Kubonakala sengathi into ekhethekile ingaba ngomnsalo? Ukunambitheka komkhuba nokumnandi, okwenza izinyembezi kunoma yimuphi umama wendlu.
Kodwa kuvela ukuthi kukhona inqwaba yezinhlobonhlobo zemifino, okuyilowo nalowo ongenawo kuphela ukuvuthwa kwayo, kodwa futhi nezimfanelo zayo zokunambitheka nokuphulukisa ezihlukile kwabanye.
Ngakho-ke, uma impilo yakho yonke ikholelwa ukuthi awuthandi anyanisi futhi uhlale uyithatha kulezi zitsha, kufanele usazama ukujwayelana nezinhlobo ezintsha.
Mhlawumbe ezinye zazo zifana nawe.
Futhi ukuze wenze lokhu akudingeki uphephe isikhala se-inthanethi, sazama ukuqoqa zonke izinhlobo ezinhle kunazo zonke esihlokweni esisodwa esinikezwe ngezansi.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi zihluke kanjani phakathi kwazo: izinqubo eziyinhloko
Kulabo abangajwayele lesi sitshalo, umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili ungase ubonakale ungabalulekanga ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, kubalimi abanolwazi nabachwepheshe beCacinary, lezi zinhlobonhlobo zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuze uhlale usesikhathini futhi hhayi abafundi abanolwazi, ake sichaze kafushane izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.
- Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa u-anyanisi wokuvuna kungaba:
- Ekuqaleni (umbhede usezinsukwini ezingekho kwezinsuku ezingu-90).
- Mid-season (izimila zezitshalo zinezinsuku ezingaba ngu-110).
- Izinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi (ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezingaphezu kuka-120).
- Ngokwemvelo ye-branching nenombolo yama-bulb eyenziwe:
- Izinhlobo ezinamabanga aphansi - ngenxa yenkathi yabo ekhulayo, akukho ama-bulb amabili okwakhiwa esidlekeni, nakuba ngokuvamile kaningi.
- Izinhlobo eziphakathi kwezinombolo zingakha ama-amabili kuya kwamathathu.
- Isithembu - labo abakha ama-bulb amahlanu noma ngaphezulu.
- Ngokuba ubukhulu bezithelo ezivuthiwe zokuvuthwa kwezitshalo:
- Okuncane, okulinganisa amagremu angu-50 kuphela.
- Medium - isisindo se-bulb eyodwa singashintsha kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-120 amagremu.
- Ama-Large amakhulu angaphezu kuka-120 amagremu.
- Ukuzikhethela kokunambitheka anyanisi kanye nephunga layo:
- Izinhlobo ezibukhali.
- I-semi-sharp
- Okumnandi
- Ukuze indlela yokulima iphume:
- Izinhlobo ezingakhula ngosizo lwe-sevka nesampula.
- Izinhlobo ezazisakazwa enzalweni yesitshalo sonyaka, kanye nokusebenzisa imbewu.
- Izinhlobo ze-anyanisi ezikwazi ukuzalanisa izitshalo zonyaka kuphela ngenxa yokuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo emhlabathini noma ngosizo lwezithombo.
"Indawo yaseStrigunovsky" - u-anyanisi omnandi kakhulu wezo zonke izinhlobo ezindala
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ezindala ze-anyanisi zivela emvelaphi yaseRussia. Iphatha amamaki abukhali kakhulu, afanele zonke izinhlobo zokucubungula nokusetshenziswa okusha.
Ngokwesigaba sezinhlobonhlobo ze anyanisi, "iStrigunovsky Local" kubhekwa njengento ephansi. Inombolo ye-primordia, enye ibhubhu enayo, ngokuvamile ayidluli 4. Ubukhulu bama-bulb buvame ukuphakama kakhulu, ubujamo bawo buhambisana nezintambo ezincane phezulu nangaphansi, okuyinto ejwayelekile ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi.
Umbala womabili esikhaleni esomile nesomnandi uvame ukukhanya: owokuqala ngokuvamile abe ophuzi ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa, nomthunzi ophuzi noma ompunga wombala wezintambo zale mibala, kodwa ingxenye yamanzi ye-bulb iyimhlophe evamile.
Isici esincane kufanelekileephethe umnsalo "Strigunovsky Local"
- Izinhlobonhlobo zakuqala nezinhlobonhlobo zaku-anyanisi.
- Ubuningi be-anyanisi we "Strigunovsky Local" ufinyelela izinkomba kusuka ku-45 kuya kwangu-80 amagremu.
- Ukuvunwa okuphezulu: ukutshala ngosizo lwe-harness ikuvumela ukuba uqoqe kusuka ku-1 m2 kusuka ku-1.2 kuya ku-3.3 kilograms anyanisi omuhle.
- Izinga elihle kakhulu lokuvuna.
- Ukuvuthwa kwamabhule ngesikhathi sokuvuna ngokuvamile ku-49-97%, izimo zezulu zonyaka zibaluleke kakhulu kulokhu.
Akunakwenzeka ukusho okuthile okungalungile mayelana nalezi zinhlobonhlobo, ngoba uma kuneziningi zazo, lezi zihlukahlukene ngeke zithandwa kakhulu kuze kube namuhla. Yiqiniso, abaningi abayithandi ukunambitheka kwakhe okubukhali.
Phakathi neminyaka, lezi zihlukahlukene ziye zaba kakhulu zoned, ngoba ingakhula ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezindaweni ezipholile nezishisayo. Esikhathini sokuqala, isikhathi esifushane sokuvuthwa salesi anyanisi sibaluleke kakhulu.
Kungatshalwa kokubili ngosizo lwesitshalo (njengesiko seminyaka emibili), nangokuhlwanyela imbewu (njengonyaka).
Iningi le-anyanisi eseningizimu-grade "Golden"
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze anyanisi ngumphumela wokuzalanisa. Yatholwa ososayensi base-Ukraine abawela leli qembu elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo: "Balakleysky", "Valencia", "i-Golden Ball", "i-Krasnodar G-35", "i-Nosovsky 138" ne "Pavlogradsky". Umphumela walowo mzamo wawuwuhlobo oluhle kakhulu phakathi nonyaka.
Enye u-anyanisi yalezi zihlukahlukene ngokuvamile iqukethe amafihlethi amathathu noma amane; nayo inomumo ojikelezayo, nakuba abanye bangase babe nesimo se-elongate-oval.
Kucaca egameni lezinhlobonhlobo ukuthi umbala wezikali zawo eziphezulu ezomile igolide elula (ngaphansi kwezimo ezikhulayo ezihlukene zingaba ziphuzi zegolide ezibomvu futhi ezikhanyayo). Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona ama-buling ane-tinge emnyama. Ingxenye yamanzi ye-bulb inombala omhlophe, okungajwayelekile kakhulu kune-prozelen encane.
Ukunambitheka kwe-anyanisi "Igolide" okubabayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zithela izithelo kahle kakhulu: uma zikhulayo kusuka emgqeni endaweni engama-1 m2, kulula ukuqoqa kusuka ku-2.1 kuya ku-2.4 kilogram yezitshalo, futhi kusuka ku-1.6 ukuya ku-2.6 kusuka emzalweni okhuliswe yiyo imbewu. Amabhule ngokuvamile afinyelela ubukhulu obuphakathi noma obukhulu - cishe amagremu angu-51-130.
Yiziphi eziyinhloko kufanelekile anyanisi "igolide"?
- Umvuno ophezulu wezinhlobonhlobo nokuvuthwa kwawo okuhle ngesikhathi sokuvuna: uma utshalwe ngeSevka, ukhula cishe ngo-100%, futhi ngokuhlwanyela, kusuka ku-75% kuya ku-99%.
- Umnsalo "Igolide" ubhekwa ngokubeka kahle, ukugcina ukubukeka okuhle nokunambitha kuze kube sekuqaleni kwenkathi ezayo yokukhula, ngisho nangaphezulu.
- I-Small, ivumela ukuthola ama-big.
Ngakho-ke, ayikho imikhawulo ekutshalweni kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi egolide. Into okumele uyicabangele isikhathi sokuvuthwaezingavumeli ukuba zikhule lezi ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni ezisenyakatho zaseRussia.
Ababelethi abalethe lezi zinhlobonhlobo anyanisi, batusa ukuba balimi endaweni yeTranscarpathian naseKharkiv izifunda zase-Ukraine. Ngakho-ke, singaphetha ngokuthi ukuhlukahluka kweZolotoy kunomqondo omuhle ngezimo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo, ngakho-ke ngisho naseningizimu yeRussia kuyingozi kakhulu ukuyikhula.
Ihluma njengezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini - ngezinhlamvu nembewu.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukufunda mayelana nokukhula okulula
I-anyanisi enhle kunazo zonke ezihlukahlukene "Exibishn" - injabulo, hhayi izinyembezi
Le anyanisi yafika esifundeni sethu ephuma eHolland, lapho u-anyanisi wethu ohlaziyiweyo ongenayo ithandwa kangaka. Ngendlela, sinalo ukunambitheka okumnandi kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi kubonakala kungekude kakhulu, kepha ngisho nalabo abanezonda u-anyanisi ovamile kanye nokunambitheka kwawo baye bakuthanda.
Izitshalo ezigcwele zemibhede nalezi anyanisi usuphelile kakade ngo-115-120, okungukuthi, lokhu anyanisi kufanele kubhekiswe ekupheleni kwesikhathi. Ngaphandle, ama-bulb ehlukahlukene "e-Exibichen" angahlukaniswa ngombono wabo oval kanye nokuqina okuqinile.
Izikali ezomile zalezi zinhlobonhlobo ngokuvamile zinombala ophuzi, futhi zimanzi - zihlanzekile ngokuphelele. Ukukhiqiza kwawo kuphezulu kakhulu., njengoba ngisho nenqwaba ye-ampu eyodwa, ngokuvamile engawa ngaphansi kwama-gram angu-80, ingabonisa.
Izimfanelo ezinhle i-anyanisi "Umboniso" - ngokufushane mayelana nento enkulu:
- Ikhono lokukhula ama-high-grade bul kusukela imbewu ngenkathi eyodwa kuphela.
- Ukunambitheka okumnandi.
- Ukumelana okuhle kwalezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi ebhukwini ezifweni.
- Ukuvunwa okuphezulu kanye nama-size amakhulu.
Abaningi bethu bajwayele ukuzalela u-anyanisi nge-sevka, kodwa lokhu kuhlukahlukene kuyonyaka futhi, ngokufanele, kuveza kuphela ngosizo lwembewu. Akunconywa nhlobo indlela yokutshala ukuyikhula.
Izitshalo zalezi zinhlobonhlobo zinesikhathi esifushane sokugcina. Mhlawumbe lesi sici sichazwa yinani elikhulu lamashukela ema-bulbs, okuvusa ukubola kwawo.
Naphezu kwesikhathi sokuvuthwa sekwephuzile, lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze anyanisi zingakhula emgwaqeni ophakathi futhi ngisho nenyakatho. Lokhu kunomthelela ekuzinzeni kwawo okuhle nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.
U-anyanisi we-bulb "Aleko" - umhlobiso obomvu wezitsha
Ngokwezikhathi zalo zokuvuthwa, lokhu kuhlukahluka ukuvuthwa okuphakathi, okungukuthi, izimila ezigcwele ziqedwa ngezinsuku ezingaba ngu-90-110.
I-anyanisi "i-Aleko" ibhekwa njengezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala, okusho ukufaneleka kwayo hhayi kuphela ukuthola isivuno esihle sama-bulb, kodwa futhi nenani elikhulu lemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi unombono wokwakheka kwama-bulb, lo-onion uyimmeleli ekhanyayo yezinhlobo ezimbili-ezintathu-izinhlobo ze-varietal ezikwazi ukwakha ama-2-3 amasha kusuka kusethi eyodwa. Kodwa, njengoba kungavamile, ngisho nalokhu, ubukhulu babo buhlala bukhulu kakhulu - ngokwesilinganiso, kusuka ku-90 kuya ku-105 amagremu.
Izici zangaphandle ze-anyanisi "Aleko" zimibala ogqamile wezikali ezomile zangaphandle. Futhi, nakuba ngaphakathi kwalokhu umnsalo mhlophe, unomhlobiso omuhle obomvu obomvu.
Ukuma kwe-lukowitz kuhlanganiswe, kukhulu kakhulu kwesakhiwo. Ukunambitheka kwalokhu anyanisi kusengamnandi kakhulu, ukunikeza izitsha hhayi ukubukeka okuhle nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nesaziso senanambitheka esithakazelisayo.
Izintandokazi anyanisi "Aleko" noma, yiziphi ezihlukahlukene eziyigugu?
- Ukuvunwa okuhle kanye nobukhulu be-bulb enkulu.
- Umbala omuhle kanye nokunambitheka okucebile okucebile.
- Ukufaneleka okuhle anyanisi kwesitoreji eside.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zihlukahlukene cishe azikho amaphutha. Noma kunjalo, ukuphika kwawo izifo ezihlukahlukene kuyisici esincane. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuba unakekele kahle imibhede, futhi uma izibonakaliso zokuqala zezifo zivela, ngokushesha qale ukulwa nazo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-anyanisi zinezindawo ezihloniphekile kwiRejista Yombuso YaseRussia Federation, futhi yenzelwe cishe yonke indawo yayo, ngaphandle kwesifunda saseSiberia. Kodwa-ke, ingatshalwa nakwamanye amazwe angaseningizimu, eduze nogu lolwandle oluMnyama.
Iyakwazi ukwandisa kokubili ngosizo lwe-sevka, nokuhlwanyela imbewu njengesitshalo sonyaka.
Ama-anyanisi aseTimiryazevsky - okudingayo ezindaweni ezibandayo zezulu
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo nazo zinde kakhulu futhi zatholwa ngenxa yezindlela zokuzalanisa. Yakhiwa ngesisekelo se-Rostov onion, eyanikeza uTimiryazevsky ukuzinza okuhle.
Kubuye kube ngenye yezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa zama-anyanisi, okungaziqhayisa izivuno eziphezulu: kusuka endaweni engama-1 m2, kufika ku-3.2 kilogremu isivuno esihle kuvame ukutholakala.
Isici saso esibaluleke kakhulu ubukhona obuncane bama-rudiments (kuphela 2-3), kanye nesting-nesting. Lesi sitshalo sibheke futhi nge-bulb enesisindo esinomsoco, ngesimo esinesisindo esiphezulu futhi sibe nehlumela elincane kakhulu. Ukulinganisa ama-bulb ngokwesilinganiso kusuka ku-49 kuya ku-70 amagremu.
Izici zangaphandle ze-anyanisi aseTimiryazevsky zimi kanje: brown brown (yellow yellow) izikali ezomile eziphezulu, ukuthola i-gray tint eduze kwentamo. Ingxenye yamanzi ye-bulb yalezi zinhlobonhlobo inombala omhlophe.
Izinzuzo anyanisi "Timiryazevsky" phezu kwezinye izinhlobo:
- U-anyanisi unambitha omuhle kakhulu futhi uvuthwe kakhulu.
- Ukuguga ngokuvamile ku-100% uma izitshalo zingalimazwa izimo zezulu ezimbi.
- Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze anyanisi azigcini nje isikhathi eside kuphela, kepha futhi kahle kakhulu. Iphesenti yokuphila ingaba ngu-95%.
Izinhlobonhlobo azikho ukungalungi. Into kuphela ukuthi ingasakazwa kuphela ekhaya kusuka ku-sevkov.
Ngokuzinzile okuhle, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu nokuvuthwa kakhulu, u-anyanisi "Timiryazevsky" kungakhula cishe kuzo zonke izifunda. Ikakhulukazi, eRussia, itholakala esifundeni seVolga, nase-Urals, nangasempumalanga nasentshonalanga yeSiberia eqinile.
U-anyanisi okhulayo: yini ebalulekile kuzo zonke izivande ukuba zikwazi?
- Ngama-anyanisi ase-sevka angakwazi ukuhlala kokubili entwasahlobo, nangokuwa.
- Ukutshala kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo efanele: kufanele kulungiswe kahle ukuze amaqabunga aqine futhi aluhlaza; amanzi angaphansi komhlaba akufanele akhuphukele phezulu.
- Ngaphambi kokutshala, ama-bulbs agcwaliswe ngamanzi afudumele, i-tip ingahlungwa kancane.
- Umhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala u-anyanisi okhuliswe ngendaba ephilayo.
- Uhlelo lokutshala u-anyanisi luzoxhomeka kubukhulu bama-bulbs esizayo nasezingeni eliphansi le-anyanisi noma eli-multi-onion anyanisi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungangeni ngokushesha ekutshaleni, hhayi ukunikeza u-anyanisi umanyolo omningi, kungenjalo ungashintsha umcibisholo futhi umqondo owodwa ongatholakala kuyo kungumuthi omkhulu wemifino entsha.
- Ngosizo lwembewu, u-anyanisi uvame ukukhula kuqala njengezithombo emabhokisini (njalo futhi ngqo ensimini) futhi uma efinyelela usayizi ofanele, zifakelwa kabusha futhi ziphuma emibhedeni.
- Ebusika futhi lapho u-anyanisi utshala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, insimu yonke inconywa ukuba imboze nge-mulch.
Ukunakekela imibhede nge anyanisi
Ngokuvamile, anyanisi ayidingi ukunakekelwa okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, kunezici ezithile ezidingekayo zokunakekelwa, ngaphandle kwalokhu isitshalo ngeke sikwazi ukujabulisa isivuno esigcwele.
Okokuqala, ukuchelela njalo. Ngokuvame ukuthi babanjwe kanye ngesonto, kodwa kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni lomhlabathi nesimo sezulu, lokhu kuvamile kuvame kakhulu, noma ngokuphambene - benza okweqabile.
Njengoba ukuchelela kungenziwa futhi kudliwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umquba wenkukhu noma umquba wenkomo uhlanjululwa emanzini, futhi lesi sombululo sithunyelwa esiteshini. Uma kunesidingo, nokuzala okuphansi kwenhlabathi, kutuswa ukuba usebenzise umquba wamaminerali, isibonelo se-nitrophoska.
Inhlabathi ngaphansi kombhede ngomnsalo kumele ihlungwe njalo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngama-anyanisi e-oksijini adingekayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhula alufisi kakhulu emibhedeni nge anyanisi. Kufanele futhi zisuswe njalo.
Ama-anyanisi asebusika kufanele ahlanganiswe ebusika, ikakhulukazi uma ekhulile ezindaweni ezibandayo.
Uma uthola noma yiziphi izifo ze-anyanisi, izitshalo nenhlabathi kufanele ziphathwe ngezindlela ezikhethekile.
