Oleander

Oleander (I-Nerium oleandr) - isihlahla esihlala siluhlaza esiqhamuka emndenini wakwaKutrovy. Lesi sitshalo savela ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweMedithera. Izihlobo zakhe eziseduze ziyizitshalo ezi-herbaceous, imivini enobuhlalu kanye nezihlahla ezinkulu ezishisayo. Endle, kwenzeka ngesimo samakati amade (afinyelela kumamitha amane) ezinamandla ezigodini zemifula ye-Asia Minor, ezintabeni zeCaucasus, ekhula e-Algeria nase-Italy. Uhlobo lwesiko lwalesi sitshalo lunye kuphela, futhi basibiza nge- oleander "ejwayelekile"! Endaweni evulekile, zikhulile futhi zisetshenziselwa ukwakheka kwezindawo ogwini lolwandle Olumnyama naseCrimea.

Ezindaweni ezitholakala enyakatho, lesi sitshalo sifakwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nasekhaya. I-Oleander ikhula ngokushesha, ikhula ngo-30 cm ngonyaka. Ekhaya, ingakhula ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2, uma unganqunyelwe ukukhula kokuthena. Ifulethi livame ukuhlala iminyaka eyi-15, kepha uma uphinde uvuselele isihlahla futhi ulinakekele kahle, lingaphila isikhathi eside. Izimbali ziyaqhubeka kusuka kuJulayi kuya ku-Okthoba. Kumahlumela, izimbali ezinkulu ezigqamile zihlobene nama-buds angaqhathwanga, ngakho-ke kubonakala sengathi ziqhakaza njalo.

Izici eziwusizo ze-oleander

Isitshalo sinobuthi kodwa i-oleandrin ne-konain - i-glycosides ye-cardiac equkethe amaqabunga ayo, kumithamo emincane iyasiza ekwelapheni ezinye izifo zenhliziyo. Emithini yesintu, i-tincture yamaqabunga e-oleander isetshenziselwa ukukhanda ikhanda, i-tachycardia, ukuqwasha, ukukhathala kwezinzwa, i-furunculosis kanye ne-lichen. Emithini yezilwane, ama-tinctures asetshenziswa ukwenza kusebenze ipheshana lesisu futhi elapha ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo yezilwane okubi kakhulu.

Ukuzindla kwesihlahla esiqhakaza kusiza ukubhekana nobubanzi besikhathi sonyaka. Kusetshenziselwa ukwakheka komhlaba ukwakha ama-accents agqamile kulayini weqembu. Tshala i-phytoncidactically - ihlanza futhi uvuselele umoya. Amafutha abalulekile asetshenziswa kumakha.

Izici zokukhula ekhaya. Kafushane

Isimenywa esivela ezindaweni ezingaphansi ezinomswakama oshubisayo, esizwela kuyo yonke inkathi yokunakekelwa. Labo abathatha isinqumo sokutshala i-oleander ekhaya ngeke badinge ulwazi olubanzi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokubekezela okukhulu ukudala izimo zokuphila zesitshalo esifanelekile:

Lapho unakekela i-shrub, kufanele wazi ukuthi kunezici ezikhulayo. Kuyadingeka ukwakha isihlahla. Engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza, lesi sitshalo sinqunywa ngesigamu, amahlumela aseceleni - ngu-10 cm. Imbali ithanda umoya omusha. Igumbi lapho litholakala livame ukukhishwa emoyeni, ehlobo isihlahla siyiswa engadini noma kuvulandi (bavikelekile kokungakapheli). Isitshalo sinobuthi, kuyadingeka ukusebenza ngamagilavu.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Oleander ekhaya. Ngokuningiliziwe

Ukuze uzizwe ukhululekile e-oleander yasekhaya, kufanele usibhekele ngokucophelela isimo sayo futhi wanelise isidingo sokushisa, ukukhanya, amanzi.

Izimbali

Ukuqhakaza i-oleander yangaphakathi kungumbala ogqamile futhi ocekeceke. Ukusuka kuJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kukaOkthoba, izeluleko zokuthi amahlumela amnyama anamaqabunga aluhlaza aqoshwe umqhele ngama-inflorescence aqhakazile ezinhlanga. Izimbali ezinkulu zipendwe ngombala omhlophe, obomvu, o-lilac, opinki noma ophuzi. Bakhipha iphunga elimnandi; ingaba lula, i-terry ne-semi-kabili. Imvamisa imbali yakhiwa izinhlamvu ezinhlanu, kepha izinhlobo zezitry zingaba neziningi.

Ama-Buds afana ne-rose efihlekile. Ukusondela kwezimbali ezinezimbali ezingaphenduleki kunikeza umbono wokuthi i-oleander yasekhaya iqhakaza njalo. Ukuqhakaza kwakukuhle futhi kukuhle, isitshalo kufanele sitshelwe. Uma shrub ingatholi ukukhanya okuningi ehlobo, ingahle iqhume. NgoNovemba, izithelo zivuthwa - ibhokisi elinembewu - izim parachutes.

Imodi yokushisa

Ukusiza isitshalo ukujwayela impilo efulethini, kubalulekile ukugcina uhlelo lokushisa olufanele. Isitshalo yi-thermophilic, ngasikhathi sinye sizwela kakhulu ekushiseni kwegumbi. Ebusika, i-thermometer akufanele iwele ngaphansi kuka-5 + C, ehlobo + 18 - 27 ° C kubhekwa njengokushisa okuphezulu. Akathandi ukushisa okukhulu, kepha akufanele kube khona izinguquko ezingazelelwe.

Efulethini, ukushisa kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nomoya owomile, ongabekezelelwa kahle. Ngesikhathi sokushisa, ungafaki isitshalo eduze namabhethri. Kuyadingeka kaningi ukungena egumbini, fafaza isihlahla.

Ukufafaza

Ukufafaza yinqubo ebalulekile esiza izitshalo ezishisayo zizivumelanise nokuphila egumbini elinomoya owomile. Abalimi abaningi basekhaya bagcina lembali ekhaya epallet enobumba olumanzi olumanzi, lokhu kwanele ukuba azizwe ekhululekile ehlobo nasentwasahlobo.

Ekushiseni ngokweqile, kwesinye isikhathi lesi sitshalo siyafafazwa (ntambama, sifiphaza imbali ukuze kungabikho ukushiswa kwamaqabunga). Ubusika, umoya iba oma kusuka kuma-radiator okushisa afafazwe nsuku zonke.

Isibani

Ukuze i-oleander ikhule kahle futhi iqhume kahle, ukuhamba ekhaya kuhilela ukuyakhela indawo ekhanyiselwe kahle. Uma lesi sitshalo sinokukhanya okuncane, ngeke nje senqabe ukuqhakaza, kodwa futhi izolahla amaqabunga. Alithandi indawo ekhanyayo kuphela, ukukhanya kufanele kukhanye.

Isihlahla esisha esilethwa esitolo sijwayela kancane kancane ukukhanya kwelanga. Isitshalo esidala sithande uhlangothi oluseningizimu lwendlu, lapho kunokukhanya okuningi, kepha sinombala omncane ntambama. Uma izimo zivumela ukuthi isitshalo sibekwe kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho yendlu, kufakwa i-luminescent noma i-phytolamp.

Ehlobo, amakhasi asemancane ayiswa engadini noma kuvulandi, kodwa abekwe endaweni evikelwe umoya odlayo.

Ukunisela

Ngokunisela kudingeka uqaphele. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-oleander iyisitshalo esithanda umswakama, ayikwazi kuthululelwa. Umswakama owengeziwe uzokonakalisa izimpande. Isihlahla sigcinwa ngesikhathi esifudumele esikhwameni esinobumba olumanzi olumanzi. Ngentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo, inisela lapho isigaxa esingaphansi soma ngaphezulu.

Ekwindla nasebusika - kaningi, cishe kanye njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Ukunisela kwenziwa ngamanzi afudumele, ahleliwe. Ngemuva kwalokho inhlabathi ifakwe emanzini ukuze umswakama uqhubeke isikhathi eside. Lapho kubanda kakhulu, kukhishwa amanzi aphuma epanini.

Usayizi webhodwe

Ukuze ikhule ngokugcwele, ichume ngokufanele futhi isikhathi eside, udinga ukukhetha imbiza efanele yona. Ubukhulu bebhodwe buxhomeka eminyakeni yobudala beshishi. Uma esemncane kakhulu, amandla amancane azowenza. Njengoba isihlahla sikhula, uhlelo lwaso lwezimpande luyaguquka. Ungasitshala masinyane ebhodweni elikhulu: kuphela impande ezokhula, ukukhula kwamaqabunga kanye nokwanda kwenani labo ngeke kwenzeke. Embizeni encane, ukukhula kwesihlahla kuvinjelwe, impande izokonakala.

Uma izimpande ziqala ukubonakala emhlabathini, izimpande ziqala ukukhula futhi zihlangane, kudingeka imbiza enkulu kakhulu. Kukhethwe isitsha esisha ukuze izimpande zesitshalo zivumelane ngokukhululeka, khona-ke izakhi zomswakama kanye nomswakama kuzoba khona kuzo. Kubalulekile ukuhlanganisa usayizi wembali nobukhulu besiqukathiukuze isihlahla somuntu osindayo singangeni ebhodweni elincane njengoba likhula. Umuthi ungowezitshalo "zenhlabathi enkulu": ukuze ukhule udinga indawo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isihlahla somhluzi sidluliselwa kusuka ebhodweni siye kubhavu.

Inhlabathi

Lapho ukhetha inhlabathi, udinga ukunaka i-acidity yayo: kufanele ibe hlangothi noma i-alkali kancane (pH ezungeze 7, 8). Thenga isilinganisi esiseqediwe noma ulungiselele ingxube yenhlabathi ekhaya kusuka ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo ze-humus, i-peat, umhlaba we-sod nesihlabathi (perlite).

Isitshalo sidinga inhlabathi evundile futhi enamanzi amaningi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lapho i-substrate isebenzisa yonke imithombo yezithako zayo namandla ayo, izoqala ukubukeka kabi. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhlabathi ivuselelwa.

Umanyolo nomanyolo

Ukufaka umquba nokufaka amakhambi ngezisombululo eziyinkimbinkimbi kuyadingeka ekuhlolweni okujwayelekile. Ama-fertilizer kufanele aphathwe ngokucophelela ukuze angawenzi buthaka isihlahla ngokukhuthaza ngokweqile futhi angaphazamisi ukulungiswa kwesigaba sokuqhakaza.

Ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, i-oleander iniselwa izikhathi ezi-2 ngenyanga ngomanyolo womquba ovutshisiwe kabili wezitshalo ezifuywayo. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngemuva kokunisela kusihlwa noma esimweni sezulu esinamafu.

Ebusika, isihlahla asondliwa ukuze siphumule kahle futhi silungiselele umjikelezo omusha wezitshalo.

Ukufakelwa

Ukudlulisela isitshalo se-oleander inqubo ebalulekile esiza isitshalo ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zasekhaya. Amabhishi amasha atshalwa minyaka yonke, abantu abadala - lapho kuvela isidingo - ngokuvamile njalo ngeminyaka emi-3. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa entwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Isitshalo sidinga ukufakwa esikhundleni lapho izimpande zaso zizungeza isigaxa sodaka. Ukususa ngokucophelela isitshalo emhlabathini, hlola uhlelo lwezimpande. Uma izimpande zididekile, zixhunywa ngokucophelela. Izingcezu ezilimele ziyanqunywa, izindawo ezisikiweyo zifafazwe ngofulawahle wamalahle.

Ungqimba olugqinsiwe lwamatshe abunjiwe, isitini esaphukile noma ubumba olwandisiwe lithululelwa phansi embizeni. Thela inhlabathi. Faka isihlahla esitsheni bese usifafaza ngenhlabathi. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungqimba lomhlabathi lungafinyeleli emaphethelweni ebhodwe ngo-1, 5 - 2 cm, khona-ke kuzoba lula ngokwengeziwe ukunakekela imbali. I-oleander etshaliwe iyaniselwa, ifakwe emanzini bese ishiyelwa endaweni enomhlanzi izinsuku eziningana ukuze ikhule. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14, isihlahla singondliwa. Lapho isitshalo sikhula, kuba nzima ukusiphatha. Kulokhu, buyisela indawo engaphezulu.

Izihlahla

Ukuqaqa kuyindlela yokwenza umqhele. Isitshalo sakha kuphela amahlumela amasha, ngakho-ke, ekugcineni kwehlobo noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isihlahla sinqunywa phakathi, bese amahlumela aseceleni afushaniswa ngo-10 cm. Ama-inflorescence akhiwa emahlumela amancane avele ngemuva kokusikwa. Amagatsha wokusika angabangelwa. Ngaphansi kwama-buds wezimbali, kwakheka amahlumela aqinisekisiwe ukuthi azosuswa: zivimbela ukukhula kwesihlahla.

Uma i-oleander inqunywe ngaphambili, ukuqhakaza kwezimbali akunakubonwa. Isihlahla seShrub senziwa njalo ngonyaka futhi siyisihluthulelo sezimbali ezinhle ezinhle kakhulu ngesizini ezayo nokukhula okuhle kulo nyaka. Izinwele zenziwa ngamagilavu ​​ukuze ijusi le-milky lesitshalo lingangeni ezandleni.

Isikhathi sokuphumula

Isikhathi sokuphumula siwela ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - maphakathi noFebhuwari. Isitshalo ngalesi sikhathi sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama- + 8 - + 15 ° C ngokukhanya okugcwele, ngaphandle kwalokho i-oleander izowaphonsa amaqabunga futhi ngeke iqhume. Ukunisela kuyancishiswa, kanti umanyolo ngokuvamile uyashiywa. Isitshalo asiphazanyiswa yilutho, kufanele siphumule ngokuphelele.

Ukuzala

Ukusakazeka kwendlu kungenzeka ngokusika kanye nembewu.

Ukusakazeka kwe-oleander ngokusika

Ukusakazeka ngokusikeka kuyindlela ephumelelayo futhi engabizi yokusakazeka.

• Sika ihlumela ngobude obuyi-15 - 20 cm ngamahlumela ambalwa namaqabunga ama-3.
• Amaphuzu wokusika athulwe nge-carbon powder.
• Isibambo sibekwa engxenyeni emanzi yesihlabathi, amalahle kanye nezitini zezitini (isihlabathi sifafazwa sizungeze isibambo ukuvikela ukubola).
• Isithombo sishiywe sinezimpande emazingeni okushisa angama-21 21 C nokukhanya okwanele. Kwesinye isikhathi isiqu sakhiwe emanzini ngokufafaza amalahle amancane aqhekekile kuwo.
• Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingaba ngu-30, izimpande zizovela, futhi isitshalo singatshalwa ebhodweni elihlukile. Isihlahla siqhakaza ngonyaka ofanayo.

Ukukhula kwe-oleander kusuka ezinhlanyelweni

Ukuzala kabusha ngembewu kwenziwa ngokushesha nje emva kokuqoqa: basheshe balahlekelwe ukuqhuma.

• Imbewu zifakwe amahora amaningi kusisombululo se-potanganum permanganate futhi sihlwanyelwe enhlabathini emanzi ngaphandle kokujula.
• Mboza ngefilimu, wenze izimbobo kuyo. Suka ku + 21 ° C.
• Ifilimu lisuswa ukuchelela kanye airing.
• Emavikini 1, 5, kuzovela amahlumela. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga eqiniso e-2, angena emabhodweni ahlukene.

Zombili izinketho zokuzalela zicacile futhi ziyafinyeleleka. Kepha lapho kusakazwa imbewu, lesi sitshalo sikhula isikhathi eside, futhi izici zokuhlukahluka ziyalahleka.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ngokunakekelwa okungafanele, i-oleander ithinteka ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Lapho-ke ungabona ukonakala kwendlela abukeka ngayo:

• amaqabunga oleander eba amabala - ukulinyazwa ukhunta (lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha; ukuze isitshalo singafi, kumele siphathwe ngokushesha nge-fung fung, susa izingxenye ezithintekile);
• amabhuleki awavulwa - imbali iyabanda (faka endaweni efudumele);
• oleander aluqhakaza - ukuntuleka kokukhanya, ukushisa, amanzi, izakhi zomzimba, ukuthena okungafanele, umoya omncane (ukuphinda uhlelwe endaweni ekhanyayo, efudumele, amanzi, ukufaka umquba, i-ventilate);
• amaqabunga ayawa - ukuntuleka kokukhanya ekwindla nasebusika, isitshalo siyabanda (setha isibani sangemuva; hlela kabusha endaweni efudumele, ehlobo kusuka emgwaqweni ukuletha ekhaya ebusuku);
• at oleander ishiya imile futhi iwe - ukuntuleka kokukhanya nomswakama (hlela kabusha endaweni ekhanyayo, amanzi);
• amaqabunga aphuzi - Umanyolo ongafanele, umswakama owedlulele (lungisa umanyolo, unisele ukuthambisa);
• kwehla imiqumbe - Ukunisela ngamanzi abandayo, isitshalo siyabanda (hlala kabusha endaweni efudumele, amanzi kuphela ngamanzi afudumele);
• amachashazi amnyama kumaqabunga - isifo se-fungal (phatha nge-fungicide);
• ishiya ishabalale futhi ishabalale, ama-inflorescence alahlekelwa ukuhlobisa kwawo, ama-buds abekwe ehlobo, angavuli ekwindlaMina - isibani esincane (hlela kabusha endaweni ekhanyayo, setha isibani sangemuva);
• amathiphu amaqabunga womile - umoya omile egumbini (fafaza, ufake epallet ngodaka olunwebekile olumanzi).

Ngomoya owomile ongaphakathi, ukuswela ukukhanya, umswakama ngokweqile, izinambuzane zingahlasela isihlahla. Imvamisa, imbali ihlushwa ama-aphid, izimbuzane zesigcawu, izinambuzane ezikala, ama-mealybugs. Zonakalisa ukubukeka kwe-oleander, kuyigaye. Akulula ukubhekana nabo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwabo kusenesikhathi ngokulungisa izinga lokushisa nomswakama.

Izinhlobo ze-oleander yasekhaya enezithombe namagama

I-oleander eyenziwe ekhaya iyatshalwa eningizimu yeYurophu. Kukhona inhlobo eyodwa kuphela - i-oleander ejwayelekile. Izinhlobo zayo zihlukaniswa ngemibala ehlukahlukene, ubukhulu be-inflorescence.

UTerry pink oleander

Isihlahla esinamakhompiyutha esidlula imitha ubude sinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani oluhlaza olufana namaqabunga e-willow. Ama-buds amaningana angavulwa ngasikhathi sinye. Izimbali ezinkulu ze-hue emhlophe-pink. Ifunwa kakhulu ngokukhanyisa umoya omncane. Iqhakaza kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile.

Oleander mhlophe

Ingakhula ifike kumamitha ayi-2. Iqhakaza kusuka ehlobo kuya phakathi ekwindla. Ukubukeka okungazethembisi, kuvame ukutholakala emahhovisi. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga ansundu anombala omnyama, phansi lukhanya. Izimbali ziyimhlophe iqhwa-mhlophe likhulu noma zibambe kabili. Inephunga elimnandi. Njengokutshala.

Oleander obomvu

Izimbali zibomvu, i-raspberry noma i-burgundy zilula. Kwesinye isikhathi kuhlotshiswe ngedropiki emhlophe emhlophe phakathi noma imivimbo emhlophe.

Oleander ophuzi

Amahlumela aqhakaza isikhathi eside ngezimbali eziphuzi, ezifana ngesimo nezinsimbi. Imbewu ifana nembewu ye-chestnut. Ukusuka kwimbewu engu-1 izimbali eziningana zikhula ngasikhathi sinye.

U-Oleander, isivakashi esiseningizimu evela eMedithera, uzohlobisa ingaphakathi futhi alethe ukuthintana kothando. Ukunakekela isitshalo kudinga ukubekezela nokukhuthala. Ephendula ukunakekelwa, i-oleander izembula izimbali ezintekenteke, inikeze iphunga elithandekayo futhi igcwalise indlu ngenjabulo.