I-Nematodes iphakathi kwezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu neziyingozi. Akugcini nje ukuholela ezifweni, ukufa kwezitshalo, kodwa futhi kungabangela ukulimala empilweni yabantu, izilwane. Kulesi sihloko sizobuka izinhlobo ze-nematodes nokuthi yikuphi, kanye nokunikeza izincomo eziyisisekelo mayelana nokulwa nematode engadini.
Kubonakala sengathi i-nematode ibukeka kanjani
Okokuqala, cabanga ukuthi yiziphi i-nematodes nokuthi yini i-nematode ebukeka ngayo. Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 zalezi zinambuzane. Ezinye zazo ziyi-parasitic ezitshalweni, ezinye zithinta isilwane sezilwane, zikhona lezo eziyingozi kubantu. Kulesi sihloko sizogxila kwi-nematodes yezitshalo. Zondla uketshezi kwezitshalo, ekugcineni ziholele ekunciphiseni emsebenzini wabo obalulekile nokufa.
Lezi yizibungu ezincane kakhulu ezilingana nosayizi kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-2 mm. Abantu abesilisa badlula isikhathi eside kunabesifazane. Ukuma kungasungulwa, i-oval, i-filiform. Emaphethelweni we-torso kancane kancane. Lezi zinambuzane nazo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-roundworms, ngoba esigabeni esiphambene isimo somzimba wabo sifana nesiyingi. 
I-Nematodes imhlophe noma i-beige. Isici sesakhiwo se-nematodes yisikhwama se-muscular-dermal. Umzimba uboshwe nge-cuticle enamandla kakhulu, engabhekwa noma ebushelelezi, ehlanganiswe ne-epithelium evela phezulu. Ngaphansi kwesikhumba kukhona imisipha ye-longitudinal. Ama-parasites anenhloko encane enezindebe ezihambayo. Kukhona ama-crystal on it, esebenza njengezitho zokuthinta, futhi amehlo amancane.
I-Nematode amaqanda ayindilinga noma i-oval. Umbala ubumhlophe. I-Larva ikhula phakathi kwabo, emhlophe ngenye yangemuva yomzimba.
Uyazi? I-Nematodes inezici zengqondo ezithuthukile kakhulu, ikakhulukazi umuzwa wokuhogela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazwela ilanga futhi bazama njalo ukugcina amakhanda abo ekuqondeni kwemisebe yawo. Izinsuku ezishisayo zihle kakhulu ekukhiqizeni kwe-nematodes.
Izinhlobo ze-Nematode ngencazelo
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ze-nematodes yezitshalo:
- amaqabunga;
- i-stem;
- impande.
Ishidi (sitrobheli) i-nematode
I-leaf nematode ine-shape body shape. Ekude, izimpethu ze-nematode zifinyelela ku-1 mm. Yiba nombala we-beige. Zitholakala emaqabungeni lapho zingena khona emonakalweni epulazini leqabunga noma ngamapulazi ezingxenyeni zazo eziphansi.
Izimpawu zokulimala kwezitshalo ngama-parasites yizi:
- ukubonakala kwamabala asundu emaqabunga omumo ongavamile;
- amaqabunga ama-curl, ancipha amandla, alahlekelwe umbala wabo;
- ama-scapes avule;
- ukukhula kwesitshalo kunciphisa;
- amafihlethi ashintshwe amabala asundu;
- plate plate encane;
- isivuno siyancipha kakhulu:
- Amabala aqhakazelisayo akhiwa engxenyeni engezansi yamaqabunga, okugcina ekutholeni umbala obomvu obomvu.
Kubalulekile! Ama-nematodes we-Leaf afe lapho evezwa enhlabathini engenalutho. Kodwa-ke, uma bekhona emaqabungeni awile, qhubeka uhlalisa, ubeletha futhi uhambela kwezinye izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvimbela nokulawula, kubalulekile ukususa amaqabunga awile esakhiweni njalo.I-susceptible most susceptible to parasites izitshalo ezifana nalezi:
- ama-strawberries;
- i-chrysanthemum;
- nephrolepis;
- i-carnation;
- i-aster;
- dahlia;
- i-orchid;
- i-crassula.
Stem Nematode
Ama-nematodes we-stem anefomu elinesimo somzimba, efinyelela ubude be-1 mm. I-parasitic ngeziqu, iziqu, izimbali zezitshalo. Osesiswini ungene nge-rhizome yezitshalo. Umonakalo wesiko nama-stemworms ubonakala yizimpawu ezilandelayo:
- amahlumela asaye akhule;
- ziqubuzela, zilahlekelwe umbala wazo;
- ifihlekile iphendukile, yome;
- ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sitshalo soma futhi sifa.
Naphezu kokuthi izinambuzane zithanda umswakama, izimpethu zingakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi wazo obalulekile, ngisho nokuhlala isikhathi eside emaqabunga omile nezilinganiso zezitshalo. Spread nge amadevu anegciwane, ama-bulb, izilimo eziyizigaxa, ama-cuttings, okungeke kwenzeke kakhulu ngembewu noma inhlabathi engcolile.Izitshalo ezifana ne-parsley, anyanisi, u-garlic, utamatisi, ama-radishes, namakhukhamba ziyakwazi ukuthola lezi zinambuzane.
Uyazi? Isikhathi sokuphila sezibungu singafinyelela eminyakeni engaba ngu-2.
Umsuka (gallic) wematode
I-nematode yempande iyona enkulu kunazo zonke futhi ifinyelela ubude obu-2 mm. Kusukela ezinhlobonhlobo zangaphambilini futhi kuyahluka ngoba kuthinta isimiso sezinzwa zezitshalo. Ihambisa izitshalo kwi-rhizome, yenza izibonakaliso kuzo - ama-galls.
Izitshalo ezithintekayo yi-nematode yenhlabathi kancane kancane ziphela, ziphoqeleka futhi ziyeke ukukhula. Amahlamvu aphikisiwe. Izimpande zitholakala ngezansi kweGauls, asisathuthuki futhi ziyafa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, impande yesilevu (izimpande ezincane ezinjengezintambo) iqala ukukhula kakhulu. Lezi zimpande azibandakanyi ekukhuleni kwesiko, kodwa kuphela ezikhipha izakhi ezivela kubo.
Kubalulekile! Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-nematode galls kanye nokwehla kwemvelo emithonjeni yezitshalo ezithile, lapho umswakama uhlala khona. Lezi zinsuku zinombala omhlophe, kanti ama-galls aphuzi noma anombala.I-Gall nematodes isakazwa ngumhlabathi ongcolile, izinsalela zezimpande, imbewu, ama-bulb, amathuluzi, kusuka ezitshalweni eziseduze. Ama-Chrysanthemums, izitshalo zenjoloba, i-dracaena, i-begonias, iminduze, i-aloe yithinteka kakhulu kulezi zinambuzane.
Kuyingozi futhi kanjani ukuthola i-nematode engadini
I-Nematodes yizinambuzane eziyingozi kakhulu, ziphindaphinda ngokushesha ezitshalweni zibenza zife. Ama-parasites, ukungena ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, ukondla ijusi lawo futhi uthathe zonke izakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekusebenzeni okubalulekile, i-nematodes ihlanganisa izinto ezinobuthi ezinobuthi obunobuthi futhi ziholele ekukhuleni okunamandla kwezitshalo neziqu ze-petioles. Izimila ezihlushwa ama-nematode zilahlekelwa umbala wazo, zibukeke zilukhuni futhi ziphelile, ukubola futhi isivuno sabo sinciphise kakhulu.
Kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ama-nematodes ngoba amancane kakhulu. I-leaf ne-stem nematodes ingabonakala kuphela ngokuhlola amaqabunga, amaqabunga futhi avela ngeglasi elikhazimulayo. Ama-parasites omsuka angatholakala ngokumba isitshalo. Bazenza ukubunjwa kwezidumbu ezinsundu ezimpandeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho isitshalo sisusiwe emhlabathini, izimboni ezincane zobumba ziyovela ezimpandeni. Uma uthatha inhlama enjalo bese uyidlulisa ngamanzi afudumele, izimpethu zizophuma.
Kubalulekile! I-Nematodes ingabangela ukucasuka nokuphendula okweqile esikhumbeni, ngakho-ke sebenzisa nesitshalo kumele kwenziwe ngeglavu.
Indlela yokulwa nematode
I-Nematodes inzima kakhulu ukulwa. Uma isitshalo sithinteka kakhulu, kungcono ukuyilahlekela ukuze izinambuzane zingadluli kwelinye isiko. Iziphazamisi zingalawulwa yizindlela ezilandelayo:
- amakhemikhali;
- ama-biological agents;
- ukwelashwa okushisa.
- "Dimethoat";
- "Bi-58";
- Rogor;
- "Vidat";
- Nemafos.
Amakhemikhali wezinto eziphilayo azungeze ukuthi ayinobuthi ezitshalweni nakubantu, angazilimazi. Isithako sabo esisebenzayo yizithako zemvelo. Omunye wamalungiselelo asebenzayo kakhulu e-Biological Nematophagin. Wonke amalungiselelo kufanele ahlanjululwe, ngokulandela iziyalezo, ukuze angalimazi izitshalo futhi angashiseli.
Uma unesithakazelo ezindleleni eziningi zokususa ama-nematodes emhlabathini, kufanele uzame ukwelashwa ukushisa kwesistimu. Ukwenza lokhu, isitshalo kumele sisuswe emhlabathini. Izimpande, ezakha amaGauls, zingaqedwa ngokucophelela. Kodwa-ke, uma kunezimpande ezinjalo, kuphela ezilimazayo kakhulu okufanele zisuswe. Uma ususa inombolo enkulu yezimpande, isitshalo kungenzeka singasinda. Khona-ke i-rhizome kufanele ihliswe imizuzu emihlanu emanzini ngokushisa kwama-+50 degrees. Uma izinga lokushisa livela ku-45 kuya ku-50 degrees - isikhathi "sokugeza" kufanele sandiswe kumaminithi angu-10-15.
Ngemuva kokuthi izitshalo zokunakekelwa kwamanzi zidinga ukutshala ezweni elisha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunconywa ukuba wengeze isidakamizwa esincane sokulwa nesibalo emhlabathini. Inhlabathi kufanele ibe yinto evulekile, ukuze ifakwe kahle emoyeni hhayi amanzi anele. Ngenxa yalokhu, inhlabathi ingaxubaniswa nesihlabathi esincane noma i-peat. Ukwelashwa okushisayo kubuye kulungele ukulawula leli qabunga bese kutholakala nematode. Amaqabunga anegciwane asusiwe, izitshalo zihlanjululwa ngamanzi ashisayo bese zifakelwa zibe substrate entsha.
Uyazi? I-Nematodes ayibekezelele amazinga okushisa angaphezu kwama-40 degrees. Izibungu ziphikisa futhi zifa kuphela ekushiseni kwama-50-55 degrees.
Indlela yokukhipha ama-nematodes: ukuvimbela
Njengoba kunzima ukukhipha ama-nematodes, kungcono ukunakekela izinyathelo zokuvimbela. Lezi zenzo zifaka okulandelayo:
- ukusula okwesikhashana isayithi kusuka kokhula;
- ukuhlanza amaqabunga awa;
- ukuqothula amaqabunga aphuzi ngezikhathi ezithile;
- ukuguquguquka ngezikhathi ezithile kwamasiko ezindaweni, ngenkathi kugcina imithetho yokujikeleza kwamasiko;
- inhlabathi evamile ivusa;
- akukho manzi;
- ukumba umhlaba ekuwa;
- sebenzisa kuphela impahla yokutshala enempilo.
Kubalulekile! Uma izitshalo zithintekile futhi wazikhipha, kufanele nakanjani ushise konke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izinambuzane zizohambisa kwesinye isisulu.Manje uyazi ukuthi yiziphi i-nematodes, futhi lokhu kuzokusiza ekunakekeleni izingadi, ingadi nezitshalo zasendlini. Izinambuzane zikhula ngokushesha, futhi lokhu kuzoholela ekufeni kwesitshalo. Uma i-nematodes engatholakali ngesikhathi - isitshalo asisindisi.
