Imbewu yeBonsai - ukukhula ekhaya

Ubuciko beBonsai babuqhamuka eJapan nase China. Ekuqaleni, izihlahla ezincane zazitshalwa izindela ezingamaBuddha, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, into ethile engajwayelekile yadlula esigabeni sezwe. Kulezi zinsuku, abalandeli bezinduna ezincane, amapayini kanye nezindunduma zitholakala emhlabeni wonke, ngenkathi ukutshala izihlahla kungenzeka ngembewu.

Izinhlobo ezidumile zezihlahla zokukhula

Ihunyushwe ngokweqiniso, ubuciko be-bonsai busho "ukukhula kwitrayi." Ikuvumela ukuthi uthole amakhophi amancane ezihlahla ezijwayelekile, amaConifers kanye nama-deciduous ngenxa yokuthena izihlahla, amahlumela wokuthena izihlahla, ukusetshenziswa komsuka ongaphansi kwezinto ezingamaminerali. Ukwakha ingadi eyingqayizivele yezitshalo ezincane kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-110 cm ukuphakama, kusetshenziswa izihlahla ezikhula isikhathi eside.

Umuthi weBonsai uzoba ngumhlobiso oyingqayizivele wanoma yiliphi igumbi

Kunamaqembu ambalwa ezitshalo ezingatshalwa amancane:

1. Izitshalo eziphansi kakhulu zingamamitha ayi-9 kuye kwangama-20. Le yi-juniper, i-spruce, i-irga.
2. 20-30 cm ukuphakama. I-barberry, uphayini, imephu ibalulekile.
3. Ifinyelela cm 30-70. This is a pine ezejwayelekile, birch, hazel.
4. Izihlahla zifinyelela ku-60-100 cm. Khetha oki, i-larch, uphayini omnyama.
5. Abamele abaphezulu kakhulu, bangaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-100. Ngale ndlela, i-acacia, chestnut, izihlahla zendiza ziyatshalwa.

Phakathi kwezitshalo ezinhle kakhulu ze-bonsai yembewu nomuthi wepelepele noma i-zanctoxylum, isitshalo esingaguquki esihlala sakhiwe esinamagxolo amnyama namaqabunga amakhulu e-cirrus akhiqiza iphunga elimnandi. Ikulungele kahle ukudala imisebenzi yobuciko.

Ukuhlukahluka okuncane komuthi womnqumo nakho kubukeka kungokwangempela, kungenxa yokuthi kunconywa ukuthi abaqalayo baqale ukusebenza. Umuthi unamagxolo grey angajwayelekile, isikhathi sezimbali senzeka ngasekupheleni kwehlobo - ukuqala ekwindla.

Ungakhula i-bonsai kusuka kunoma yisiphi isihlahla

Iyasebenza nemithetho yokuhluma

Imbewu yeBonsai ingahle icutshungulwe ukuhluma okulandelayo ngezindlela eziningana. Ukulungiselela imbewu yokumila kubizwa ngokuthi yi-stratation.

Indlela ebandayo

Indlela ikhethwa lapho imbewu ye-bonsai idinga ukuvuthwa. Ifanele i-thuja, i-pine, i-spruce eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ukulandelana kwezinyathelo ngezinyathelo kungendlela elandelayo:

1. Ukunisa imbewu emanzini afudumele amahora angama-24.
2. Hambisa imbewu esiqandisini. Isikhathi sokuvezwa kobandayo sincike ezinhlobonhlobo. Ezinhlotsheni zokhuni zaseningizimu kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-60, enyakatho - kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisithupha.

Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukudala ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okufana nokwenzeka endaweni yemvelo.

Esikhundleni sesiqandisi, kuvunyelwe ukubeka imbewu ye-bonsai enhlabathini ebandayo, njenge-perlite noma isihlabathi esimanzi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, iziqukathi zidluliselwa egumbini elipholile, kodwa elinomoya omuhle, ngokwesibonelo, kuvulandi.

Ukubheka imbewu kwenziwa kabili ngenyanga, kubolile futhi kulahliwe, ukuqandeka kufanele kutshalwe ngokushesha.

Ukuhlehliswa okuhle kufanelekile ukuthi ungakhula isihlahla esincane esincane

Ukushintshana okufudumele

Umgomo oyinhloko wenqubo ukuvusa imbewu ye-bonsai. Imodi edingekayo umswakama 70%, izinga lokushisa - +20 ℃. Kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningi:

1. Imbewu ibekwa phakathi kwezendlalelo zezicubu zomswakama futhi ibekwe endaweni ekhanyayo lapho kuzovela amahlumela.
2. Esikhundleni sokusula, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa isiponji esimanzi noma i-coconut substrate.

Ukwakha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa, isakhiwo simbozwe ngefilimu.

Ukuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe

Ngakho-ke, ukutshala kwangaphambili komsedari kanye nemephu yemaple, isakura nezinye izitshalo ngomjikelezo wokukhula isikhathi eside kuyenziwa. Ukuduka okunjalo kuhlanganisa ukushintshanisa nemiphumela yokubanda nokushisa. Esigabeni sokuqala, imbewu ye-bonsai ibekwa emanzini abandayo noma ikhishwe egumbini elipholile. Futhi ngaphambi nje kokufika - ku-ketshezi olufudumele. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ukhule ngokushesha imbewu.

Ukukhula nge-bonsai kusuka ezinhlanyelweni kuwubuciko, kodwa uma ufisa, wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuyifunda kahle

Inhlabathi nesiqukathi sokukhula kwe-bonsai

Uma ucabanga ukuthi ungayikhulisa kanjani i-bonsai kusuka embewini ekhaya, akunakwenzeka ukungayinaki imithetho yokukhethwa kwenhlabathi. Inketho ekhetheke kakhulu yisihlabathi esihlanganayo, esasikade sibaliwe kuhhavini. Kwenze kanjena:

1. Isihlabathi siyageza ngamanzi amaningana.
2. Thela ungqimba olunciphile ephepheni lokubhaka.
3. Faka kuhhavini imizuzu engama-30 emazingeni okushisa angama-180 ℃.

Ukutshala izitshalo ze-bonsai, ubumba lobumba olugcina umswakama lufanelekile. I-humus nayo isetshenziselwa ukutshala; umhlabathi we-heather we-acidity ephezulu muhle kakhulu.

AmaConifers, izinaliti ezincane ezihlwabushiwe zesitshalo esikhethiwe zengezwa emhlabathini. Isendlalelo ngokwaso siyingxube ngamanani alinganayo enhlabathi enamaqabunga, isihlabathi kanye ne-humus. Izihlahla eziqabayo zikhula kahle kubumba olushisiwe oluhlanganiswe ne-lava ne-pumice. Izilimo zezithelo zizizwa zikhululekile ekwakhiweni kwenhlabathi yamaqabunga nomquba, othathwe isilinganiso 1: 1.

Ngaphambi kokutshala imbewu ye-bonsai, kufanele ukhethe ibhodwe. Izinhlobo zeConiferous zilungele amamodeli abanzi asicaba, nezihlahla ezinomqhele ogobekile - okusaqanda noma okuyindilinga. Uma lesi sitshalo siphethe isiqu esinamandla amakhulu, lapho-ke sithola umthamo ojulile wamaqhuqhuva waso. Abamele izimbali ngohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande luzohambisana nesiqukathi esincane kodwa esijulile.

Okuqukethwe ebhodweni kungaba yinoma yini: ubumba, ubumba, ingilazi, ngisho nokhuni. Kepha kungcono ukwenqaba ipulasitiki eshibhile - ayifani ngesikhathi eside sokuphila, kanti nezihlahla ze-bonsai ziyabona kahle ukufakelwa.

Umbala nokuhlobisa kuncike entweni yomnikazi, kepha ungathengi umkhumbi ohlotshiswe ngokucebile - kuzophazamisa ukunakwa kusuka ekwakhiweni okuphilayo. Ukukhetha okulungile kwe-bonsai ithangi elikhanyayo. Izilimo zitshalwe emigqonyeni emnyama, emnyama, ngisho nopinki.

Imbiza yesihlahla ye-bonsai ingaba nesimo esingajwayelekile

Izici zokuhlwanyela imbewu nokunakekela kwezitshalo

Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo noma ehlobo, kuvunyelwe futhi ngenyanga yokuqala yekwindla. Isendlalelo esincane sithululelwa esitsheni esikhethiwe ukuze cishe u-2,5 cm uhlale onqenqemeni. Ngemuva kwaloko, tinhlanyelo letimile bese tiyahlukaniswa tinhlabatsi letilungiselelwe ngekulandzelana. Bafafazwa ngesendlalelo esondelana sesihlabathi, bese sichotshozwa ngendilinga yezinkuni bese siniselwa ngokucophelela.

Ngokulandelayo, isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu noma ngesikhwama bese sidluliselwa endaweni emnyama (izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphezulu kuka +14 ℃).

Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, ifilimu iyasuswa, amabhodwe ahlanganiswe endaweni ekhanyisiwe, ngaphansi kwesibani noma efasiteleni. Ukwakheka kwezithombo - ukususwa kwe-2/3 yezimpande eziphambili - kwenziwa ezinyangeni ezi-2-3. Lapho ukuphakama kwesiqu se-bonsai kufinyelela ku-10 cm, izihlahla zitshalwa ezitsheni ezihlukile bese ziqala ukwakha umqhele.

Ukutshala okufanelekile kuyisiqinisekiso sokuthi umuthi uzokhula uqine, kepha ube mncane

Izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo be-Japan and maple abomvu

Ukuqoqwa kwembewu ye-bonsai kuqala ekwindla, isikhathi sokudonswa kwempahla izinsuku ezingama-120. Ukutshala imbewu kufanele kube ngo-Ephreli noma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

IMaple ilungile ngoba ingaba namaqabunga anemibala ehlukahlukene, hhayi kuphela okuluhlaza okujwayelekile, obomvu noma ophuzi, kodwa futhi namathoni angajwayelekile, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noku onsomi.

Imithetho eyisisekelo yokukhula kwe-maple ku-bonsai:

1. Indawo yakhethwa ikhanya, kepha ivikelwe ukukhanya kwelanga.
2. Isitshalo singafa uma i-thermometer yehla ngaphansi kophawu - +5 ℃.
3. Ukunisela kufanele kube okulinganiselayo, kepha njalo; ukumiswa kwenhlabathi akufanele kuvunyelwe. Ekushiseni kwehlobo kungcono ukunisela umhlaba kabili ngosuku - ekuseni nakusihlwa.
4. Amagatsha amasha agawulwa kuwo wonke unyaka, kepha amahlumela amadala angakhiwa ekwindla noma entwasahlobo kuphela.

Ifaka ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bonsai kalamula

Imbewu ayidingi kuhlangana, kepha kufanele ithathwe ku-citrus ovuthiwe. Ukuze wandise amathuba wokuhluma, imbewu eningi itshalwa kanyekanye. Ukuze uthole ulamula, kudingeka isendlalelo samamitha okungenani ama-1.5-2 cm. Imbewu ibekwa ka-cm 1.5 cm. Ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, imbiza imbozwe ngesikhwama sepulasitiki bese ibekwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa we-+18 ℃.

Ngemuva kokuvela, ifilimu iyasuswa, bese isitshalo sibekwa endaweni ekhanyayo. Ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kufaka ukuthambisa, ukugqoka okuphezulu. Sebenzisa izakhiwo eziyizitshalo zasendlini ngesilinganiso.

I-Lemon bonsai - isitshalo esimangalisayo, umhlobiso wekhaya langempela

Izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo zemisedari

Umsedari waseJapan uyingqayizivele engapheli yobuciko basendulo. Umuthi omncane ubukeka uthakazelisa kakhulu futhi uzoba ngumhlobiso ofanele wensimu yasekhaya, ehlotshiswe ngesitayela saseShayina.

Imbewu yomsedari iyamila ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kepha isabela kabi kumanani amaningi amanzi. Ukuze ukhule umsedari, kufanele wenze lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

1. Cwilisa imbewu emanzini afudumele kosuku.
2. Misa imbewu ngokuphelele.
3. Zibeke elangeni imizuzu engu-15.
4. Faka isikhwama se-zip seplastiki, uvale ngokuqinile bese ufaka esiqandisini inyanga eyodwa.
5. Ngemuva kokuvela kwamahlumela, umhlaba emhlabathini.
6. Amanzi ngokucophelela.
7. Akufanele imbozwe ngefilimu, kodwa kubalulekile ukugcina umswakama ongapheli we-substrate.

Abaningi banesifiso sokuthi ikhula kanjani i-bonsai. Konke kuncike ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlobonhlobo zezinkuni. Isibonelo, umsedari waseLebhanoni eminyakeni eyi-10 uzokhula ngo-10 cm kuphela.

Umsedari weBonsai ubukeka nenhle kakhulu futhi awujwayelekile

Izici zobuchwepheshe bezolimo zikaphayini waseJapan

Kubukeka sengathi uphayini omhlophe omuhle kakhulu waseJapan ukhule usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-bonsai. Imbewu iqala ukumila ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, uma isintsha, khona-ke amahlumela azovela ngokushesha okukhulu. Indlela ye-stratification yamakhaza iyasetshenziswa. Isihlahla sikaphayini sidinga indawo ekhanyayo, ngaphandle kwalokho izinaliti ziyoba buthuntu futhi zibuthakathaka.

Ukunisela, ukugqoka okuphezulu, ubusika

Izihlahla ezincane zitshalwa ezimbizeni ezincane, ngakho ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Izindlela ezimbili zisetshenzisiwe:

1. Ukunisela. Ukunyakazisa inhlabathi kusuka kumsele omncane wokunisela ngekhala elincanyana.
2. Ukucwilisa. Kubalulekile ukuthi kube nezimbobo zokudonsa amanzi ezansi kwembiza. Isitsha esinezitshalo sitshelwa emanzini okugcotshwa amanzi okugcwala kuwo imizuzu eyi-5 kuya kweyi-10.

Izakhiwo ezinamaminerali ezicetshiswe i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus zisetshenziselwa ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ungathatha umanyolo wezitshalo zasendlini, kepha ekuqoqweni okungu-50%, lokhu kuzovimbela ukukhula ngokweqile kwamahlumela namahlamvu. Imithetho Yokudla:

1. Isikhathi sehlobo, okuqukethwe kwe-potassium kuyancishiswa.
2. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla, kukhethwa amakhompiyutha acebile enitrogen ne phosphorus.

Ukulungiselela ubusika kubandakanya ukuhlanza isitshalo kusuka amahlumela athintekile futhi omile, uchithe izinambuzane. Izimbiza ziya endaweni ekhanyayo, evikelwe okusalungiswa nokushaywa.

IBonsai Garden iphupho elingenzeka. Izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla ezihlanganayo, ezinqumayo ngisho nezithelo ezincane zingatshalwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, into esemqoka ukulandela izincomo.