Zonke izitshalo ezisuka eMnyangweni we-Indo-imbewu (izimbali) zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu futhi zingabhekana ne-dioecious noma izibonelo ze-monoecious. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngokuhlukana phakathi kwezitshalo ze-dioecious ne-monoecious, yikuphi ukudida okuyiwona futhi yiziphi izitshalo eziseqembu le-dioecious.
Kuyini ukudida
Eqenjini lama-dioecious kukhona amakhophi anikezwe izimbali zesifazane noma zesilisa, okungukuthi, i-pistils kanye ne-stamens ayikwazi ukuhlangana ndawonye embali efanayo futhi ngisho nasendleleni efanayo. Ngokuqondene nalesi sici, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuvota impova kungabanjwanga ngokuphelele. Izimila zingabanjelwa impova nge-xenogamy - impova-impoqo, ngenxa yokuthi impova esivela kuhlobo oluthile idluliselwa enhlakeni ye-pistils yesinye isitshalo.
Ngakho-ke, ukuvundiswa kwezimbali kungenzeka kuphela uma izinyosi nezinye izinambuzane ezisebenzisa impova yezilimo zenza inqubo yokuvota impova. Ukungahambi kahle kwe-cross-pollination yiqiniso lokuthi isigamu sezimbali asikhiqizi imbewu.
Kubalulekile! Abanye ososayensi bathambekele ekucabangeni ukuthi akunakwenzeka nje kuphela izibonelo ze-angiosperm, kodwa futhi ezingenakunyakaziswa, ezinikezwa izitho zesilisa nezesifazane, zingahlukaniswa ubulili zezitshalo futhi zibhekiswe ezinhlobonhlobo zezinsizwa noma ezixubileyo. Ngakho-ke, la maqembu avame ukufaka izitshalo ezingenakukwazi ukuzimbali.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezitshalo ze-monoecious nezitshalo ze-dioecious?
Izitshalo ze-monoecious zikhonjiswe ngokuba khona kwezimbali zangasese ngokobulili embonini owodwa, kuyilapho izimbali ze-dioecious zinomzimba owodwa kuphela kwisitshalo esisodwa. Ama-monoecious avame ukuvotelwa impova ngosizo lomoya, okungukuthi, ngaphansi kwethonya lomoya, impova evela emhlotsheni owodwa idluliselwa kwenye, izitshalo ze-dioecious zivotelwa kuphela uma impova idluliselwa emthonjeni wesilisa ibe yizinsikazi ngezinambuzane.
Izitshalo ze-Dioecious zihanjiswa i-pistachio, i-poplar, i-aspen, i-actinidia, u-sorrel omuncu, amakhiwane, i-hemp, i-velvet.
Izitshalo ze-monoecious zimelelwa yi-walnuts, i-Echinocystis, i-hornbeam, i-quinoa, i-birch, i-hazel, i-corn, umjunipha, ithanga, ikhukhamba.
Abamele Dioecious
Ukuze ube nomqondo mayelana nezitshalo ze-dioecious, kubalulekile ukucabangela incazelo emfushane yabanye abamele leli qembu.
Actinidia
I-Actinidia iyinhlobo yama-lianas we-woody, okuyizinhlobo ezingu-75 zezinhlobo. I-Actinidia ivamile engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia nama-Himalaya. Ziyizitshalo, imivini, isici esivela kuyo ukuthambekela kokuwa kwamaqabunga. Izinso zalezi zitshalo zifihlekile noma zifihliwe kancane emagqabeni amacembe, amaqabunga ahlelwe ngokuhlukile, enqenqemeni elinyene. Izimbali zingase zibe ezincane, cishe u-1 cm ububanzi noma obuphakathi kuya ku-3 cm.
Iningi lezinhlobo zinezimbali ezingenasiphelo, ezimhlophe, ngezinye izikhathi zikhona amaqabunga anomthunzi wegolide ophuzi noma o-orange. Izithelo zesitshalo limelelwa berry oblong, ophuzi oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma olukhanyayo. I-actinidia ethandwa kunazo zonke yi-actinidia delicacy, eyaziwa yibo bonke njenge-kiwi.
Funda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani i-actinia engadini nokuthi yiziphi izindawo eziwusizo onayo.
U-Actinidia utshalwe njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa, esetshenziswa njalo njengomuthi, kanti izithelo zezinhlobo ezidliwayo ziyadliwa.
Ngokwemvelo, i-actinidia ikhula emahlathini amancane, lapho kudala khona i-penumbra yemvelo, Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukudala izimo ezifanayo zokufika ekhaya. Naphezu kokuthi i-actinidia ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezinomthunzi, kungcono ukuyihlwanyela ohlangothini olusenyakatho, ngoba i-fruiting ivele kuphela ngokukhanya okwanele. U-Actinidia uzizwa enhle emhlabathini ngenani elincane le-nitrogen ne-phosphorus, alibekezeli umhlabathi onobumba. Okukhethwa kukho okungcono kakhulu inhlabathi encane ye-asidi. Akuyona into engathandeki ukutshala izitshalo kumhlabathi owodwa wobumba.
Kubalulekile! Uma i-actinidia itshalwe njengesiko esithatha izithelo, kuyadingeka ukuhlanganisa izitshalo zesifazane nabesilisa ekutshalweni okulodwa - kuzo zonke izibonelo ezintathu ezinezimbali zesifazane kufanele kube okungenani 1 omele owesilisa.
I-Velvet
I-Velvet iyimithi emihle, ifinyelela kusuka ku-20 kuya ku-30 m ukuphakama, ne-trunk ebanzi ububanzi obungaba ngu-120 cm. Umqhele wesihlahla emahlathini uphakeme kakhulu, ekutshaleni okulodwa kubonakala ngesimo esiyindilinga. Lesi sitshalo sinegxolo elimnyama, elinombukiso omuhle wokuhlobisa, emithini emincane igxuma ngokuchichima kwesiliva. Ingqimba engenhla yegxolo ibonakala ngesakhiwo sokuvota, imelwe ngenduku engaphezu kuka-5 cm ubukhulu, ungqimba lwangaphakathi lwamagxolo lunombala ophuzi, iphunga elithile. Amahlamvu ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka embala, amaqabunga ahlelwe eceleni, umumo ufana namagqabi omlotha, kodwa ngamaflebhu amancane kanye nephunga elimnandi.
Izimbali ziyingcosana, zingabonakali, ububanzi - kufika ku-1 cm, zine-tint eluhlaza, izimbali ziqoqwe kuma-paniculate inflorescences, ubude - kufika ku-12 cm. Izithelo zokuvuthwa zenzeka ekwindla, izithelo eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezimnyama, ezikhanyayo, azifanelekile ukusetshenziswa, ezibhekene nokuphunga okungajabulisi. I-Velvet ingatholakala eManchuria, eKhabarovsk Territory, e-Amur nase-Primorye, eChina, eKorea, eTaiwan, eSakhalin, e-Kuril Islands, eJapane. I-Velvet iyisitshalo esithembekile, njengoba lo muthi ukhona isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwe-glaciation.
Uyazi? Izitshalo ezinamathelezi zibandakanya abamele izitshalo, ezazivame ema-geas ezedlule.
I-Velvet njenge-plant ornamental isivamile kakhulu emazweni aseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ethandwa kakhulu ekutshaleni ezindaweni zase-Asia Ephakathi naseCaucasus. I-Velvet isetshenziselwa izinhloso zokwelapha, isitshalo esihle seju. Futhi, amagxolo ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuthola idayi ephuzi ngokudayisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezindwangu. Ingqimba enkulu yesikhombi isetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-coorks wokubamba amabhodlela, asetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha zokuzulazula, ukuvuthwa kwempilo, izifuba, izikhumbuzo. Ingulube emthini ihlukaniswa kalula, ngaphandle kokuletha umonakalo esihlahleni ngokwawo. Imithi ye-Velvet ibonakala ngomdwebo omuhle nombala ocacile, ngakho-ke iyasetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwefenisha kanye nezakhi zokuhlobisa.
Uma ukhetha indawo yokuthola i-velvet kufanele kucatshangelwe ukuthi umuthi uhlala isikhathi eside, ukuze izimpande zawo zingalimazi izakhiwo, zibeke umuthi kude nezakhiwo. Futhi, uma esikhathini esizayo uhlela ukwakha okuthile eduze kwesihlahla, zama ukuhambisa kude ngangokunokwenzeka kwivelvet, ukuze ungalimazi izimpande futhi ubhubhise isitshalo. Umuthi kufanele unikezwe ngomthunzi, ngakho-ke kungcono ukutshala ensimini, inhlabathi efanele yokutshala iyalinywa, ayifanelekile ukutshala inhlabathi enhlabathini.
Funda futhi ukuthi yini ewusizo i-Amur velvet.
Drema
Idrama yonyaka, i-biennial, kwezinye izimo ezingapheliyo, ufinyelela ukuphakama kwama-80 cm. Kuye ngokuthi uneminyaka yobudala obungakanani, lesi sitshalo sibonakala ngokungafani okubonakalayo. Izitshalo ezincane zinamaqabunga e-oval, zifinyelela ubude obuyi-10 cm, ngaphezu kwesikhathi, lesi sitshalo sibonakala sineziqu ezinamaqabunga ahlangene ama-lanceolate. Ama-buds angafika ku-3 cm ububanzi athuliswa ngesimo se-inflorescences futhi atholakala phezulu kwe-stem, i-Buddha ngayinye inezinhlamvu ezingu-5, i-blooms kusukela entwasahlobo yasemuva kuze kube sekuqaleni kokuwa, ukuqhakaza kumhlophe. I-Dram ivame emazweni aseYurophu, entshonalanga ye-Asia naseNyakatho Melika.
Ngezinye izikhathi i-Drema isetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yokuhlanzeka, njengoba inezinhlobo eziningi ze-saponins, eziyizixazululo zokuxubha zingakha isithukuthezi esinamandla. I-Drema iyisitshalo esingenamakhaza, ngakho-ke, esakwazi ukukhuthazela ukushisa okubandayo nokushisa. Njengamanje, ukugqoka akuyona imasiko futhi akusetshenziswanga embonini.
Kubalulekile! Ukugubha okukhulu kokubuthwa kutholakala lapho kufika emhlabathini ongekho hlangothi, owenziwe kancane, isitshalo esivamile sithela emhlabathini owomileyo owomhlabathi.
Idrama ikhula ezindaweni ezikhanyisiwe, kodwa iyakwazi ukubekezelela i-penumbra elula, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuyihlwanyela ezindaweni ezinelanga. Lesi sitshalo asidingi inhlabathi evundile ikakhulukazi, sikhula kahle enhlabathini engavamile, isimo esisodwa esidingekayo yisifo somhlabathi.
I-Willow
I-Willow iyinhlobo yezitshalo ezithandayo, ezihlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-550. Izihlahla zikhula zibe ngamamitha angu-15 ukuphakama, ngezinye izikhathi zikhona izinhlobo ezifinyelela kumamitha angu-40. Ama-specimens akhula ngasenyakatho athungathekile, futhi ezindaweni ezintaba ama-willows atholakala njengezihlahla ezinwabuzelayo ezinamahlumela, okuphakama okungenani kuya kumamitha ambalwa. Kuye ngohlobo lwe-willow, amaqabunga angaba mnandi, ahlobe, ahlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma angavamile, angenawo ama-gray-green noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Amaqabunga atshalwe ngenye indlela, i-lamina ingaba elliptical ebanzi noma engacacile futhi ende, enezingqimba eziqinile noma ezinamajuba, amacwecwe amhlophe.
Isici sesici sezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kukhona ukutholakala kwezinhlamvu ezifanele, ezithuthukisa kaningi emahlumela amancane. Amagatsha axhunyiwe, amagatsha esitshalo alula kakhulu, aguquguquke, afinyeleleke ekukhunjini, amaqabunga angaba mnyama, aphuzi obomvu. Izimbali ze-Willow zincane kakhulu, zihlangene ngama-inflorescences ezincane, ngakho kulula ukubona. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izithelo zivela - amabhokisi anezinhlanzi ezincane ezincane. I-Willow iyisitshalo esivamile futhi ikhula phakathi kweRussia, eNyakatho Melika, ezinye zezilwane zikhula ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Zijwayeze ngezingqikithi zokukhula kwezinhlobo ezinjalo ze-willow njenge: iqabunga lonke, elimhlophe, ibhola, ukukhala, imbuzi, isisindo.
I-Willow isetshenziselwa njengendlela yokuhlobisa, Kanti futhi ezinye izinhlobo zitshalo zitshalwe ukuze kuqiniswe umhlabathi kanye nesihlabathi okuxekethile, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lomuthi luningi, lukhulu kakhulu, lunamagatsha amaningi. Izinkuni zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa izitsha nezici zokuhlobisa. I-Willow iyisitshalo esibalulekile samanothi; izinhlobo ezithile zamagxolo zifanele ukuthumba isikhumba. Izinkuni zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto zokwenza imikhiqizo ye-wicker. Amaqabunga e-Willow athandwa kakhulu emithi yokwelapha njengempahla eluhlaza.
I-Willow ikhula kahle emhlabathini we-loam nomhlabathi onomswakama, tshala isihlahla endaweni enomhlabathi obanzi kakhulu, endaweni evamile.
Amakhiwane
I-Fig iyisitshalo se-subtropical deciduous, esivela ku-genus Ficus. Isihlahla sinegxolo elikhanyayo elimhlophe. Lesi sitshalo sibonakala ngokuba khona kwamaqabunga amaqabunga amahlumela amaningi ahlukene noma ahlukene ahlukene. Amaqabunga e-Sinus anezihlumela ezikhiqizayo futhi aqukethe ama-inflorescences ezinhlobo ezimbili - i-kaprifigi namakhiwane. I-kaprifigami yizimbali zesilisa, zinama-inflorescences amancane, amakhiwane ayizimbali zabesifazane ezine-inflorescences ezinkulu.
Amakhiwane aphethwe yi-osam-blastophagous, athwala impova evela emithini yamadoda kuya kwowesifazane. Izithelo zivela emthini - amakhiwane, ngaphakathi eningi imbewu, amnandi futhi namanzi. Kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo, umbala wesithelo ungase ube ophuzi, ubuluhlaza noma obomvu okwesibhakabhaka, ngokuvamile kuvame izithelo eziphuzi-oluhlaza.
Kungenzeka ube nesithakazelo sokufunda ukuthi ungakhula kanjani amakhiwane ekhaya nasensimini, futhi ufunde ukuthi yini eyenza amakhiwane awusizo.
Amakhiwane ayanda eMedithera, eTranscaucasia, ogwini oluseningizimu yeCrimea, e-Central Asia. Ngokuvamile umkhiwane uhlwanyelwe ukuze uthole isivuno samakhiwane, esidliwa esisha, esomile futhi emathinini, ziyisidlo esihlukile, futhi singasetshenziswa ekwenzeni i-jam futhi njengesengezo kwamanye ama-dessert. Emithi yomuthi, amaqabunga omkhiwane asetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza.
Tshala umuthi endaweni ekhanyisiwe eningizimu yeqhinga, ukuze amakhiwane avikelwe emimoya enamandla. Umuthi uthanda ukukhanya okukhanya, nokuphefumulela okuhle.
Kubalulekile! Amakhiwane atshalwa njengesihlahla sezindlu ngaphakathi kwendlu, asikhulumi kakhulu, kepha uyakwazi ukuhluma.
I-Cannabis
I-hemp isitshalo se-bast fiber yonyaka. Kubonakala ngokukhona kwesiteji esilungile, sasizungeze phansi, sibhekene nesimo seqabunga ehlangothini engenhla yesitshalo kanye nesilandelayo - engxenyeni engezansi. Amaqabunga ayinkimbinkimbi, abe namaqabunga angu-5-7 enqenqemeni elungelekile, isisekelo seqabunga lamaqabunga lingaphezu kwephezulu. Izimbali zalesi sitshalo zimelelwa yi-inflorescences ngesimo se-spike eyinkimbinkimbi, endaweni lapho i-bivalve nutlets ibonakala khona, inomumo ovate noma ohlangene, isakhiwo esibushelelezi noma esibukhali, isicu-oluhlaza noma olubomvu ngombala. Lesi sitshalo sisakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni jikelele, singakhula ezindaweni zombili ezishisayo nezifudumele.
Ngaphambili, lesi sitshalo sakhula ukuze sithole imbewu namafutha kuwo, kanye namafayili asetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ukuhlaselwa kwabuye kusetshenziselwe izinjongo zezokwelapha, izidakamizwa zokuzijabulisa zenziwa ngesisekelo sayo. Ukuhlunga kungasiza kakhulu ukukhiqiza izintambo, izintambo, izintambo, izingubo, iphepha kanye nentambo, njengoba lesi sitshalo sinezintambo eziqinile kakhulu.
Thola ukuthi yi-hemp yobuchwepheshe nokuthi yini eyenziwe ngesitshalo.
I-hemp ifuna kakhulu inhlabathi nendawo yokukhula. Ngako-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uphume, kubalulekile ukudala zonke izimo ezidingekayo. Lesi sitshalo sikhetha izindawo ezikhanyisiwe ngaphansi kwelanga, inhlabathi kufanele ibe nezakhi eziningi, ibe yindlala, ngoba i-hemp ayibekezeli isomiso.
I-nettle ephazamisayo
Ukuncibilika kuyimifino ehlala isikhathi eside, kubonakala ngokuba khona kwezimpande ezinamandla futhi ngamagatsha amancane amaningi. Ukuthungatha kungaba ngu-30 cm kuya ku-2 m phezulu. Kunezinwele eziningi ezivuthayo ezitsheni namaqabunga. Isiqu siyimifino, lapho amaqabunga aphikisana nawo. I-lamina iboniswa ifomu le-ovate-ifomu noma le-lanceolate, kuze kufike ku-17 cm ubude, kuze kube ngu-8 cm ububanzi.
Emaphethelweni ahlanganiswe ngamazinyo amakhulu. Esikhathini semifucumfucu, ama-inflorescences asekudala asethuthuka, lapho kunezimbali eziningi ezincane eziluhlaza ezihlwanyelwe khona, esikhundleni sezimbali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imbewu ivela, imelelwa ngamantongomane aphuzi noma acwebekile. Kuze kufike ku-22,000 imbewu ingakhishwa isampula ngayinye. Itholakala eYurophu, e-Asia, e-China naseNyakatho Melika.
Funda mayelana nezindawo zokuphulukisa ze-nettle kanye ne-nettle hemp, futhi ufunde ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani izinambuzane njengokugqoka okuphezulu.
Ukusikeka kuyinto isitshalo esivame ukudliwa, esekelwe kuso isobho esilungisiwe, ama-borscht, ama-saladi. Isetshenziselwa ukuphakela kwemfuyo. Emithi yokwelapha, amaqabunga asematheni asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izifo kanye nezidakamizwa.
I-dioecious nettle ibhekisela ezintshalweni zokhula, ngakho-ke, ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, ikakhulukazi izitshalo zitholakala emhlabathini ocebile nge-nitrogen. Lesi sitshalo sithandana, kepha singakhula kahle emthunzini owodwa kanye nesithunzi.
Laurel
I-genus Laurus ibhekisela ezihlahleni ezingaphansi komhlaba noma ezihlahleni. I-Laurel yisitshalo esihlala sitshalo esiphezulu esifinyelela ukuphakama cishe ngamamitha angu-15, enamahlumela ashisayo ashisayo namahlumela angenalutho. Umqhele womuthi ukhululekile, umumo we-pyramidal. Amaqabunga amahlumela atshalwa ngenye indlela, abe neqenqemeni eliqinile, elingenalutho, elilula, lingakwazi ukufinyelela ubude obungama-20 cm, ububanzi obungu-4 cm. Amaqabunga anephunga elimnandi, libhekwa nge-oblong lanceolate noma ipulangwe elliptical elingaphansi kwesisekelo. Umbala wamahlamvu luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka engxenyeni engenhla yamaqabunga, kukhanya okuphansi.
I-Laurel izimbali ziqoqwe ezimbukisweni ze-inflorescences, zitholakala ekupheleni kwamagatsha ezinqabeni eziningana, ema-axils asemaqabunga. Izimbali zihlala zincane, ziphuzi, ekugcineni ziphenduka izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. ULaurel ukhula eMedithera, eTranscaucasia naseCanary Islands.
Zazi ngokwakho ngemithetho yokukhula kwezilwane ekhaya, ngaphandle, kusuka emhlanjeni, kanye nokuthi ungasakaza kanjani i-laurel nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezinayo.
I-Laurel isetshenziswe njenge-spice, amafutha abalulekile asetshenziselwa ukupheka alungiswa kusuka emaqabunga. Kanti futhi amaqabunga amaqabunga ayimithi eluhlaza yokwelapha yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha.
U-Laurel uzozizwa kahle endaweni ekhanyisiwe, kodwa angakwazi ukubekezelela i-penumbra elula. Lesi sitshalo asidingi emhlabathini futhi sikhuthazelela isomiso evamile. Kunconywa ukutshala izimila eziphilayo nezamaminerali emhlabathini ngaphambi kokutshala ukuze isitshalo sikhule kangcono.
I-Sea buckthorn
I-genus of sea buckthorn ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili. Izimila ziyisihlahla noma izihlahla ezivela ku-10 cm kuya ku-6m ukuphakama, ngezinye izikhathi kuya ku-15 m. Amaqabunga ahlwanyelwe ngokuhlukile, kunalokho omude futhi omncane, umbala wamahlamvu aluhlaza, ubuso bepuleti bugcwele amachashazi amancane. Цветет облепиха раньше, чем распускаются листья, цветки мелкие, неприметные. На месте цветка появляется костянка, которая состоит из орешка, и цветоложе. Цвет плодов имеет красный или оранжевый оттенок, на ветке они расположены очень густо.I-Sea buckthorn ikhula eYurophu, e-Asia, eMongolia, eChina.
Izithelo ze-Sea buckthorn zivame ukusetshenziswa njengento yokudla, zidliwa eziluhlaza, iziphuzo zilungiselelwe, amafutha omuncu wokuvuna amahhashi asetshenziswa ku-cosmetology nemithi. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-sea buckthorn ziyizitshalo zokuhlobisa, zitshalwe ukuqinisa imigwaqo yomgwaqo noma ukudala izindonga. Amaqabunga omuthi asetshenziselwa ukucwenga izinto eziluhlaza.
Thola ukuthi yikuphi izinhlobo ezidumile ze-sea buckthorn, imithetho yokutshala, indlela yokusakaza isihlahla se-sea buckthorn nokuthi nini ukuyiqoqa, yiziphi izici ze-sea buckthorn, kanye nendlela yokukhulisa i-Shepherdia, yiziphi izinzuzo zayo nokuthi i-sea buckthorn juice iyasiza kanjani emzimbeni nokuthi ungenza kanjani isihlahla se-buckthorn se-sea.
I-sea buckthorn yokufika endaweni kufanele ihlelwe kahle, umuthi awusabi ilanga eliqondile, uthanda inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi, ubekezelela imifino ejwayelekile njalo uphendule kubo ngokuvuna okucebile.
Mistletoe
I-Mistletoe ingokwezihlobo zezitshalo ezinamaphilisi ezincane, okuyizikhathi ezivuthiwe. Ihlelwe emagatsheni wezitshalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ikhula ibe yi-shrub enkulu eluhlaza. Amagatsha ama-mistletoe afinyelela ubude obuyi-80 cm, isitshalo sineqabunga eliphambene noma elifakwe ngaphakathi, okubandakanyeka ku-photosynthesis. Amanzi kanye ne-mineral substances mistletoe athola esitshalweni esiphezulu kuso.
Iqhakaza amaqabunga amancane kakhulu, angafika ku-3 mm ububanzi, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ophuzi, izithelo eziphuzi noma ezibomvu zivela kusayithi lembali, limelelwa ngamabhere amanga, nge-pulp enamathele. Emvelweni, kunezinhlobo ezingu-70 ze-mistletoe, ezikhula ikakhulukazi ema-subtropics nasezindaweni ezishisayo zezwekazi lase-Afrika, ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia nasenyakatho ye-Australia, cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Uyazi? I-Mistletoe yayisetshenziswa njengomhlobiso wendabuko kaKhisimusi eNgilandi kuze kube yingxenye yesibili yekhulu le-XIX, ngaleso sikhathi isiNgisi saqala ukuhlobisa umuthi kaKhisimusi, owawuphawu lweKhisimusi.
Izithelo ze-Mistletoe ziwukudla kwezinyoni. Futhi kufanelekile ekwakhiweni kweglue. Umuthi wendabuko uqukethe izindlela zokupheka ezivela emaqenjini amancane esitshalo, asetshenziselwa izinkinga ezehlukene zezempilo.
Njengoba i-mistletoe ibhekwa izitshalo ezidliwayo, akulona okhulile ngokukhethekile, lesi sibonelo singasakaza i-poplar, i-maple, i-pin, i-birch nezihlahla zezithelo.
Vula
I-Aspen ingezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezihlahla eziqhamukayo ze-Poplar yohlobo. Lesi sitshalo sibonakala ngokuba khona kwe-trono kolonovidnogo, ukuphakama - kuze kufike ku-35 m, ububanzi - 1 m. Isihlahla sikhula ngokushesha, kodwa sibhekene nezifo zezinkuni, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokuphila asikho ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-90. Izimpande zijulile phansi, zikhula ngamamitha amaningana. Isihlahla sinombala oqhakazile wombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ompunga, oqhekeza ngobudala futhi uguqule umbala ube mnyama.
I-Aspen inamanye amaqabunga amaqabunga, amelwa ngamapulangwe azungezile noma a-rhombic, kufinyelela ku-7 cm ubude, ngephuzu elibukhali noma elimnandi, leli qabunga liye lafaka emaphethelweni. Izimbali zibhekene nobukhulu obuncane, ziqoqwe ezincane zamacici, zingabomvu noma ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, zize zibe ngu-15 cm ubude, ziqhakaze ngaphambi kokuphuka kwephuzi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izithelo zakha ibhokisi, imbewu ihlanganiswe phansi (i-powder puff), ngenxa yokuthi isakazeka ngaphezu kwamashumi amakhilomitha. I-Aspen ingatholakala eduze kwehlathi futhi i-tundra, ikhula ehlathini nasehlathini. Kukhona isihlahla e-Yurophu, e-Kazakhstan, e-China, e-Mongolia, e-Korea.
Funda futhi mayelana nezindawo zokwelapha ze-aspen kanye namagxolo awo.
I-Aspen ivame ukuthandwa njengomuthi wokuhlobisa, wahamba ngezinyawo, emapaki amadolobha. Amagxolo asetshenziselwa ukwesula isikhumba, umthombo wokupenda ophuzi nohlaza. Umuthi ungokomuthi omuhle wezinyosi. Izinkuni zisetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwezindlu, ngendlela yokwakha ophahleni. I-Aspen isetshenziselwa njengento eluhlaza emithi yendabuko, amagxolo namaqabunga abhekwa njengokwelapha.
I-Aspen isetshenziswe kangcono ezindaweni ezibheke kahle, kodwa ingakwazi ukubekezelela i-penumbra ekhanyayo, engafuni inhlabathi, ikhula kahle emhlabathini ompofu futhi onomsoco, onomsoco ne-alkali. Okudingekayo kuphela enhlabathini - akufanele kube yomile, isihlabathi, isixhaphozi noma iqhwa. I-Aspen nayo ayibekezelelwanga kahle amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke lezi zici kufanele zicutshangelwe lapho zitshala.
I-Asparagus
I-Asparagus iyinhlobo yezitshalo, ezinama-210 ezinhlobo. Kungakhula ngendlela yobuntshani nezihlahla ezincane. Lesi sitshalo sinama-rhizomes athuthukile, ama-branched aqinile. Kulezi zinhlamvu kukhona amagatsha afana nesinal. I-Asparagus ingakahleleki, amaqabunga amancane, amelwe yi-scaly noma ama-specimens. Lesi sitshalo siqhakaza nge-efihlekile encane eqoqwe ku-inflorescences eyodwa, ye-thyroid noma ye-racemose.
Imbali inezinhlangothi ezingu-6, ezihlelwe emibuthanweni emibili. Esikhundleni sembali, izithelo zakhiwa ngendlela yeberry, equkethe imbewu eyodwa noma eziningana. Amajikijolo anombala obomvu noma okhanyayo ovuthiwe. I-Asparagus ingatholakala kwisimo sezulu esisezingeni eliphezulu eNyakatho Melika, eYurophu, e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Australia naseNew Zealand.
Uyazi? I-Asparagus i-aphrodisiac yemvelo. EGreece lasendulo, abasanda kushada bembethe izinsika ezivela kulolu sitshalo emakhanda abo ukuze kubonakale ukuvela kwenzalo, futhi emikhosini yomshado yaseFrance etafuleni labashadile kwakukhona njalo okungenani izitsha ezintathu ze-asparagus.
I-Asparagus ivame ukusetshenziswa njengemifino esetshenziselwa ukuthengiswa. Amahlumela abaluleke kakhulu ama-asparagus officinalis, angakhula angaphezu kuka-20 cm, anenhloko engekho ehlukanisiwe, kulo mhlaba iyasiza kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwabantu. Amahlumela abilisiwe, akheniwe, alungiselela isaladi nezobho. Ama-asparagus amahlumela asetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko, futhi isisekelo esitholakala esitshalweni sisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwamakhambi asekhaya.
I-Asparagus yisitshalo esilukhuni kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukhethe isayithi lokufika ngokucophelela, indawo kufanele ivuleke kahle, ingabi namandla, itshalwe kangcono ngakwesokunene kwesayithi. Lesi sitshalo sikhetha ukukhula emhlabathini onesihlabathi onomhlabathi ocebile.
Phakathi komndeni omkhulu wemifino yemifino, ubhontshisi ubeka ngokuzethemba phakathi kwezinhlobo zokuqala ngokuqashelwa, ngakho-ke sincoma ukuthi uthole ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu ze-asparagus ubhontshisi, ukuthi ungakhula kanjani, kune-asparagus ewusizo kanye nobhontshisi we-asparagus yomzimba, kanye nokuthi yiziphi zokupheka zokuvuna ubhontshisi be-asparagus ubhontshisi.
I-Poplar
I-Poplar ingokwezihlobo zemithi ekhulayo ekhulayo, enezinhlobo ezingu-95. Umuthi uphakeme ngamamitha angu-50, ngezinye izikhathi ngamamitha angama-60, ne-trunk ububanzi obungaphezulu kwe-1 m, umqhele unomumo oyingqayizivele. Ekhasini elimnyama noma elimnyama elimnyama kunemifantu eminingi. I-Poplar ibonakala ngesimiso esiqinile sempande, esisebusweni futhi sihamba ngamamitha amaningi kusuka esihlahleni. Amaqabunga e-poplar atshalwa ngokunye, amacwecwe angama-lanceolate noma ama-oval avulekile, anezinsiza.
Izimbali ziqala ngaphambi kokuphuza amaqabunga, izimbali ezincane zitholakala kuma-inflorescences ama-catkins asele emagatsheni. Esikhundleni sembali amafomu ebhokisi - isithelo esinembewu encane enezinwele eziningi. Imbewu i-oblong noma i-oblong-ovate, emnyama noma emnyama. I-Poplar yande kakhulu enyakatho yezwe, ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziphansi zaseChina, indawo yokuzala, eMelika, eMexico naseMpumalanga Afrika.
Sincoma ukuthola ukuthi yini i-poplar emhlophe, i-pyramidal, nokuthi yini ewusizo poplar omnyama.
I-Poplar ibonakala ngokuba khona kwezinto ezibomvu ezikhanyayo, ezizibophezela kahle ekusetshenzisweni futhi zisetshenziswe njengento eluhlaza ekukhiqizeni iphepha. Ezindaweni eziphansi ehlathini i-poplar isetshenziswa njengezinto zokwakha. Amahlumela esitshalo angaba umthombo wokuthola idayi e-violet kanye nengxenye enamagatsha edayi ephuzi. I-Poplar itshalwe njengesihlahla somhlobiso, ukulima izitshalo emadolobheni, ngaphezu kwalokho, umuthi uyisitshalo esihle kakhulu senyosi.
I-poplar ayifuni emhlabathini futhi ingakhula kunoma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi, ikhetha izindawo ezishisayo. Ibekezelela imithombo yamanzi namazinga aphezulu angaphansi komhlaba, kodwa ifuna ukuphefumula emoyeni kanye nokudla okunomsoco kwenhlabathi, ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha indawo yokutshala, qaphela lezi zici.
I-pistachio
I-Pistachio iyinhlobo yezihlahla ezivuthiwe noma eziqhamukayo nezihlahla, ezinezinhlobo ezingu-20. Lesi sitshalo sinesimiso sezimpande ze-bunk, izimpande zihamba ngaphezu komqhele ongama-30 m no-15m - ngokujula. Umuthi ubhekene nokuba khona koqweqwe olumnyama lwamagxolo amnyama, ngokugqoka amaqabunga amahlumela amancane. Amaqabunga e-pistachio ayingcosana, abe neqenqemeni eliqinile, elikhanyayo. Izimbali ziyingcosana, zihlangene ezincane ze-inflorescences zombala ophuzi, obomvu, omnyama, endaweni ebonakala izithelo ze-drupes, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa.
Umuthi ukhula e-Afrika, eMedithera, e-Asia nase-Central America.
Uyazi? Ngokokuqala ngqa, izithombo ze-pistachio zanikelwa eYurophu kusuka eSiriya ngo-1 tbsp. n i-er Umbusi waseRoma uVilellius, amaNtaliyane ayethanda isikhuni kangangokuthi ama-pistachios aqala ukufaka izitsha ezahlukahlukene.
Ngenxa yokuthi i-pistachio inokhuni oluqinile futhi oluqinile, lisetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa, futhi likhiqiza izinhlayiya zokukhiqiza ama-varnishes. Amaqabunga aqukethe amathane amaningi asetshenziselwa ukucubungula isikhumba. Umkhiqizo ovelele kakhulu we-pistachio umuthi ngamantongomane e-pistachio, okubhekwa njengomkhiqizo owusizo futhi owusizo. Amantongomane adliwa yiwo ngokwawo noma asetshenziselwa ukulungisa izitsha ezihlukahlukene.
I-pistachio ingahlwanyelwa kwi-sierozem, inhlabathi ensundu. Lesi sitshalo sinothando, isomiso simelana, sithanda inhlabathi equkethe i-calcium eningi. Hlala kangcono enhlabathini enhlabathini futhi ulondoloze i-acidity nge-pH 7.
Thola ukuthi i-pistachios iyasiza kanjani abantu nokuthi ingaba yingozi uma idliwa ngokungalawuleki.
Isipinashi
Isipinashi iyinhlobo yezitshalo ezinomsoco ozinhlobo ezintathu. Ingabe uneminyaka eyodwa ubudala noma oneminyaka emibili ubudala, ikhula kuze kube ukuphakama kwama-50 cm, ingaba nge-naked, ilula noma i-branched. Amaqabunga ahlelwe ngamabili, abe ne-oval, isakhiwo se-oblong esinqenqemeni oluqinile. Amaqabunga anezakhiwo ezibushelelezi noma ezinesibindi, izimbali ezincane, eziqoqwe nge-paniculate inflorescences yombala ophuzi okwenziwe nge-spike, lapho kuvela khona izithelo ezincane. Isipinashi sikhula e-Iran, eCaucasus, e-Asia Ephakathi, e-Afghanistan njengesivuno sasendle, kodwa futhi utshalwe yonke indawo ukulima endaweni yezimboni.
Isipinashi yisitshalo esibalulekile esidliwa futhi sisetshenziswe eluhlaza, senezelwe kuma-saladi, abilisiwe, okuthosiwe, okuphekiwe. Isetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko, njengoba inezinto zokwelapha futhi inikeza ukwelashwa kwezifo ezithile.
Kuyoba okuthakazelisayo ukufunda ngalokhu: izakhiwo ezizuzisa isipinashi emzimbeni, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukeneko, kuzokusiza wena ukuba ufunde konke mayelana nokukhula kwalesi sitshalo, indlela yokutshala isipinashi efasiteleni eligcwala unyaka wonke nokuthi yimaphi amalungiselelo angenziwa kuwo ebusika.
Isipinashi sidinga isayithi lokufika, likhetha inhlabathi evundile, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyihlwanyela kwisayithi ehlanganiswe nodaba oluphilayo. Ikhula kahle enhlabathini eyisihlahla, ingakhula esihlabathini, kodwa ngesimo sokuphuza njalo.
Umswakama omuncu
U-sorrel omuncu luhlobo lwesitshalo se-herbaceous se-Sorrel yenhlobo. Lesi sitshalo sinemipompi, izimpande ezincane kakhulu futhi ezinamagatsha, ezibonakala ngokuba khona kwesimiso sokuma, zingafinyelela ubude obuyi-1 m. Isiqu siyisiliva, esisekelweni se-tinge eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Amaqabunga akhula kusuka empandeni, ahlala isikhathi eside, i-petiolate, enesisekelo somcibisholo, ohlangothini oluqinile kanye ne-vein central vein, ipuleti ifinyelela ubude obuyi-20 cm, amaqabunga ahlelwe eceleni. Izimbali zitshalwe kwi-paniculate inflorescences, zibe nombala obomvu noma obomvu. Esikhundleni sezimbali kuvela imbewu enxantathu, inombala emnyama, ibushelelezi, icwebezelayo. Lesi sitshalo sivame eNyakatho Melika, e-Asia, eYurophu, e-Western Australia.
I-sorrel inezinhlobo eziningi zokuphulukisa, ngakho-ke sineluleka ukuba ufunde indlela yokukhula i-sorrel, kunokuba i-sorrel ewusizo inomsoco nokuthi ungalungisa kanjani i-sorrel ebusika,
I-sorrel enomsoco isetshenziswe njengomkhiqizo wokudla, ngakho-ke iyalinywa ngendlela yemifino yemifino. Ngesisekelo se-sorrel silungiselela isobho oluhlaza, i-borsch, amaqabunga asetshenziselwa ukuwafaka. I-Sorrel isetshenziselwa imithi yendabuko, amaqabunga kanye nejusi angaphatha izifo ezihlukahlukene.
Kungcono ukutshala i-sorrel endaweni ekhanyisiwe, okungcono ngokuthunjwa. I-Sorrel ayifuni emhlabathini, kodwa isayithanda inhlabathi elula noma i-loamy elula, ikhula kahle emhlabathini. I-Sorrel ikhetha ukukhula emhlabathini onenhlabathi enezitshalo eziphansi komhlaba.
Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ze-dioecious zande emhlabeni wonke futhi zingamelwa ngotshani, izihlahla, izihlahla, nemivini yamasayizi ahlukene. Zihluke ngokuphelele, kodwa zihlangene ngento eyodwa - ngekhophi elilodwa, izimbali zesifazane nabesilisa azikwazi ukuhlala ndawonye. Isici esinjalo kufanele sicatshangelwe lapho kutshalwa izitshalo ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kungenzeka ukuvota impova nokwakhiwa kwe-ovary.
