusika. Izinhlobonhlobo azidingi futhi zingenangqondo, ngoba kufanelekile ukukhula ngisho nabalimi abangenalwazi.

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