I-Andromeda iyaziwa ngabalimi abaningi basekhaya. Lesi sitshalo esimnandi esihlala njalo sivame ukuhlobisa noma yikuphi ukuma komhlaba. Yingakho le shrub exotic njalo ngonyaka inqoba inamba ekhulayo yezindawo ezingenamuntu futhi iba yinto ecacile yangempela yobuciko bezwe. Kodwa-ke, akubona wonke umuntu owazi ukuthi kufanele anakekele kahle kanjani lesi sitshalo nokuthi yini edingekayo ukuze enze izimo ezifanele. Kulesi sihloko sizoqonda ukuthi yiziphi i-andromeda, futhi sithole izimfihlo eziyinhloko zokulima ukuphumelela engadini.
Incazelo ye-botanical
I-Andromeda eminingi-amaqabunga yi-exrtic shrub esivamile yomndeni we-heather. Lesi sitshalo sinokubonakala okuphawulekayo nokubonakala okubonakalayo. Isiqu sommeli ojwayelekile wezinhlobo zezilwane ezinwabuzelayo, ezincane ezinama-branched, ezithwala imithwalo yemifucumfucu, nezakhiwo ezibushelelezi. Amahlumela esitshalo sokuqothula, ekhuphuka, enesibindi futhi enzima, enobomvu obomvu noma obomvu. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kusezingeni lika-15-40 cm.
Amaqabunga e-stem ayenesikhumba futhi abe nesimo se-lanceolate, emaphethelweni ahlanganiswe emhlabathini. Ekude bafinyelela kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-5 cm, futhi ngobubanzi - akukho ngaphezu kuka-8 mm. Amaqabunga aphezulu futhi agcwele shades aluhlaza. Engxenyeni engenhla yeshidi elinomlingisi we-sheen, ngenkathi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga matte, nge-blossom ephaphathekile.
I-rhizome ye-andromeda ihlukaniswe, ifakwe kancane, ifomu layo ifana nethambo esitholakala emcongeni we-mossy. Ngokukhula okusebenzayo, kungakhiqiza amahlumela amaningana angaphezulu komhlaba, lapho izitshalo ezizimele zikhula khona.
Uyazi? Isici sesici sesimiso se-andromeda yilokho okuthiwa i-mycorrhiza - ukuhlala ndawonye okuzuzisayo kwe-rhizome ye-shrub enezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-fungi yenhlabathi.
I-Andromeda blooms kusukela ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Septhemba. Ngalesi sikhathi ku-shrub kubonakala sengathi i-drooping, i-pinkish (kusuka e-pink ephuzi kuya e-red shades ekhanyayo) izimbali ezinama-pedicels amancane okubomvu. Baqoqwe ezincane ze-inflorescences zezingcezu eziningana. Izimpande zezimbali zivame ukungena, umcibisholo ugoqa noma uhlangothi. Ukugxila embali kwakha izingcezu ezingaba ngu-10. Ngemuva kokuziqhakaza esihlahleni, i-pyatignezdny isithelo-ibhokisi, i-spherically igcwele imbewu eminingi, izithelo.
Ukusabalalisa nokuhlala
Indawo engokwemvelo ye-andromeda yizindawo zehlathi nezindawo eziningi zaseNyakatho Melika nase-Eurasia, wehla ebhanini eliphansi le-alpine geographic. Ngokuvamile ezimweni zemvelo, i-shrub ingatholakala emahlathini asehlathini lama-coniferous, kanye nasezindaweni ezikude ze-peatlands noma emadlanzini. E-CIS, lesi sitshalo sikhula esifundeni saseCarpathia, naseSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Kule ndawo, i-shrub iyimmeleli ejwayelekile ye-flhagnum noma amabhugi e-moss.
Kuyo yonke inkathi, izitshalo ezinjalo ezimi njalo zizokuthokozisa ngokuzihlobisa okuqhubekayo: umphathi, i-Badan, i-astilba, i-geykher, i-hellebore, i-stonecrop, i-viola, i-tradescantia.
Sebenzisa kumklamo we-landscape
I-Andromeda isetshenziswe ngentshiseko ekuklanyeleni kwe-landscape cishe noma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kokubili kwezinhlobo zonyaka nezikhathi ezimilayo. Kodwa ngokuvamile kaningi i-shrub isebenza njengelungele ukuhambisana nalabo okuthiwa i-Alpine slides. Le ngxenye ye-landscape yindawo eqoshiwe eqoshiwe enombala encane. Ihlinzekela ukudala izinyawo, amathafa, iziqongo zezintaba, kanye nezindawo ezingenalutho ezinamatshe ezinezitshalo ezijwayelekile endaweni ngayinye. I-Andromeda kuleli cala iba yinto evelele kakhulu kulo lonke ukwakhiwa, kanye nenye yezinhlobo ezivelele.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-shrub iyasetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-groundcover, evame ukusetshenziswa ukulwa nezimila ezingadingeki engadini. I-carpet eqinile ye-andromeda inqanda ngokuphelele ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane, lokhu kwenza kube lula ukuthi unqobe ukhula futhi unikeze umuntu ubunikazi, kodwa futhi uxazulule ngokuphelele inkinga yokugaya. Ngakho-ke, ihitshi eliqinile elivela ehlathini lihle kakhulu ekuhleleni izindawo ezincane nezincane.
Uyazi? I-Andromeda isetshenziselwa kabanzi ngezinjongo zezokwelapha. Izitshalo ezihlukahlukene ze-shrub zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza imithi yokulwa nokukhwehlela, ikhanda, kanye ne-pathologies yesistimu yokuzala abesifazane.
Ukukhula ekhaya
Izitshalo zokuhlobisa okungajwayelekile zenza iningi labalingani bethu hhayi injabulo yokuzijabulisa kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinkinga eziningi. Iziqephu zezwe ngokuvamile azinazo zonke izimo ezidingekayo ukuze sikhule ama-atypical kumhlaba wethu wendawo. 
Ukwakha icebo elihle, uzoba nesithakazelo sokufunda mayelana nemiklamo yamazwe, izandla zobuciko kanye nezithombe zensimu, okungukuthi: ingadi yembali yamathrekhi amasondo noma amatshe, ama-wattle, ama-gabions, ama-rock ase-arike, ama-ladybugs, ukuboshwa kwemibhede, ukuhlanzwa kwe-wax solar.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ukutshala i-andromeda emakhayeni abo afanelekile afaneleke endaweni egcwele ilanga noma emthunzi. Kodwa lesi sitshalo sizwa kahle kakhulu e-penumbra, eduze nezinhlobo ezinkulu zokuhlobisa.
I-shrub itshalwe emigodini encane engama-30 cm ejulile, lapho inhlabathi yomdabu isuswe khona ngokuphelele. Le nqubo ingenye yezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu zokutshala isitshalo, ngoba ayibekezelelanga izimo ezingahambisani ne-alkaline noma i-alkaline, ngakho-ke i-andromeda kufanele ikhule kuphela emagcekeni okufakelwa.
Kubalulekile! Ezindaweni ezivulekile nezikhanyayo, i-andromeda ikhula ngesimo sezinga eliphakeme lokubumbana kwesimo esivamile, e-penumbra isihlahla sikhula kakhulu futhi singaphezulu kakhulu.
Umhlabathi nomanyolo
I-Andromeda inezinhlamvu eziningi, njengamalungu onke omndeni waseVereskov, uthanda inhlabathi evundile ene-pH ebangeni lika 3.5-5, Ngakho-ke, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe kuphela kuma-substrates acilic fertile. Noma kunjalo, izimo zenhlabathi azihlangabezani nezidingo kuzo zonke izakhiwo zasendlini. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni senhlabathi yomdabu, inhlanganisela ekhethekile yomhlabathi ehlanganisa i-peat, isihlabathi, i-sawdust, izinaliti eziwile (kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela) ithululelwa esiqhingini.
Inhlabathi kufanele ihlolwe ukusabela kwe-asidi usebenzisa isibonakaliso esikhethekile, ngaphandle kwalokho isitshalo singase sife. Uma kungenayo i-acidity enganele, i-substrate kumele ibe ne-acid acidified ngokusebenzisa i-peat.
Inhlabathi enjalo ayidingi umanyolo owengeziwe, kodwa, ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukuwuthululela ngamanzi acidified ngesilinganiso: amalitha ayi-10 ketshezi ngalunye 1 sq. imibhede yemifino. Isixazululo silungiswa ngesisekelo se-citric (1 tsp / 3 l amanzi), oxalic (1 tsp / 3 l amanzi), i-acetic (10 g / 1 l amanzi) noma i-9% yama-malic acid (10 g / 1 l amanzi). Kodwa i-sulfuric acid ehlanjululwe (5-10 ml / 1 l amanzi) ingcono kakhulu kulokhu, kodwa ukuthola akulula.
Kuzoba usizo kuwe ukuthi ufunde kabanzi mayelana nezinhlobo ezahlukene nezindawo zomhlabathi, umanyolo wazo, indlela yokuzimela ngokuzimela ngobuningi bomhlabathi esakhiweni, ukuthi ungayikhipha kanjani, futhi uthole ukuthi kuncike ekutheni uthuthukise kanjani inhlabathi.
I-Andromeda kumele idliwe kanye ngonyaka., ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi ekhulayo esebenzayo. Izitshalo ezinamaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi eziqinile ("Kemira Universal" noma umanyolo we-hydrangeas) zifanelekile ngale njongo.
Amaminerali omanyolo asetshenziswa ngendlela emile, ngokubala kwe-1 tbsp. l / / 1 ehlathini, ngokufafaza umfaniswano womanyolo ezungeze isihlahla. Ukudla okungeziwe akudingekile, kodwa ukuthuthukisa izitshalo nokukhula kumele kuphekwe izikhathi ezingu-1-2 phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula nokusebenza kwezimbali.
Ukunisela nokuswakama
I-Andromeda idinga ukuchelela njalo, ikakhulukazi eshisayo. Isitshalo sidinga ukuphuziswa nsuku zonke, okungenani izikhathi ezingu-1-2 ngosuku, futhi kushisa kakhulu kusasa, kubalulekile ukufakaza ngamagatsha e-shrub esitokisini. Endabeni yezikhathi eside zemvula, ukuphuza isihlahla kwenziwa njengoba kudingekile.
Ukunisela, sebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile ekamelweni lokushisa. Njalo emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10-15, inhlabathi kufanele ihlale ishintshwe kanye. Ukwenza lokhu, amanzi okuchelela ahlanjululwa nge-citric (1 tsp / 3 l amanzi), i-oxalic (1 tsp / 3 l amanzi), i-acetic (10 g / 1 l amanzi) noma i-9% yama-malic acid (10 g / 1 l amanzi).
Kubalulekile! Esikhathini esishisayo, izihlahla ze-andromeda kumele zihlanganiswe nge-sawdust noma izinaliti eziwile, lokhu kuzokusiza ukuvikela isitshalo ekungcoleni okukhulu.
Uhlobo lokushisa
Lesi sitshalo asibekezelelisi isikhathi eside sokushisa, ngakho-ke ngaphambi kokutshala kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuthi umbhede onamahlumela uzoba wethambile kakhulu futhi uvikeleke ekukhanyeni kwelanga.
Ukushisa okukhulu kwalesi shrub ngezikhathi ezifudumele zonyaka kungaphakathi + 20-25 ° C, kodwa isitshalo sikwazi ukumelana namazinga aphezulu okushisa. Ngakho-ke, izibonelo ze-andromeda eziwusizo kakhulu zingatholakala kwisimo sezulu esishisayo. Ukuze isitshalo ekushiseni uzizwe ukhululekile, ungakhohlwa mayelana nokuchelela okwengeziwe.
Ubusika kaningi kuyenzeka ku-andromeda kahle. Le shrub iyakwazi ukumelana nama-frosts asele, kuze kube ku--45 ° C. Kodwa ukuze ama-frost angathinti ukuvela kwesitshalo, kufanele ahlanganiswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ungasebenzisa izinto ezikhethekile zokugqoka izitshalo noma usebenzise amahlumela amancane.
Ukuzala
I-Andromeda iveza kahle, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sendawo esanda. Yingakho i-flowerbed eluhlaza neyindilinga ye-andromed ikwazi ukuthola ngokushesha. Inqubo ivame ukuqhutshwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngosizo lwembewu noma ngokwemvelo.
Imbewu
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza kwi-shrub, kwakhiwa izithelo ezincane, enezimbewu, yizona eziyinhloko yembewu. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngobuningi, ngqo emhlabathini ovulekile, owakhiwe ngaphambilini (i-acidified substrate ye-peat, isihlabathi, i-sawdust nezinaliti eziwile kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela). Isikhathi esihle sokuhlwanyela ukuphela kwekwindla. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa emithonjeni encane ngokujula okungaphezulu kwama-5 cm, emva kwalokho iyanisela ngamanzi amaningi acidified ngokuya ngenqubo echazwe ngenhla.
Izithombo ze-Andromeda ziyabonakala entwasahlobo, emva kokuqala kwe-thaw tangible. Ngalesi sikhathi, kubalulekile ukutshala futhi ukhule amahlumela, singakwazi ukunciphisa izitshalo uma kunesidingo. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imbewu yokuhluma, ingaqala ukuhluma ngezimbiza ekamelweni lokushisa. Ukuze benze lokhu, bahlwanyelwa ezinkalweni ezincane zamasimu 4-5 ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-thaw, bese izithombo zitshalwe enhlabathini evulekile.
Vegetative
Ukukhiqiza izitshalo zalokhu shrub kwenzeka ngokuhlukanisa i-rhizome noma ukuxhunyelelwa. Uma ukhiqiza nge-rhizome phakathi entwasahlobo, udinga ukumba izihlahla ezincane ezenziwe embhedeni, bese uzihlukanisa ngokucophelela ezimpandeni zomzali. Emva kwalokho, izihlahla ezincane zingatshalwa endaweni entsha. Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikwazi ukungena ngokusheshisa, kufanele sondliwe ngemifino eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kufanele iphuze ngokweqile ngezinsuku ezingu-20-30.
I-Andromeda cuttings ivunwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, ngokushesha ngemva kokuqhakaza. Ukwenza lokhu, amahlumela amancane angaba ngu-5-7 cm ubude anqunywa amahlumela wonyaka, emva kwalokho atshalwe endaweni yokushisa noma endaweni evulekile kwi-substrate yokufakelwa (ingxube ye-peat, isihlabathi, i-sawdust kanye nezinaliti eziwile). Uma ukhula ezindaweni ezivulekile zenhlabathi kufanele uhlanganiswe nokugubungula ngeplastiki ukuze udale umphumela wokushisa. Ngezinsuku ezingu-20-30, izitshalo zathululela kakhulu ngamanzi, emva kokunqunywa kwezicucu, ziboniswa ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, izitshalo ezinjalo kufanele zihlale zimbozwe ngendwangu ye-peat engaba ngu-3 cm, kanye ne-spunbond. Ngonyaka ozayo, i-cuttings ilungele ukufakelwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Kubalulekile! Ukuze ukwandise ukusebenza kahle kwe-rooting, ama-cuttings kumele aphathwe ngokukhushulwa okukhethekile okwenziwayo kwezihlahla ezincane.
Izinkinga ezinokwenzeka ekukhuleni
Izinkinga eziyinhloko abalimi abhekene nazo ekukhuleni kwe-andromeda yizinto ezilandelayo:
- Ubuningi be-acidity yenhlabathi. Ngisho nokuguqulwa okuphelele kwenhlabathi kusukela embhedeni kuya ekusebenziseni ngokucophelela, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, ngenxa yezinqubo zemvelo, inhlabathi ibuyiselwe ngokuphelele kwizinga le-pH elingathathi hlangothi. Ngakho-ke, kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula, kubalulekile ukuqapha le nkhomba ngokusiza izinkomba ezikhethekile.
- Ukukhukhula kwezitshalo ngamanzi aqhakazile. Lokhu kuholela ekubhubhiseni nasekufeni kwe-shrub, ngakho-ke umbhede ngamunye kufanele uguzwe kahle, futhi amanzi amathenda kufanele, uma kungenzeka, asuswe ngaphandle kwesayithi.
- Ukushisa okushisayo. Le nqubo ivela ngenxa yokuvulwa kokugcina kwesitshalo; ukuze kuvikelwe, isendlalelo esikhukhulayo kufanele sisuswe ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthungatha kuqala.
- Ukuphuza amanzi angaphezu kanzima. Lokhu umswakama kubangela ukuguqulwa kwenhlabathi, okuholela ekuvimbeleni ukukhula nokufa kwezitshalo. Ukuze ugweme i-salinization, i-andromeda kufanele iphuze ngamanzi noma amanzi adidisiwe.
Izinambuzane, izifo nokuvimbela
Izifo ezivame kakhulu kwi-andromedic multifilament zifaka:
- i-chlorosis exubekile - ebangelwa ukungabi nsimbi, i-potassium, i-magnesium ne-nitrogen emhlabathini, lesi sifo sibonakala ngesimo sezindawo ezincane eziphuzi kulezi ziqephu;
- i-necrosis yeqabunga - ingumphumela wokuntuleka kwezakhi, umhlabathi we-acidity nezinye izimo ezikhulayo, kubonakala njengamabala amnyama amancane akhula phezu kwesikhathi ukuqeda ukubhujiswa kwamaqabunga;
- ukubola okumpunga - isifo esithathelwanayo esibangelwa u-fungus encane I-Botrytis cinerea, lesi sifo sibonakala njengeqhwa elikhanyayo emahlumela, okwenza kancane kancane ukuthi amaqabunga awele phansi kanye nokufa kwesitshalo;
- entomozy - isifo esiyinkimbinkimbi esibangelwa izinambuzane, ngokuvamile okuwumphumela wokunqotshwa kwezilokazane zasemhlathini zomndeni Curculionidae: izinambuzane zidla ngokudla amahlamvu, okuholela ekuthuthukiseni kwawo nase-necrosis.
Uyazi? I-copper sulfate (ithusi sulfate) yatholwa ngo-1648, ngenxa yomshuwalense waseJalimane uRudolf Glauber. Embonini yokudla, le nto ibhaliswe njengesithako sokudla E519 - isilondolozi.
Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela izifo kwi-andromeda enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi:
- ukulimala kwenhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala;
- Ukufaka umquba ofike ngesikhathi esifanele ngamaminerali amaminerali;
- ukugubha embhedeni wemibandela enhle yomhlabathi namanzi;
- ukulawulwa kwe-acidity inhlabathi;
- sebenzisa amanzi athambile wokunisela;
- ukuhlolwa okuvimbela izitshalo;
- ukwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile embhedeni wembali ngezinto zokuzivikela (ikhambi le-copper sulfate, i-Topaz, i-Fundazol).
I-Andromeda eminingi-leaved iyisitshalo esimnandi esiyingqayizivele esingabangela injabulo yobuhle phakathi nenkathi ekhulayo. Noma kunjalo, ukutshalwa kwalesi shrub kudinga izimo ezikhethekile. Lesi sitshalo sidinga inhlabathi ecebile, kodwa i-acidic, ukukhanya okhethekile nokulawulwa kwamanzi, kanye nokwelapha okuvimbela izinambuzane. Ngaphansi kwazo zonke lezi zimo, ukutshalwa kwe-andromeda kuyophumelela.
