Imfuyo isebenzisa ukudla okunhlobonhlobo, kodwa umsebenzi oyinhloko kulabo abalimi abaningi akuyona nje kuphela impilo enhle yezinkomo, kodwa futhi inzuzo yokushesha yesisindo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kokubili ukudla okuxutshwe kanye nokudla okunomsoco, okunezinzuzo ezithile, kuyasetshenziswa.
Kuyini, futhi yiziphi i-subspecies ezingahlukaniswa ukudla okugxilisiwe - funda.
Yiziphi
Ukudla okutshaliwe kwezitshalo kuboniswa umkhiqizo ohlangene ohlangene nesakhiwo. Ekubunjweni kwayo kunezitshalo nezitshalo, okusanhlamvu, kanye nemfucuza ezivela ezimbonini zezitshalo nezesilwane, eziye zadlula isiteji sokugaya nokuhlanza.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, lokhu kudla kunomuthi ophakeme wezinto ezizuzayo, kuhlanganise ne-fiber. Kungondliwa eyomile noma egobile ngotshani noma utshani oqoshiwe. Cabanga zonke izingxenye eziyinhloko zokudla okunjalo eduze.
Amabele okusanhlamvu
Ummbila, ibhali, ukolweni, oats, rye kanye nezinye okusanhlamvu yizinto eziyinhloko zemikhiqizo ephezulu yokudla. Cishe u-2/3 we-mass mass okusanhlamvu yi-starch, cishe cishe egazinike ngokuphelele emzimbeni.
Inani elibalulekile lamakhemikhali e-digestible kalula liqinisekisa inani eliphakeme lokudla okunomsoco wezinhlamvu zokusanhlamvu, okuphakathi kuka-0.95-1.35 feed. amayunithi ku-1 kg. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iphrotheni ye-cereal ibonakala nge-bio-value ephansi.
Uyazi? Umndeni we-bamboo ungowomndeni wezitshalo, kodwa uma uqhathaniswa nezitshalo ezivame ukukhula, kuyinhloko enkulu, ngoba ezinye izinhlobo zazo zikhula zibe ngu-3800 m!
Imbewu yemifino
Uma kuqhathaniswa nembewu eyedlule, amaprotheni amaningi kanye ne-lysine akhona emasimini aluhlaza (okuyinhloko yokunciphisa ama-amino acid ezikhungweni zokudla), futhi abamele abakhulu baleli qembu bangama-peas, ama-soya namaplansi, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ifolishi equkethe i-wiki, i-lentils, ubhontshisi befolda.
I-Pea efanelwe ukunikeza izingulube, ngoba iqukethe amaprotheni angu-220 g kanye no-15 g we-lysine kilogram. Ngokubaluleka kwezinto eziphilayo, siseduze nesidlo se-soya nokudla kwenyama, okuqukethe inani elifanayo lemaprotheni. Ngokuvame ukudla okugxilisiwe kwezinkomo kwakuhlanganisa ama-peas 10%.
Thola ukuthi yini ehlobene nemifino.
Soy Kubhekwa njengobhontshisi obaluleke kunazo zonke, ngoba iqukethe amaprotheni angama-33% - aphelele kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo. Ama-1 kg ama-akhawunti angu-21-23 g we-lysine, okuletha amaprotheni amaningi e-soy eduze kwesakhi samaprotheni wesilwane.
Noma kunjalo, izingxenye zokulwa nokudla okunomsoco zikhona kuma-soya, yingakho ukusetshenziswa kwe-soya emathanjeni agxilile kanye nokudla okuhlanganiswa kuvunyelwe kuphela emva kokuba sekuphekwe ngokugcwele: isibonelo, ukugaya noma ukukhipha.
Uma ukhula izingulube, kufanele uqaphele ukondla ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu lupine. Lokhu kuyi-protein ephawulekayo, okuyinto enhle kakhulu ukusebenzisa uma ukondla izilwane amazambane.
Ukukhiqizwa kobuchwepheshe bokususa
Ngemuva kokucubungula imikhiqizo ehlukene yezitshalo, insalela enkulu isalayo, engasetshenziselwa nokudla izinkomo nezingulube. Isibonelo, ikhekhe nesidlo, esele ngemuva kokucubungula okusanhlamvu kwesoya, i-sunflower, ukotini, i-flax nama-peanuts, aqukethe kufika ku-31-45% weprotheni engcolile.
Umthambo we-beet omile - umkhiqizo owusizo wama-ruminants, ngakho-ke usungulwa ekudleni kwezinkomo ezincane njengenye indlela yokusanhlamvu (ngokuvamile kuya ku-10% ngesisindo sisetshenziswa).
Thola ukuthi ikhekhe le-sunflower kanye nesidlo sehluke kanjani.
Enye yezinhlobo zokukhiqiza ubuchwepheshe bokudoba i-molasses - ingxube ye-hydrocarbon nutrition, lapho kune-50% ushukela kanye no-10% wezidakamizwa ezithwala i-nitrogenous (okuyizinhlobo eziningi ezingezona amaprotheni). Ukuhlunga okuphezulu kwe-ushukela kunomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono ukugaya ukudla.
Uma kunokwenzeka, ungasebenzisa udoti utshwala noma utshwala, isibonelo, i-pellet. Esimweni esomisiwe, lesi sici sizoba yingxenye ebalulekile kunoma yikuphi ukondla okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali okungasetshenziswa kokubili kokudla izingulube nokugcina okusanhlamvu.
I-beet pulp (i-granule)
Izinhlobo zokucubungula
Zonke izingxenye zokudla okugxilisiwe kufanele zilandelwe, ezingathuthukisa ikhwalithi yazo futhi zenze ukusebenzisana okuhle nezinye izingxenye. Kunezinketho eziningana zokucubungula okunjalo, sibheka okuthandwa kakhulu.
Ukushisa
Lesi sigaba sokulungiselela sinesibopho semifino namabele, ngoba ukuchoboza noma ukugaya kuphela kungabhubhisa igobolondo eliqinile, ngaleyo ndlela kube lula ukuhlafuna ukudla ngezilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe kulula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo zokuxuba izakhi.
Izinga lokugaya lizoxhomeka kuneminyaka yobudala kanye nohlobo lwesilwane esithile. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ebuntwaneni, kuyadingeka ukondla amathole nezinkukhu ngokusanhlamvu okwenziwe kahle (okungaphezu kuka-1 mm), kodwa kubamele abadala abadala ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana bungaba yi-1.5-2 mm. Izinhlamvu ezichotshoziwe zinikeza zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, zihlanganisa nabo ngezimpande zezitshalo, utshani obunama-silage kanye noboyiweyo.
Kubalulekile! Lapho ugawula izitshalo, inxenye yesitashi iguqulwa ibe yi-monosaccharides, ngaleyo ndlela inike okusanhlamvu i-aftertaste enhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamaprotheni, ukugaya ukudla kwamaprotheni kanye nokutholakala kwama-amino acid kunciphisa kancane.
Ummbila ochotshoziwe
I-Malting
Lolu hlobo lokucubungula lusetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izindawo zokunambitheka zokusanhlamvu (ikakhulukazi ibhali, ukolweni kanye nommbila), ukuze izilwane zizimisele kakhulu ukudla okuphakelayo okuhlongozwayo. Ingqalasizinda yale nqubo iyancipha ibe yithonya lokusanhlamvu okushisa okuphezulu, okubangelwa ukuthi isitashi sithathwe futhi sithandwa kangcono.
Lokhu kuyinhle ekudleni izinkukhu ezincelisayo kanye nezishukela zokuncelisa (usebenzisa ukudla okusanhlamvu, ungathatha indawo engama-50% yenani eliphelele lokudla okugxilisiwe).
Kuyathakazelisa ukufunda indlela yokwenza i-feeder yezingulube ngezandla zakho.
Ekhaya, ukuqeqeshwa okunjalo kungenziwa kuphela ngokubeka ingxenye yokugxila emahoreni amaningana emgodini noma embizeni yamanzi abilayo (+ 85-90 ° C). Kulesi simo, okuyi-1 kg yokudla kufanele ibe yi-1.5-2 amalitha amanzi, futhi okusanhlamvu okusikiwe, kuyadingeka ukuqhuma njalo.
Ukugcina ukudla kufudumele isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kugcwele ungqimba wamasentimitha angu-5 womxube omile omile. Umphumela wezinga eliphakeme kakhulu wokulwa nokuguga utholakala ekushiseni okusetshenziselwa ukucubungula kwama-60-65 ° C.
Ukudla kwe-Malting: ividiyo
Imvubelo
Ngosizo lomvubelo, kungenzeka ukwandisa kakhulu ukudla kwamaprotheni zibe yizilwane zezilwane. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula, okusanhlamvu kusetshenziselwa amaprotheni, anenani eliphakeme lezinto eziphilayo (inani lalo landa cishe kabili).
Le ngxenye iqukethe wonke ama-acids abalulekile futhi i-90-95% yondliwe ngumzimba, okugcina iphesenti elingama-25% we-feed egxilwe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwalezi zigxila kunomphumela omuhle empilweni yezilwane, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwandisa umkhiqizo wabo ngo-15-20%.
Zijwayele ngemithetho yokulungiselela ukuphakela kohlobo lwe-hay.
Imvubelo ingenziwa ngamathumba, izindlela ze-bezoparny nezokuvundisa, kodwa kunoma iyiphi yazo imvubelo namanzi afudumele asetshenziselwa, lapho okusanhlamvu kukhathele khona.
Yondla imvubelo
I-Extrusion
Lolu khetho lokudla kwangaphambili lusetshenziselwa ukuthi luphumelele kakhulu, njengoba lunegalelo ekuguquleni okuphawulekayo kwisakhiwo sokusanhlamvu, lushintsha izakhiwo ze-physicochemical zezingxenye zamaphrotheni, isitashi, i-fibre kanye nezinye izakhi.
Okuyinhloko yenkambiso ye-extrusion inomthelela womshini (isibonelo, ukucindezela noma ukuqubuzana) okusanhlamvu, okubonakala ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwawo ngokusebenzisa i-extruder press kanye "nokuqhuma" uma isisindo esixubile sisusiwe emshinini (isizathu siwukuguqulwa kanzima kwengcindezi).
I-Extrusion ikwandisa inani lezinto eziphilayo zokusanhlamvu kwamaprotheni okusanhlamvu, libhubhise ingxenye ye-cellulose kanye ne-starch complexes, iguqule ama-molecule ibe yi-dextrins, ikhulise inani lezakhi zomzimba futhi lifinyeleleke kakhulu kwizilwane.
Izitshalo ezihanjiwe zinomnandi omuhle wesinkwa esibhakiwe kanye nomunambitheka omnandi, ongakwenyuka ekukhiqizeni izilwane zezolimo, futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke, izingulube.
Uyazi? Uma ukholwa yi-archaeologists, khona-ke ukolweni ungenye yamasiko asendulo kunazo zonke emhlabeni wethu. Emuva ngo-1904, ngaphansi kwe-Ashgabat, kwakutholakala okusanhlamvu, okwakuyizinkulungwane eziyisihlanu ezinhlanu ubudala, ngokwezibalo zokuqala.
Ukudliwa kwamadada ukondla ukudla: ividiyo
I-Micronization
Le nqubo ihilela ukuvuvukala kokusanhlamvu nge-flattening, drying kanye nokushintsha isakhiwo se-starch. Kungenzeka ukufezekisa imiphumela efanayo ngokushisa kuhhavini ye-infrared kuya ku-100 ... +120 ° C ngamasekhondi angu-20-40.
Ngenxa yokwehliswa kwamazinga aphezulu okushisa, amaprotheni ayonakalisiwe futhi isakhiwo se-carbohydrate sishintsha, okwenza umphumela ube nomphumela omuhle ezilwaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwemvelo kuvumela ukunciphisa inani lezincane ezincane nge-factor 5-6, futhi uma ukwelashwa kwandiswa kumasekhondi angu-45, ama-bacterium ase-proteolytic ayophela.
Okusho ukuthi, konke okuphakelayo okugxilwe ngokucishe kufinyelele cishe ukuqeda ngokuphelele izinambuzane ze-granary.
Funda indlela yokubhekana ne-weevil yokugada.
I-Micronised Cornflakes
Ukudla okuxubile
Akuzona zonke izinhlobo zokudla okugxilwe kuzo ezifanele izinkukhu, izingulube noma izinkomo, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokuthenga ukwakhiwa okuthile, kuyoba usizo ukuzijwayeza ngezidingo zomkhakha ngamunye wezilwane zasemapulazini.
Izinyoni
Ukusanhlamvu yiyona ingxenye eyinhloko yanoma yikuphi ukudla okugxilisiwe, kodwa isabelo sayo singase sihluke ngokuphelele. Isilinganiso sokudla singabalwa ngokusekelwe kwedatha elandelayo:
Izinkukhu okungcono kakhulu isilinganiso sezingxenye:
- ummbila - u-50% we-mass mass we-feed;
- ukolweni - 15-20%;
- ikhekhe noma ukudla - cishe 20%;
- amanxeba amafutha kanye nomgodi - ama-10% asele.
Kubalulekile! Ngokuyinhloko, zonke izakhi zokulandelela ezidingekayo ezilwaneni (isibonelo, i-zinc noma i-manganese) ziqukethe okusanhlamvu, kuyilapho umthombo oyinhloko wamavithamini kufihlwe ubhontshisi.
Ukondla izinkukhu
Amadada Amanani alandelayo alungile:
- ummbila - 50%;
- okusanhlamvu noma okusanhlamvu kakolweni - 20%;
- oats noma ibhali - cishe 15%;
- i-peas - i-10%;
- bran, ikhekhe noma imvubelo - ayikho ngaphezu kuka-5%.
Funda izici zokudla amadada ekhaya.
Uma ukhula goose kungcono ukugxila kulezi zinamba:
- ummbila - ayikho ngaphezu kwama-20%;
- ukolweni - 15%;
- ibhali - 20%;
- oats - 25%;
- ukolweni wekolweni - 19%;
- usawoti - 1%.
Yazi kahle ukudla okunempilo kwama-goslings kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila.
Ama-turkeys izingxenye zokudla okugxilisiwe kufanele zisakazwe ngalendlela elandelayo:
- ummbila - 35%;
- ibhali - 35%;
- ufulawa (uhlamvu lwemifino noma lwesilwane) - 15%;
- ukolweni - 10%;
- Ukudla kwe-sunflower - 3%;
- i-limestone - 2%.
Funda indlela yokutshala ama-turkeys e-broiler ekhaya.Ngezinye izikhathi kunokwenzeka ukuhlukana kancane kulezi zidingo, kodwa ezimweni eziningi isigaba ngasinye sezilwane ezifuywayo kufanele sithole ukudla ngokulingana nalesi isilinganiso sezakhi.
Izinhlanzi zokudla
Izinkomo
Ukusetshenziswa kokudla okugxilisiwe ekuzaliseni izinkomo kungandisa kakhulu inani lobisi nokudla kwawo okunomsoco, futhi ungakhulumi ngemfanelo ephakeme yokunambitheka yenyama.
Izingxenye zezinyosi zinomphumela omuhle, lapho kunezinhlobo eziningi zamaprotheni, futhi 20-30% (ngesikhathi esithule) futhi kufika ku-60% ngezinkomo ezivame ukukhiqizwa ubisi zibhekwa njengendlela evamile yokusanhlamvu okusetshenzisiwe.
Funda ukuthi izinkomo ezifuywayo kahle.
Izitshalo zingasetshenziswa kokubili ezomile nasembusweni we-mushy, emva kokuxubana ngamanzi. Indawo esele ekugxilweni ingase ithathwe yi-soya, i-alfalfa, ibhali kanye nama-oats.
Ngokuba izingulube
Ngenxa yokwakheka okucebile kokugxila (ikakhulukazi ukuba khona kwamaprotheni kanye nesitashi), ukusetshenziswa kwabo kulungile uma bezalela izingulube ezinenyama zabo zibe zithenda futhi zihlwabusayo.
Kufika kuma-70% okusanhlamvu angabalwa ekudleni kwalezi zilwane ngokuziqhathanisa nezinye izingxenye kule isilinganiso:
- ibhali - 40%;
- ukolweni - 30%;
- oats - 10%;
- ummbila - 10%;
- i-peas - i-10%;
- usawoti - isipuni;
- ukiki namavithamini - ngokuqonda komnikazi.
Funda konke mayelana nokudla izingulube: indlela yokwenza ukudla okuhle kakhulu futhi ukhethe ubuchwepheshe obufanele.
Ngaphambi kokuba unike ingxube enjalo yezingulube, okusanhlamvu, kuyadingeka ukugaya kahle bese ufaka kubo ezinye izingxenye. Ngemuva kokuvuza ama-mash ngamanzi abilayo, kufakwa emahoreni angu-12 alandelayo ngaphambi kokukhonza.
Ukumuncwa kwamakhemikhali uma kwenzeka izingulube kungu-90%, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yamafutha, ungasebenzisa okusanhlamvu kwe-carbohydrate, ubangeze emagqumeni ukuze uthole inyama eningi yethenda. Ukuntuleka kwe-lysine namanye ama-amino acid ku-feed okugxilwe kuyo kungagcwaliswa ngenyama nenyama yethambo kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinsalela zenyama ezixutshwe ne-feed main.
Ngezimbuzi
Ngokungafani nezinkomo, izingulube nezinkukhu, izimbuzi ngokuvamile azidingi ukugxila, okusho ukuthi ukudla okufanayo kuyasetshenziswa njengendlela yokwengeza, normalizing izinga izakhi emzimbeni wabo. Inani elilinganayo lokusanhlamvu kulokhu akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-30%, ngaphandle kwalokho kukhona amathuba ezinkinga zesimiso sezinsikazi zezilwane nokukhuluphala kwazo.
Uma ukondla izimbuzi ngezidlo zabo ngokuvamile kufaka ama-oats, ukudla, ibhali, ummbila, i-okiki kanye ne-bran, kuyilapho izimbuzi zobisi ziphekwa ne-alfalfa hay.
Hlola amathiphu kanye nezincomo zezimbuzi zokuqala, imithetho yokugcina nokondla izimbuzi zobisi.
Ukudla okugxilisiwe kungahlanganiswa nezinhlanganisela zokudla, ngoba okusanhlamvu okomile akuyona into ethakazelisayo izilwane njenge-mash.
Ukwakhiwa okuvumelekile kokudla okunomsoco wezimbuzi kanje:
- okusanhlamvu - 30%;
- oatmeal - 20%;
- bran (mhlawumbe ukolweni) - 22%;
- umhlabathi we-wheat - 9%;
- Ukudla kwe-sunflower - 10%;
- imvubelo - 5%;
- ama-premixes - ama-3%;
- usawoti - 1%.
Ngaphambi kokondla isilwane, zonke izingxenye kufanele zixutshwe kahle futhi ziphikisiwe emanzini abilayo cishe amahora angu-12.
Uyazi? Ubisi lwezimbuzi buxhunywe ngumzimba womuntu ngokushesha kunobisi lwezinkomo, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi abantu abahlukumezekile. Noma kunjalo, cishe u-2/3 wabantu banamuhla abazange bazame lo mkhiqizo nhlobo.
Ngezimvu
Uhlelo lokugaya lezi zilwane ngezindlela eziningi lufana nendawo kanye nezici zezingxenye emzimbeni wembuzi, ngakho-ke akufanele uvame ukusebenzisa ukondla okugxilisiwe. Kule nkinga, izinga lokukhishwa kwabo lilinganiselwa ku-200 g ngomfazi ngamunye kanye no-700 g ngowesilisa ngosuku, futhi ukuze uzuze ibhalansi elinganayo lamaprotheni, i-fiber kanye nama-carbohydrate, ungaxuba ummbila, i-legumes kanye nekhekhe lamafutha.
Izimvu zithanda ikakhulukazi izitshalo, nakuba ukusabalalisa okulandelayo kuzobe kunomsoco:
- oats - 26%;
- ibhali - 25%;
- ukolweni wekolweni - 23%;
- Ukudla kwe-sunflower - 13%;
- imvubelo - 8%;
- i-phosphate engcolile - 3%;
- ama-premixes - 1%;
- usawoti - 1%.
Funda ukuthi ungondla kanjani izimvu ekhaya.
Lezi zingxenye zingathathelwa abanye abanye, into eyinhloko ukuthi zihlala zilingana ezingxenyeni zazo. Ngakho-ke, okunye okunye okufanele kube yikhombi, ubhontshisi, ikhekhe.
Amahhashi
Kuzo zonke izingxenye ezigxilwe kuzo, lezi zilwane zikhetha ama-oats, nganoma yiluphi uhlobo: hay, okusanhlamvu, ukudla, noma ikhekhe lamafutha. Amahhashi angeke alahlekelwe ibhali kanye nokolosi, okungafani nama-oats, okumele ukuthi kuhlanganiswe nokudla okuxubekile.
Inani elidingekayo lokusanhlamvu lithathwa ngesisekelo somsebenzi womzimba kanye nendlela yokuphila yesilwane: i-oats yokusekela nokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwamandla lonke usuku, i-rye kanye nebhali kuyoba ukwengeza okunempilo komunye imikhiqizo, kanti ukolweni kuzoba kufanele uma udinga ukuzithokozisa ngokushesha.
Ihhashi kufanele lithole cishe u-30% wokugxila ngosuku, kodwa lezi zindinganiso zilinganiselwa kakhulu: okuningi kuxhomeke kwisigqi sokuphila kwesilwane ngasinye. Uma kungabikho umthwalo, ukudla okugxilwe ngamaphesenti angama-20% kunokwanele, ngomsebenzi wokukhanya (isibonelo, ukugibela okufushane) - 30%, ngokuhamba kwezinqola nokugqoka - 40%, ngomsebenzi ophakathi - 50%, ngomsebenzi onzima - 60%, ngejubane noma izinhlanga - 70% yesamba sokudla.
Kubalulekile! Особенностью выдачи кормов при кормлении лошадей является необходимость их дробления, поскольку цельные составляющие плохо усваиваются желудком лошадей. Рожь или ячмень желательно запаривать в воде до их разбухания, чтобы исключить возможность появления колик у животных.
Njengendlela eyamukelekayo, amahhashi angalungiswa ngokugcoba okunomsoco, ukuxuba ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo oats ezigayiwe nemvubelo yokudla nokugcwalisa konke ngamanzi abilayo. Ukukhishwa okusheshayo kwenhlanganisela kufanele kuhlile ngokuphelele.
Funda imithetho yokubeletha amahhashi ekhaya.
Njengoba ubona, ukondla okugxile kungaba umsizi omkhulu kumlimi lapho edla noma yiluphi uhlobo lwezilwane zasemakhaya. Into eyinhloko okufanele uyikhumbule yizidingo zesilwane ngasinye kuze kube nenani lezingxenye ezithile, futhi izibalo ezingenhla zizokwazi ukukukhumbuza lokhu.
