Ukukhetha inkomo, abalimi bemfuyo bavame ukukhetha inzalo yaseDutch, futhi ngenxa yesizathu esihle. Lezi zilwane zingaziqhayisa phakathi kwezinye izilwane ngesikhathi esisodwa ngezinqubo eziningana: umkhiqizo, iminyaka yobudala nokusabalalisa. Ngakho-ke, izinkomo zaseDutch ziyizinhlobo ezidume kakhulu zobisi namuhla, zihlala zithanda ukukhiqizwa ubisi oluphezulu, kanti isakhi sofuzo sikhona cishe yonke imikhakha yobisi yesimanje.
Umlando wemvelaphi
Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwalolu hlobo kubonakala ngekhulu le-XVII eNetherlands (cishe cishe ezifundazweni zaseningizimu nasenyakatho yeHolland), yingakho ibizwa igama layo. 
Emakhulwini eminyaka, ingaphandle yenzalo ishintshile ngenxa yokuzala, futhi uma esikhathini esidlule kwakungamalungu anesisekelo somthethosisekelo, amathambo abuthakathaka nemisipha, ngakho-ke izinkomo zaseDutch zinezici eziqinile futhi ezinkulu.
Ngenxa yezofuzo ezinhle kakhulu, ama-Burenok adlulisa izici zabo zobisi ezihle kakhulu kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya esizukulwaneni. Kukholelwa ukuthi babesetshenziselwa ukuzala iningi lemikhiqizo yobisi, ngakho manje cishe zonke izinkomo zobisi zingathola isakhi seDashi.
Uyazi? Ngaphambi kokufika kwemali yendabuko, kwakuyizinkomo zezizwe eziningi ezenza njenge "imali". Inani lezinkomo lazimisela ingcebo nobuhle bomuntu, ukubaluleka komlobokazi nakho konke okungokwenyama.
Uhlobo lwesisu
Abesifazane baseDashi bangabonakali kuphela ngama-indices akhiqiza kakhulu, kodwa futhi babukeka behle.
Ukubukeka nomzimba
Izilwane zalolu hlobo zibonakala ngokubonakalayo:
- ikhanda: usayizi ophakathi, owomile, oblong;
- intamo: okufushane, ephenduka emuva ngqo;
- isifuba: ebizwa, ejulile futhi ebanzi:
- icala: ehlanganisiwe ngokuqinile, eqinile futhi enkulu;
- imisipha: kuhlelwe kahle;
- i-backbone: okuqinile;
- izitho: okufushane, okuqondile;
- uboya: okufushane futhi okunwebekayo;
- i-suit: omnyama nomhlophe, i-motley (ibala);
- ukuphakama kumile: kuze kube ngu-130-135 cm;
- udder: inkulu, indebe, neendawo ezifanele zezingono kanye nenethiwekhi ebonakalayo yemikhumbi.
Izimfanelo ezikhiqizayo
Izimfanelo eziyinhloko ezikhiqizayo zohlobo zilinganiswa nobisi nokukhiqizwa kwekhanda, kanye nokukhishwa kwenyama nokukhulelwa:
- isivuno: 4000-5000 l / ngonyaka;
- okuqukethwe kwamafutha: kusuka ku-4%;
- okuqukethwe kwamaprotheni: 3,3-3,5%;
- ukungahambi kahle: Ukuqothula abesifazane kungenziwa ezinyangeni eziyi-14-18;
- isisindo senkunzi: 850-900 kg;
- isisindo sezinkomo: 540-560 kg;
- isisindo sokutholwa kwethole: 40 kg;
- inzuzo yesisindo: ozinzile futhi oqinile; ezinyangeni ezingu-6, ingane ingaba ngu-170 kg;
- ukuhlatshwa inyama: 51-53%, ene-fatted up to 60%;
- ikhwalithi yenyama: phezulu
Uyazi? I-Dutch Sneaker ibhekwa njengomnikazi we-cow-recorder okhiqiza ubisi - emva kwethole lesishiyagalombili, ukukhiqiza kwakhe kwanda ngamalitha ayi-11 208 ubisi ngonyaka, kanti okuqukethwe kwakhe okunamafutha akuwa ngaphansi kwezingu-4.1%!
Izinzuzo nokuqeda
Izinzuzo zozalo:
- Precocity.
- Ukukhiqiza ubisi oluphakeme, okunye okunye okungekho okwakungenakuziqhayisa.
- Ukuvunwa okuphezulu kwemikhiqizo yekhwalithi eliphezulu.
- Ukuvumelanisa okuphezulu ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezulu.
Kodwa-ke, ukuhlola zonke izinzuzo zalesi sizwe kungaba kuphela ngaphansi kwemithetho yesondlo nokunakekelwa, okudinga isiDashi. Ngamaphutha ekudleni, ukucindezeleka okuhleliwe nezimo ezingavamile, ukwehla okuphawulekayo ekwenzeni ubisi kungabonwa.Ngenxa yezidingo eziphezulu ezimweni, lolu hlobo alukwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi luhle kakhulu, futhi nakakhulu ukukhanya kangangokuthi umfuyi onelungelo lokufuya imfuyo angakwazi ukubhekana nalo.
Ukungahleleki kweDashi:
- Ukwehluleka kwezifo ezimbi (isifo sofuba, i-leukemia).
- Ukufuna izimo nokunakekelwa.
- Ukusabela okungalungile kokucindezeleka nokwesaba, okuyinto eholela njalo ekunciphiseni ukukhiqizwa ubisi.
- Ukuhlanzeka (isidingo sokunakekelwa njalo ketsheni, isidingo sokuhlanza nokuhlanza isilwane ngokwayo)
Imikhiqizo yobisi yezinkomo ihlanganisa inhlanhla yaseLatvia, i-redppe, Holstein, Jersey, Ayrshire, i-Yaroslavl.
Ukugcinwa nokunakekelwa
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, amaDashi afuna kakhulu ezimweni zokuboshwa nokunakekelwa. Nokho, akukho izimo eziphuthumayo ezidingekayo.
Indawo yokudlala yasehlobo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinkomo zibekezelela ukushisa okuphansi kahle, kepha ukushisa kuyabathinta kakhulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka lifika ku-25 ° C, isivuno siphume kakhulu. 
Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sehlobo, i-Dutchwoman kumele ihlomise ngempela uhlobo lwe "letnik" olunophahla olwenziwe ngama-flooring noma tile, lapho imisebe yelanga ingayi khona, ukuze isilwane siphumule kalula.
Kubalulekile! Ezindaweni zasehlobo kufanele baphuze izitsha ngamanzi amasha!
Uma kunezihlahla nezihlahla endaweni yebala lokudlala ehlobo, kuzosiza ekudluliseni ukushisa kalula.
Indawo ye-paddock yokuhamba nokudla kufanele iwanele ukuze inkomo ihambe futhi ihambe ngokukhululekile. Qiniseka ukuthi unakekele ucingo.
Ukuhlelwa kwenqolobane
Ubukhulu benqolobane ejwayelekile kaningi kakhulu ku-6x4 m, lapho cishe ingxenye yengxenye ibekwe kwenkomo, ingxenye engxenyeni yethole, futhi yonke indawo ukugcina ukudla nokubeka inqolobane. Ukuphakama kwekamelo kufanele kube cishe ngu-2.5 m. Igumbi kufanele libe nokushisa okuhle okushisa.
Ukuqaphela okukhethekile kufanele kuhokhwe phansi - kufanele kube nemfudumalo, kungabi namanzi futhi kulula ukuyihlanza. Uhlaka lwokhuni lukhululekile futhi lufudumala, kodwa emva kweminyaka engama-4 luyaxolisa, ngakho-ke izansi zenziwe ngekhonkri noma ngezitini. 
Uhlaka lokulala lokufika ku-20 cm lisetshenziswe njengento yokulala yomcengezi. Ungasebenzisa ukuxuba utshani uphinde uthathe i-ratio ku-2: 1 isilinganiso - lokhu okukhethwa kukho kuyaphumelela futhi kuhlanzekile, ngoba i-peat izothatha amagesi nomchamo. Umshini kufanele uhlale unomile, ngaphandle kwalokho isilwane singenqaba ukulala phansi, okuzokwenza ukunciphisa ubisi nokukhwalisa ubisi.
Kubalulekile! Uma phansi ukhonkolo noma izitini, kufanele ulimboze ngetitta!Indawo eyinhloko enqolobaneni yisigcawu. Indawo yayo yomuntu omdala ingamamitha ayi-2.5 square. Ummbila kufanele ube cishe u-100x80 cm usayizi eduze kwesigcawu. Ngaphansi komgogodla kufanele kube ne-tapered kancane, futhi umklamo ngokwawo kufanele ufanane ne-trapezium ephikisiwe - lo mumo wenza ukuhlanza umkhumbi kube lula kakhulu.
Abaphakelayo bangenziwa ngamapulangwe, ensimbi, ensimbi. Into eyinhloko ukuthi izinto eziphathelene nokusingqongileyo.
Futhi emgodini kufanele uphuze izitsha. Njengoba amaDashi kukhona izinkomo zobisi ezikhiqiza kakhulu, zinesidingo esikhulu kakhulu samanzi. Ukuze kukhishwe u-1 litre lobisi, inkomo idlulisa ama-4 amalitha amanzi - ngokufanele, isilwane singadinga ama-50-80 amalitha ngosuku nangaphezulu. 
Ngakho-ke, lowo ophuza kufanele abe omncane, cishe amalitha ayi-100-150.
Izinto eziphuzwayo abaphuza zingahlukahluka, kodwa kufanele zihlangabezane nalezi zici ezilandelayo: amandla nokungabi nonobuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuma komuntu ophuza kufanele kube ephephile kwenkomo, ngaphandle kwemiphetho ebukhali kanye namagumbi. Ngokujwayelekile zenziwe nge-plastiki yokudla okuqinile, insimbi ekhonjiwe, insimbi, izinkuni.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Izimo ezilungile zeDashi enqolobaneni:
- Ukushisa Lolu hlobo lunamakhono afanelekayo, ngakho-ke izinkomo zibekezelela ukushisa okuphansi nokuphezulu. Nokho, emgodini kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa ezingeni eliphansi kune-10 ° C. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinkomo zizizwa zingcono futhi zibonisa ukukhiqiza okuphakeme emazingeni aphansi okushisa, ngakho-ke ukukhulisa uphawu lokushisa kwamanzi ngaphezu kwama-25-30 ° C akuyona into engathandeki. Ebusika, ikamelo alikwazi ukufutheka, ngoba isilwane ngokwayo sikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu kakhulu. Into eyinhloko ukuthi i-barn ine-insulation enhle yokushisa.
- Ukukhanyisa Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu esithinta impilo, inhlalakahle kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesilwane. Kubonakala ukuthi ngokulungisa ukukhanyisa ekusebenzeni okuhle, ungakwazi ukwandisa isivuno ngo-6-10%! Emgodini udinga ukuhlela uhlelo olunjalo lokukhanyisa: 16/8, lapho amahora angu-16 ilanga elikhanyayo, kanti u-8 ubusuku obugcwele. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukunamathela embusweni onjalo ebusika nasezikhathini zonyaka ezishintshayo; ehlobo, ukukhanyisa okufakwayo ngeke kudlale indima ebalulekile. Ukuqala nokuphela kokubanjwa kufanele kuwele ngo-4: 30 ekuseni no-8: 30 ntambama. Ubukhulu kufanele bube ngu-150-300 Lx, kanti ukukhanya kufanele kukhanyise eduze komuntu ophuza nokuphuza kunesidingo sokuphumula. Ebusuku, umgodi ungakhanyiswa ngesibani esibomvu ngokuqina kwe-10 Lx, ngoba ubumnyama obuningi ekamelweni buphikisiwe.
- Umswakama Kufanele kube phakathi kuka-50-85%.
- Ukuphumula. Okungenani uhlelo lwe-ventilation elula kumele lube khona emgodini, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzodingeka ukuthi uqhube umoya njalo. Izinto zangaphakathi akufanele ziqoqe umoya omile, kanye nothuli, i-carbon dioxide, i-ammonia. Zonke lezi zici, kanye nomswakama owedlulele, ukwandisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ingozi yokuthuthukisa izifo futhi kuthinte kakhulu ukuvunwa ubisi. Uma usungula uhlelo lokuphuza umoya, kubalulekile ukucabangela izici eziningi: ubukhulu benqolobane nokuphakama kokufakelwa, isimo sezulu esithile esifundeni, nomoya ogeleza endaweni yakho. Ukuze kutholakale inqolobane encane, umoya wokuvuthwa wemvelo uvame ukukhethwa uma umoya osebenzayo ususwa emoyeni futhi umoya omusha unikezwa ngokuvuleka kodonga (okuvikelwe izihlungi).
- Imihlahlandlela. Ngokuqinisekile, akufanele kube khona ama-drafts enqolobaneni. Ikakhulukazi eyingozi kwamehlo amathole. Ukuze ugweme ama-drafts uma kwenzeka umoya we-ventilation wemvelo, kudingekile ukuthi ufunde ngokunembile futhi ngokunembile isiqondiso somoya emhlabathini. Kubuye kusize ukunciphisa indawo yokuphumula ekamelweni nokuguqulwa kwamathambo.
Ukuhlanzwa njalo kwesitembu kanye nokusungula
Esigodini, kufanele uhlale uhlanzekile, okusho ukuthi ukuhlanza izinhlanzi. Emabhizinisini amakhulu ekukhuliseni izinkomo, ukususwa komquba ngokuvamile kuvamile, kepha epulazini elincane kubantu abangu-1-2 njengalapho akuyona into enhle.
Kubalulekile! Abesifazane baseDashi kumele bagcinwe ngendlela engafanele, njengoba lezi zilwane zinothando - nge-leash, babhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu, okuyingozi kakhulu ekukhiqizeni.
Ngakho-ke, ukususwa kwezimfino ngokuvamile kuhlelwe ngale ndlela: ukukhipha uketshezi, ukwakha umgodla ekhoneni kuya ekuphumeni. Kungagcwala utshani, ngakho-ke kudinga ukuhlanzwa njengoba kungcolile, kodwa okungenani kanye ngosuku.
Susa umquba ngaphambi kokubamba (uma kunesidingo esinjalo). Ngalokhu ungasebenzisa amathuluzi eseduze: amafoloko, amafosholo, amafosholo, ama-brooms.
Ukulala kumele kuthathwe indawo kanye ngenyanga. Uma umchamo nomquba ungakutholi nhlobo, ukuguqulwa okugcwele kungenziwa kaningi kangako. Kulesi simo, ukuqina kwamatitha kuzokhula, kuhlinzeke isilwane ngokushisa okukhulu ebusika. 
Ngokuphathelene nabaxhasi nabaphuzayo - kubaluleke kakhulu ukuwahlanza ngokuzenzekelayo ngokunamathela kokungcola nokudliwa kokudla. Iziphuzo zokuphuza kufanele zihlanjululwe kahle ngesiponji ngasinye, okuwukuthi, nsuku zonke.
Ukuze ungasebenzi nge-garnish kanye ne-inventory, ungasebenzisa lezi zinhlayiya zesimanje:
- I-Virucide, isixazululo se-0.5%;
- I-Bromosept;
- Ecocide C.
Yini ongayidla
Ngokucabanga ngokudla nokudla kokudla kweziNetherlands izinhlanga kufanele kuhanjiswe nomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu. Phela, izinga lokudla nokudla okunomsoco ngqo kuthinta ukukhiqiza ubisi.
Kubalulekile! Uma ushintsha ukudla, usuka kwesinye isilwane kuya kwenye, noma uma usuka ehlobo ukuya ekudleni kwasebusika, ukwehla komkhiqizo kwenzeka kuze kube yilapho isilwane sesijwayele izimo ezintsha. Lokhu kuvamile.
Ukudla kwehlobo emadlelweni
Ehlobo, ukudla okuyinhloko kuwo wonke ama-ruminants yi-fodder eluhlaza. Zakha cishe ukudla okungu-80%, kodwa ungagcini ngokugcwele isidingo somzimba sezakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, ukudla okuluhlaza kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngamanzi: amazambane, isithombo sebhitrudi (le mikhiqizo kufanele inikezwe ngokwehlukana ukuze igweme ukuqhuma). 
Izingxube zezinhlamvu kanye nokudla okuhlangene noma okungekho ngokuphelele ekudleni, noma inombolo yabo incishisiwe.
Izinzuzo zefolda eluhlaza:
- Lezi zondlo zifakwe kahle futhi zifakwe ezilwaneni;
- unenani eliphakeme lokudla;
- gcwalisa izinga lamavithamini, ama-amino acids, amaminerali.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngesikhathi sehlobo nhlobo ehlobo isilwane sinethuba lokudla utshani obusha olusha, ngoba isikhathi sesitshalo siwohloka hhayi kuphela ukunambitheka, kodwa futhi nokudla okunomsoco. Ukuze ukondle, ungasebenzisa imifino utshani noma amakhambi okukhuliswa ngokukhethekile ukuze ukondle imfuyo.
Kubalulekile! Ukushintshwa okuvela ehlobo ehlobo kuze kube sebusika kanye nokunye kufanele kwenziwe kancane kancane, kungenjalo ukuphazamiseka kokugaya, ukuqhuma okukhulu kwezinqubo zokuvuvukala, nokunciphisa okukhulu kwezivuno zobisi kungenzeka.
Zihlanganisa:
- alfalfa
- i-clover
- ama-peas utshani nobhontshisi.
Ngosuku, umuntu omdala udla kuze kube ngu-70 kg wefolda eluhlaza. 
Ukudla kwebusika
Isisekelo sokudla ebusika yizigaba ezilandelayo zemikhiqizo:
- Hay (kusuka ku-50 kuya ku-80%). Umthombo wamavithamini, amaminerali, i-fibre, amaprotheni.
- I-Haylage ne-silage (20%). Leli qembu lokudla liwumthombo wamavithamini, i-fibre namaprotheni. Ngokubaluleka kokudla okunomsoco kanye nokudla, u-haylage kanye nesililage zilingana nefolda eluhlaza.
- Imifino nemifino (10-15%). Le mikhiqizo yindlela evuselelayo yokukhiqiza ubisi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuwafaka ekudleni. Ngokuvamile, izinkomo zidla izitshalo ezinjalo kakhulu: izaqathe, ushukela kanye nebheyibhe beetetra, amazambane, i-zucchini, ithanga, amakhabe.
- Ukuxuba okusanhlamvu, ukondla futhi kugxila (30%). Leli qembu alibandakanyi okusanhlamvu kuphela (ama-oats, ukolweni, izithelo), kodwa futhi amaqebelengwane ekhekhe, ukudla, amagatsha nezinkwa.
Thola nokuthi yini okufanele kube nokudla kwethole, izinkoma zobisi, izinkomo ezomile, inkunzi yenkomo.
Ukondla kufanele kwenzeke ngokufanayo ngesikhathi esisodwa kathathu ngosuku. Izinkomo zaseDutch zisabela kabi kakhulu ekushintsheni umbuso noma ukuzinaki - kodwa, njenganoma yimuphi omunye izinkomo ezifuywayo.
Amanzi nosawoti
Ungakhathaleli indima yamanzi ezingeni lokukhiqiza izinkomo zobisi. Njengoba sesishilo kakade, kuthatha ama-4-6 amalitha amanzi ukukhiqiza ilitha elingu-1 lebisi, ngakho-ke ukungabi khona kwamanzi kuthinta uketshezi ubisi ngokushesha, ngosuku olufanayo, ngezinye izikhathi kubangelwa kuphela 20% yemfuneko evamile yobisi nsuku zonke. 
Ngakho isibalo samanzi kufanele sinikezwe ukunakwa okufanayo njengokulungiselela kokudla.
Inani lamanzi asetshenziswe lizophethwe yizimo zezulu nezesimo sezulu, kanye nezici zesondlo, ngoba zingaqukatha kusuka ku-3 kuya kwezingu-90% ketshezi. Omunye umuntu omdala ngosuku angadinga cishe ngamalitha angu-60-100 wamanzi, kuye ngokuthi izimboni zesikhonzi. Amanzi kufanele abe lokushisa kwehlobo.
Kumele futhi uqaphele ukuthi inkomo yakho ithola amaminerali okwanele ngosawoti.
Kudingeka isilwane ngezizathu ezilandelayo:
- uhlanganisa i-hydrochloric acid esiswini;
- kujwayelekile ukusebenza komsakazo ophakathi, unesibopho samathambo nemisipha enempilo;
- Okuqukethwe ubisi kuncike ezingeni likasawoti;
- inikeza izinqubo zemithi emzimbeni;
- iyimithi elwa namagciwane yemvelo.
Inani lesikasawoti ludinga ukulawulwa ngokuqinile, njengoba ukuntuleka noma okudlula kungaba yingozi. Ukubala okujwayelekile, ungasebenzisa ifomula elandelayo: 5 g usawoti nge-100 kg yesisindo + 4 g weligi ngalinye eliphelile.
Isibonelo, inkomo isisindo esingu-550 kg, isilinganiso samalitha ayi-12 yobisi ngosuku. Isamba sosawoti nsuku zonke ekudleni: (5 * 5.5) + (4 * 12) = 75.5 g 
Ukuze ugweme ukungalungi ekubalweni, okungenzeka ukuthi ukwedlula ngokweqile noma ukuntuleka, ungasebenzisa ababheki abakhethekile abasawoti. Ngakho-ke, isilwane siyozilawula ngokuzimela inani lemali eyengeziwe yokudla.
Uyazi? Izinkomo zizwa isikhathi nesimo sosuku ngokugcwele, zikhetha ukunamathela ngokuqinile, ngakho ukulibaziseka okusabalalisa ngisho nengxenye yehora kungaholela ekunciphiseni uketshezi ubisi ngo-5%.
Ukuqhakambisa: izinkomo zaseDutch zikhiqiza kakhulu, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunalokho zifuna izimo nokudla. Ngokuvamile kaningi akukhethiwe ukuvalelwa yedwa kulesi sakhiwo.
Abesifazane baseDutch bathengwa ngemfuyo emikhulu emapulazini nasemapulazini, ngoba kuleso sikali kulula ukuba izilwane zihlinzeke ngezimo ezidingekayo. Kodwa uma unesipiliyoni esikhulu futhi esiyimpumelelo ekugcineni izinhlobo zobisi, ungazama ukugcina lolu hlobo egaladi lakho.
