Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amajikijolo okugcoba emhlabeni jikelele ekuphekeni kanye nezinzuzo ezitholakala ekusebenziseni kwazo ziqinisekisa ukuthi lezi zitshalo ziyaziwa kakhulu. Ukuvuna, okuyinkimbinkimbi nakakhulu ukulimala emineni ehlanganisa amahlumela, kwashukumisela ukuba abalimi bahlakulele izinhlobo ezintsha ze-ugqumugqumu ngameva ambalwa. Enye yalezi zinhlobonhlobo, hhayi ephansi kunambitheka ku-gooseberries evamile, yizo ezihlukahlukene "i-Beryl".
Umlando we-Inference
I-"Beryl" i-ugqumugqumu ibonakala isifo esiyingozi sefungal of the genus Spherotek, okubizwa ngokuthi "i-American powdery isikhutha". Izifiso zabalimi ukuletha izinhlobo ezintsha ngenxa yokuwela izinhlobo zaseYurophu naseMelika eziphikisana nezifo zefungal, zenziwa yimpumelelo.
Umsebenzi omkhulu waqala ngo-1934-1950 ngumcwaningi womfuyi nomphambili e-Chelyabinsk Fruit kanye neSitroble Station. I. V. Michurin Alexei Pavlovich Gubenko. Umphumela walo msebenzi yizinhlobonhlobo ezintsha ze-ugqumugqumu okuthiwa "Ohluphekile-Lame" no- "Chelyabinsk Green", ngokubandakanyeka ukuthi yiziphi ezinye iziphambano ezenziwa.
Kubalulekile! Izinhlobonhlobo "i-Beryl" zizakhela futhi azidingi impova yokunye eyengeziwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvunwa okuphezulu.
Kusukela ngo-1971, ukusebenza ekuzaleni izinhlobo ezintsha kwaqhubeka usosayensi-umfuyi for izitshalo berry Vladimir Sergeevich Ilyin.
Sincoma ukuthi sijwayelane nezinhlobonhlobo ezithandwayo kakhulu zokugcoba kanye nezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ngaphandle kwamameva.
Ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, izinhlobo ezinjalo zokugcoba i-"Harlequin", "Beryl", "iDessert", "Emerald", "uMlawuli", "iSenator", "Ural emerald", "Ural gem", "Fantasy" nezinye zabanjwa. Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Beryl kufakiwe kwiRejista Yombuso Yokufeza Okuzalisayo kusukela ngo-1998.
Incazelo kanye nezici
Ugqumugqumu "I-Beryl" - uhlobo lwe-susteral shrub isitshalo somndeni we-junjabulo we-Currant yenhlobo. Izici zayo eziphilayo zivezwe eziciweni zamahlathi kanye namajikijolo. 
Shrub
Isihlahla sokuphakama okuphakathi, sifinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-1-1.2, sisakazeka, sinyene:
- Amahlumela - obukhulu obuphakathi, obuyi-cylindrical, egobile nge-flexible overhanging top;
- Amagatsha ase-lateral aphindwe kathathu, ingxenye engezansi yabantu abavuthiwe kakhulu ihlanganiswe nezinhloli;
- amagxolo ombala omnyama omnyama nge-anthocyanin shades (grey, obomvu, okwesibhakabhaka, i-violet, njll), isici semibandela ehlukene yokuvuthwa;
- ama-spikes - abuthakathaka, abangashadile, abalingani, okulandelanayo ekuqondiseni ukukhula;
- amaqabunga ahlaza, amancane, athambile, ahlangene, ahlangene, aphethwe ngamalitha amathathu noma amahlanu ngokusikeka okujulile, awunayo i-pubescence;
- efihlekile - okuncane, okwenziwe nge-oval shape, kunokwehlukana kusuka ekudubula;
- izimbali zinkulu futhi zinamandla, zineziqhwa ezibomvu ezibomvu noma ezibomvu, ezihlangene, ezibekwe ngababili ku-inflorescence.
Hlola izinhlobo zezinambuzane ezikhulayo ezifana ne "Spring", "Honey", "Krasnoslavyansky", "Consul", "Grushenka", "Malachite", "Komandor", "Kolobok".
Amajikijolo
Izithelo zejubane zikhulu amajikijolo amakhulu, eyodwa-dimensional, enesisindo esingaba ngu-3.9 kuya ku-9.2 amagremu.
Amajikijolo afana nencazelo enjalo yemvelo:
- ukuma - kuhlanganiswe;
- umbala - oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngokuphambene nemisipha ye-longitudinal;
- isikhumba sincane, sinamandla, ngaphandle kwe-pubescence;
- i-pulp iyamanzi;
- ukunambitha - okumnandi nomuncu.
Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali amagremu ayi-100 engxenyeni edlalwayo imelwe okuqukethwe:
- amaprotheni - 0.88 g;
- amanoni 0.58 g;
- ama-carbohydrate - 10.18 g;
- i-fiber yokudla - 4.3 g;
- amanzi - 87.87 g.
Uyazi? E-Soviet Union, ukutshalwa kwe-gooseberries kwakubhekwa njengokungabonakali, futhi ukusabalalisa kwayo okubanzi kwavinjelwa, esikhundleni salo nge-currants emnyama.
Ezinye izici ezihlukahlukene
Izici ezihlukahlukene "i-Beryl" zikhonjiswe ngezici ezinjengokuphikiswa kwezifo, isomiso nokumelana nesithwathwa, isivuno kanye nesikhathi sokuvuthwa, izinga lokuthutha, ukusetshenziswa kwamajikijolo ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi.
Izifo nokuphikiswa kwezinambuzane
Izinhlobonhlobo "i-Beryl" ekulweni nezifo eziningi nezinambuzane, kodwa ngokunakekelwa okungalungile kwesitshalo, amathuba okulimala ahlala phezulu. 
Uyazi? Ukugcoba ngenxa yezinto ezakhiwa ngamakhemikhali kuyasiza ekusetshenzisweni kwabantu abanezifo ezixilongwa ze-cardiovascular system, izinso, i-anemia, kanye ne-beriberi.
Kukhona amathuba aphezulu we-powdery mildew (spherotek) ne-downy isikhutha (i-peronosporoz). Lezi zifo ezifayo zivimbela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo, ngemuva kwalokho ngaphandle kokwelashwa okufanele okuholela ekufeni kwayo. 
I-Sphereoteka Izimpawu zokugula - ukubonakala kwamachashazi emahlumela kanye namaqabunga esihlahla, okukhula kancane kancane, ukumboza isihlahla ngeqhwa elikhulu, ngenxa yalokho amaqabunga asomile futhi awe.
Kubalulekile! Isihlahla se-Pest asivamile ukuthinteka.
Kulezi zinambuzane, ukuhlaselwa okungase kube yi-sawfly enamaphiko noma ama-sawfly aphuzi. Izimpungushe zalezi zinambuzane (amacimbi) zivela emaqanda abeka ama-butterflies ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo futhi adle izingxenye ezithambile zamaqabunga, ezibhubhisa ngokuphelele zonke izingxenye eziluhlaza zalesi sitshalo.
Thola ukuthi yiziphi ezinye izifo nezinambuzane ezithinta i-gooseberries nokuthi ungabhekana kanjani nazo.
I-Pale Legged Sawfly 
Ukusikhilika okuphuzi sawfly
Ukumelana nesomiso kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa
Ugqumugqumu alubekezeli amanzi, kodwa luphikisana kakhulu nesomiso. Ukukhula ezindaweni zokulima, akudingi ukuchelela okuvamile, kodwa akukafaneli ukuvumela ukungabi nesikhathi eside kokuswakama kwesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ngokuqondene nokumelene kwama-frost, ukuhlukahluka kwe-Beryl akudingi indawo yokukhosela ebusika futhi uyakwazi ukumelana namazinga aphansi asezingeni eliphezulu -38 ° C.
Isikhathi sokuvuna nokukhiqiza
"I-Beryl" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zezinkathi zonyaka, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo kwenzeka phakathi nehlobo: isivuno sokuqala singavuna phakathi noJulayi. Ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobonhlobo kuphakeme - isihlahla esisodwa sikwazi ukukhiqiza ama-5 kuya ku-10 kilogram amajikijolo ngesizini ngasinye.
Ukuthutha
Esigabeni sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe (okungukuthi, kancane okungavuthiwe), amajikijolo agcina ubumnandi bawo izinsuku ezintathu futhi kalula athuthwa. Lapho sifinyelela ekuvuthweni okukhishwayo (ukuvuthwa okugcwele), ukuthuthwa kwamajikijolo kunciphise kakhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukuthutha amabanga amade.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamajikijolo
Ugqumugqumu ibheji elivamile elisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yomsebenzi wesintu. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali abo okucebile kanye nezakhi zokwelapha kuhlinzeka uhlelo lokusebenza kwimithi yendabuko njengengxenye eyinhloko yezindlela zokupheka ezivela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene.
Futhi, izakhiwo zamajikijolo zisungulwe kahle kwi-cosmetology, ikakhulukazi, ekwakhiweni kwamaski, ama-scrubs, ama-cream nama-lotions. Izithelo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu kunawo wonke ekuphekeni.
Ngesisekelo samajikijolo kungenzeka ukukhiqiza:
- iziphuzo ezidakayo - ama-liqueurs nama-liqueurs;
- ama-marinades ekusetshenzisweni okwengeziwe kwenyama;
- ama-sauces azo zonke izinhlobo zenyama izitsha;
- i-dessert - i-compotes, igcina, i-jams, i-confitures;
- izithelo omisiwe.
Ngokuqinisekile uyoba nesithakazelo ekufundeni mayelana nokwenza iwayini elenziwe ngokuzenzela, i-sauce, i-jam ne-jam jamu, kanye nokuthi ungayiphuza kanjani i-gooseberries ekhaya.
Naphezu kokusetshenziswa okunjalo kwe-ugqumugqumu, kwabanye abantu, ukusebenzisa amajikijolo kungabangela izinkinga phakathi kwezifo ezinjalo:
- isifo sikashukela;
- izifo ezingapheli nezivuvukala kanye nezifo ze-ulcerative zenqamula emathunjini;
- izinso nezinambuzane ze-urinary.
Kubalulekile! Ukuba khona kwezifo ezingapheli kudinga ukubonisana nodokotela ngaphambi kokulingana okulinganayo kanye nezinhlobo zokusetshenziswa kwesithelo se-ugqumugqumu.
Indlela yokukhetha izithombo uma uthenga
Ukukhula okuhle nokuthuthukiswa kwesitshalo, isivuno saso sesikhathi esizayo sincike ekukhethweni okulungile kwezithombo. Okuthandayo kunganikezwa kokubili izithombo ezinezimpande ezivulekile, futhi isitsha sikhula.
Ividiyo: indlela yokukhetha izithombo ze-ugqumugqumu Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezivulekile kufanele zibe okungenani ezineminyaka emibili ubudala futhi zibe namahlumela ama-2-3 aqinile afinyelele ubude obungenani ama-20 cm. Amafihla ama-axillary kufanele akhuliswe, kodwa engakaqedwa, amahlamvu avunyelwe kuphela kumacebiso amahlumela.
Uhlelo lwempande lwama-saplings kumele lukhuliswe ngempela, lignified, olumanzi. Ngokusho kokuhlola okubukwayo, amagxolo kanye namahlumela esitshalo akufanele abonakaliswe noma abonise noma yisiphi isifo.
Izitshalo ezinezimpande ezivaliwe zingenayo iminyaka ethile yokudayiswa. Kumelwe zikhule kahle futhi ziqhekeke ngokuphelele, ubukhulu bamahlumela ngesikhathi esifanayo zingafinyelela ku-40-50 cm. Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lugcwalise isitsha bese luhlanganisa i-clod enobumba obumba.
Ekuthuthukiseni iziqukathi, ukuthungwa okunempilo nokunamandla kumele kunikeze inani eliphakeme lezimpande ezincane ezimhlophe, ezizobonakala lapho zitshala izitshalo. Ngokuhlola okubukwayo, amagxolo namahlumela esitshalo akufanele abe nemonakalo noma izimpawu zesifo. 
Uyazi? Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaPeter I, amaNtaliyane, afika eRussia, abiza ngokuthi "ugilebhisi osenyakatho" lokunambitheka kanye ne-juiciness yesithelo.
Izithombo zokupheka ugqumugqabhe zingathengwa emakethe, esikhungweni segadi noma esitolo se-intanethi.
Izimo ezikhulayo
Ukugcoba akusiyo izitshalo ezinganaki futhi kudinga izimo ezithile zokukhula. I-"beryl" ye-ugqumugqumu akuyona into ekhethekile mayelana nokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi: inhlabathi ye-loamy, isihlabathi nesihlabathi esinezinga elilinganiselwe le-pH kufanelekile ukutshala nokukhula.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde ngokuzimela ngokucophelela ubuhle be-asidi enhlabathini kusayithi, kanye nendlela yokucosa inhlabathi.
Inhlabathi enomhlabathi ayifanele ukulima; ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, ukwehla kokuqala kwe-asidi ngokungeza ufulawa wama dolomite kunconywa. Kuncike ekubunjweni kwenhlabathi, ugqumugqumu udinga ukusetshenziswa ngezikhathi ezithile zomquba eziphilayo nezimbiwa. 
Awuyithandi amanzi angaphansi kwamanzi ahlanzekile, njengokungathi umswakama owedlulele uzovusa ukubonakala kwezifo ezifayo kwisitshalo. "I-Beryl" ikhethe kakhulu ngokukhanyisa futhi ikhetha ukukhula ezindaweni ezikhanyayo, ivikelekile emoyeni.
Isikhathi nesikimu sokufika
Okududuzayo nge-gooseberries ekhulayo yimigqa yezihlahla ezikhulayo ezindaweni ezibandayo nezisenyakatho - lokhu kuzosiza ekubunjweni kwe-penumbra eyamukelekile ehlathini futhi kuyoba khona indawo yokukhosela kusuka kwirejista.
Ngenkathi evamile yokukhula, isikhathi esihle sokutshala isithombo kungukuqala kwekwindla (ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba). Kusasele isikhathi esiningi ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala, esizovumela ukuba isithombo siphume kahle ngaphambi kwesikhathi sebusika.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ufike endaweni kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa ebusuku aliwi ngaphansi kwe-5ºС-10ºС.
Ukuze uqinisekise ibanga elanele lokwakhiwa kwelanga esizayo, izimbobo zokufika akufanele zisondele kunamamitha ayi-1.5. Ububanzi nobubanzi bezimbobo zokufika kufanele kube okungenani ama-50 cm ububanzi nokujula. Kubalulekile ukuthi leli banga libe ngu-5 cm elikhulu kunomthamo wesistimu yezimpande noma i-transshipment lump.
Lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi i-ugqumugqumu ingabumba izinqubo ezengeziwe zomsindo wezimpande, okwenzeka ngesikhathi sasebusika ngaphandle kwekhava lomhlabathi lingabisa.
Izimbiza ezilungiselelwe kufanele zikhuliswe ngokufaka ungqimba lwe-humus oluxubene nomquba kanye nesihlabathi kuze kube phansi. Ukuze uthole ukuqhuma okuhle, kungaba kuhle ukufaka umquba wamaminerali phansi (isibonelo, ama-gramu angu-30 we-superphosphate nama-20 amagremu we-potassium phosphate).
Ukutshala kuqhutshwa ukubeka ngokucacile ukutshala kwenzalo emgodini wokutshala ngokusatshalaliswa ngokucophelela kwesistimu yempande ngezansi. I-sapling ihlanganiswe nenhlabathi, ihlale ichitheka uphahla ngalunye ukuze i-voids ingayakhi futhi umhlaba uvalwe uhlelo oluyisisekelo.
Ividiyo: indlela yokutshala i-gooseberries Emva kokutshala, kufanelekile ukusika kancane, ushiye ama-4-5 amahlumela okukhula egatsheni ngalinye. Ekupheleni kwesithombo, kubalulekile ukuchitha amanzi angu-1 ngaphezulu futhi emva kokuba umswakama ubanjwe ngokugcwele, isayithi lokufika kufanele lihlanganiswe namahlamvu alahlekile, u-hay noma i-sawdust.
Izinsisekelo zokunakekelwa kwonyaka
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe okuhle nokuvuna okukhulu, lesi sitshalo sidinga ukunakekelwa, okuhlanganisa ukuchelela ngezikhathi ezithile, ukunakekelwa kwenhlabathi kanye nokukhulelwa okufika ngesikhathi, kanye nokusika izihlahla zonyaka, okunikeza amandla okugcoba ukuze usinde ebusika ebusika.
Ukunisela
Ihlobo elifudumele nelishisayo ludinga umswakama owengeziwe wendawo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi ezikhulayo ezifana nezimbali, izithelo nezitshalo zokuvuthwa zidinga.
Kubalulekile! Amaviki amabili ngaphambi kokuvuna, ukuchelela okuvame kakhulu nokuvame ukugwema, njengoba ukunambitheka kanye nekhwalithi lamajikijolo kunciphisa kusuka kumswakama okweqile.
Kuyadingeka ukuba uchithe okungenani kanye ngesonto, futhi akusifisi ukukhipha amahlumela namaqabunga. Ukunisela kwenziwa kuphela kumbuthano oseduze eduze nenani lebhakede elilodwa ehlathini ngalinye. Uma ihlobo lihambisana nezimvula eziningi, ukuchelela okwengeziwe akudingeki.
Ukunakekelwa komhlabathi
Ukuvimbela isifo, ukuvela kwezinambuzane nokuqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kwehlathi kungakunakekela kahle umhlaba.
Libhekisela ezenzweni ezinjalo:
- inhlabathi ivusa - lo mcimbi kumele wenziwe kabili ngenyanga ngokunyakaza ngokucophelela ukuze ugweme ukulimala ohlelweni lwempande;
- ukususwa kokhula - kuyadingeka ukukwenza kanye nokukhululeka;
- i-mulching - Isenzo kufanele senziwe ngemuva kokunisela ngamunye ukugcina umswakama emhlabathini.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi sokugqoka okuphezulu kuzogcwalisa inhlabathi izakhi ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni i-gooseberry. Ukudla konyaka kufanele kwenziwe ngonyaka ngokulandelana okulandelayo:
- Ekuseni kwentwasahlobo humus uletha ngaphansi shrub njengoba umquba.
- Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, amaminerali (ngesimo se-ammonium nitrate engama-20 g ngalinye nge-1 sq. M) noma umquba we-nitrogen ophilayo (ngendlela ye-bird droppings noma umquba, kufanele wengezwe enhlabathini esivumelwaneni esiseduze njengamanzi izinsuku ezimbalwa).
- Ekupheleni kukaJune, lapho izimbali zezihlahla zizobe seziphelile, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa umquba we-phosphorus-potassium (i-superphosphate noma i-potassium phosphate) ngesamba esingu-20 g nge-1 sq. m. ukwakheka okuhle kwama-ovari.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuvunwa okuphezulu esikhathini esizayo, akunakwenzeka ukushiya izinsalela zokuvunwa kwamanje emagatsheni esihlahla.
- Engxenyeni yokuqala kaJulayi, inhlabathi ye-ugqumugqumu ingathululelwa izikhathi eziningana nge-nitrogen-magnesium umanyolo (i-magnesium nitrate) ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezithelo (okungenani u-20 g ngalinye nge-10 l amanzi).
- Esikhathini sokuqala sekwindla, isihlahla kumele sikhuliswe ngamagremu angu-30 we-superphosphate nama-gramu angu-20 we-potassium phosphate ukuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokuqina kobusika.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngokuhambisana nalesi sikimu kuzokwenza izimo ezikhululekile kakhulu ze-fruiting emihle.
Ukudubula
Izihlahla zonyaka zizosiza ukugwema ukukhukhulwa ngokweqile kwezihlahla futhi unike isimo esifanele. Wonke amahlumela aso obuthakathaka, amagatsha aphukile, kanye nalabo abanezibonakaliso ezincane zesifo bangasuswa.
Sincoma ukuthi uzijwayeze ngezindlela zokusika i-gooseberries, kanye nokuthi ungayinqamula nini i-gooseberries ekwindla.
Ukusika kungenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kufike ihlumela, noma ekwindla ngasekupheleni, ukusika izigaxa ezimbili / 3 kuzo zonke amagatsha endala enhlabathini. Umcimbi onjalo uzovuselela isihlahla futhi unikeze ukuphila amahlumela amasha aqinile.
Ividiyo: Ukusika izihlahla
Ukuvikelwa kwamazinga ebusika
Ukuvikela isitshalo ekuqhenqeni kuzosiza izinyathelo ezilula. Ukulungiselela kufanele kuqale ekwindla, lapho izinga lokushisa lansuku zonke liwela ngaphansi kwe-0 ° C.
Esigabeni sokuqala, inhlabathi engaphansi kwehlathini idinga ukuchithwa ngamabhakede amanzi ama-5-6 ukuze unikeze umswakama ongaphansi kwebusika. Esigabeni esilandelayo, amagatsha esihlahla kufanele aguqe phansi futhi agcinwe ngamaphegi, kuyilapho kubalulekile ukuthi amagatsha awaqedi phansi.
Isinyathelo sesithathu ukuguqula umhlabathi oseduze naleso sitshalo: ungqimba lwe-mulch akufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-7 cm. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya liwela ngaphansi kwe-15 ° C, ungqimba lungakhuphuka libe ngu-20 cm. Uma kukhona iqhwa engqungqutheni engadini, i-ugqumugqumu ingafudumala ngendlala enkulu, uyifafaze phezulu .
Kubalulekile! Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwangaphambi kwezinso kanye nokuqhwaba okulandelayo ngemva kwamaqhwa asekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, zonke izindawo zokuhlala kufanele zisuswe.
Izinzuzo nezinsalela ezihlukahlukene
Ugqumugqumu "I-Beryl" inezinzuzo nezinkinga zayo.
Izinzuzo ezihlukahlukene zihlanganisa:
- ukuphikiswa kwesithwathwa;
- isivuno esikhulu;
- izithelo ezinkulu;
- ukunambitheka okukhulu kwesithelo.
- ukumelana okuphansi kwezifo ezinjenge-powdery isikhutha, isikhwama se-downy;
- ukukwazi ukuhlaselwa yizinambuzane ezifana ne-sawfly enezinyawo ezinamabala nobuhle be-sawfly.
Ugqumugqumu ibheji ethandwayo, elizuzisa kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-ugqumugqumu "I-Beryl" inezinzuzo eziningi uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye futhi isitshalo esingenasiphelo esimweni. 
Ubukhulu obukhulu nokunambitheka okukhulu kwamajikijolo kunikezela lezi zihlukahlukene ngokuthandwa kakhulu.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamajikijolo ejusiwe kuhlukahluka futhi kunokwenzeka emazingeni ahlukene emisebenzi yabantu.
Ukubuyekeza okuvela kwinethiwekhi
