I-Clematis ngotshani obuqhakaza izimbali, i-creeper noma i-shrub evela ku-Ranunculaceae yomndeni. Lesi sitshalo sisabalale kakhulu esimweni sezulu esipholile nesiphansi kuyo yonke iNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Ikhetha izindawo ezinemithunzi, ezinomswakama, ngakho-ke kuvame kakhulu eduze nemifula, emahlathini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi phakathi nendawo yethambeka. Phakathi kwabalimi, lesi sitshalo saziwa nangokuthi i-clematis. I-Clematis isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni komhlaba, zihle kakhulu ekuhlobiseni ama-arbor nama-trellises. Inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo libonakala ngokuqhakaza okukhulu kwezimbali. Emasontweni ambalwa, isiza singcwatshwa ngemibala egqamile nephunga likanokusho lamakhaseji angaqhakaza izimbali.
Incazelo yeBotanical
I-Clematis luhlobo lwe-perennials enesakhiwo esihluke kakhulu. AmaLianas anqoba phakathi kwabo, kepha kutholakala utshani nezihlahlana ezinezihlahla eziqondile noma ezinwabuzelayo. I-rhizome yesitshalo induku futhi i-fibrous. Amahlumela amasha ambozwe ngamagxolo abushelelezi agqamile. Ngokwesakhiwo, zingahlanganiswa noma ziboshwe. Phezu komhlaba kukhona inqwaba engandile yeglandular. Ubude bamahlumela bufinyelela ku-10 m, futhi ububanzi buyi-25 mm kuphela.
Amahlamvu aphambanayo aphambili akhula kubo bonke ubude bezinqubo. Ingaba ephelele, yesundu noma i-cirrus ekhululwe ngemiphetho eqinile. Umbala wamaqabunga uvame ukuba luhlaza, kepha kutholakala izinhlobo ezinamaqabunga ansomi.
Clematis imvamisa blooms entwasahlobo. Izimbali ze-bisexual zikhula zodwa noma ziqoqwe ngesihlangu, panicles nakuma-umbrellas. Ama-petals akhanyayo ku-corolla atholakala ngezingcezu ezingama-4-8, kanti ezinhlotsheni zezitayela zingafinyelela ku-70. Eqinisweni, ama-petals angamathuna. Zithola umbala omhlophe, ophuzi, opinki, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Imvamisa kuba nemifudlana noma imichilo ebusweni. Umgogodla omuhle kakhulu uqukethe inani elikhulu lama-stamens acwebile omthunzi ohlukile. Ingxenye yoshintsho lwama-stamens futhi ifana nezinqubo ezakhiwe ngamatshe. Imbali ngayinye ihlala amasonto amathathu. Iphunga lawo liyinkimbinkimbi impela, linamanothi wejasmine, i-almond nezinongo. Ngemuva kokuvota, ama-achenes noma izimpande eziningi zivuthwa nge-stylodiya (impumulo enoboya).
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo
Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 eziyinhloko kuhlobo lwesitshalo. Abaningi babo banezinhlobonhlobo ezimbalwa zokuhlobisa. AmaBotanists anikezela ngezigaba eziningana zalezi zitshalo ngokuya ngendawo lapho kwaqhakaza khona amahlamvu, ngokuya ngosayizi wezimbali namanye amapharamitha.
Clematis Jacquman. Iqembu lezinhlobonhlobo, elibonakala ngamagatsha aqhakazile, aguquguqukayo aphakathi kwamamitha ayi-4,5 ubude. Amaqabunga eCirrus, anezingxenye ezingama-3-5, akhula kuwo. Izimbali ezidwetshiwe zihlelwe kahle noma ngamaqembu anezicucu ezi-3. Abaziphunga futhi bangaba nombala ngaphandle kokumhlophe. Ububanzi bentyatyambo bufinyelela ku-8-20 cm. Izinhlobonhlobo:
- Ikhadinali yeRouge - amahlumela aguqukayo afinyelela ku-2,5 m ubude ambozwe ngamahlamvu kathathu nezimbali ezinsomi ezinobubanzi obungu-15 cm;
- Star of India - isihlahla esifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ukuphakama sinezimbali ezi-oval loaded eziqhakaza izimbali ezinkulu ezigqamile onsomi.
UClematis uyasha. Umvini we-Woody ukhula ngo-4-5 m ukuphakama. Inamaqabunga angakhokhelwa anama-lobvo amaningi ama-ovoid. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngoJuni-Agasti. Zenziwe ngopende omhlophe, zibe nezinsimbi ezincane futhi zinobubanzi obungu-2-3 cm. Ama-buds aqoqwe ngama-inflorescence aluhlaza we-panicle. Izinhlobo ezihlukene "uMiss Bateman" ziqhakaza izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa ezimhlophe ezinama-stamens amnyama onsomi kabili ngonyaka.
Clematis Manchu. Isitshalo esidala amagatsha simelana nobandayo, kepha sidinga ukukhanyiswa okuhle. Amahlumela agobekayo, angenawo lignified akhula ngo-1.5-3 m ubude. Amaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile anemiphetho emide ayincane ngosayizi. Ehlobo, wonke imifino ifihlwe izimbali eziningi ezincane ezimise okwenkanyezi ezinephunga elimnandi, elimnandi.
UClematis waseTangut. Isihlahla esihlotshisiwe esinezimpande eziqondile, ezivumbayo emikhawulweni. Ngokwesiko, ingafinyelela ku-3 m ukuphakama. I-rhizome ibaluleke kakhulu, kanti amahlumela aboshwe. Amaqabunga e-pinnate ayinkimbinkimbi anezingxenye ezi-oval anemibala eluhlaza okotshani. Akhula kakhulu. Izimbali ze-tulip ezimise okomhluzi zinama-peals aphuzi noma e-beige. Ububanzi babo buyi-35-40 mm. Imbali ngayinye isendaweni evulekile.
UClematis uphuzi. Amahlumela agobekayo afinyelela ku-3.5 m ubude ambozwe ngamahlamvu avulekile. Izinhlobonhlobo zikhanga ngezimbali ezinkulu (10-20 cm). Ngombala we-petals kukhona ama-shades ahlukahlukene ansomi. Izinhlobo:
- Umoya wePoland - isiqu esingu-4 m ubude embozwe ngamakhorali ansomi angaba ngu-8 cm ubukhulu;
- IVille de Lyon - i-liana enezimpande ezihlotshisiwe yakha isihlahla esikhulu esinamaqabunga abunjiwe noma aphelele futhi iqhakaza izimbali ezinkulu ze-carmine (cm 10-15) ezinama-stamens aphuzi aphuzi.
Izimbali zeClematis. Amahlumela ancibilikisiwe aze afike ku-3 m ukuphakama ehlobo ambozwe ngezimbali ezinkulu ezinamakha. Amacembe awo anombala opinki okhanyayo ngombala. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Vivian Pennel - enezimbali ezingama-terry lilac ezinobubanzi obungu-12-15 cm;
- I-Comtess de Busho - isitshalo esikhula kancane esinamahlumela afinyelela ku-4 m ubude, siqhakaza izimbali ezinkulu ze-lilac-pink;
- Ukuthunjwa kwe-Purpurea elegans - izimbali ezi-pink ezigcwele ukukhanya.
Izindlela zokuzala
I-Clematis ingasatshalaliswa ngembewu nangokushunqisa imifino. Ukusakazwa kwembewu kufanelekile ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zezitshalo, ezimila kancane. Izinhlobo ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi wembewu:
- ihlumela elincanyana kunazo zonke ngokuthula emavikini ama 2-8;
- osayizi abaphakathi nendawo ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-6;
- izithombo ezinkulu, ezingalingani kakhulu zivela ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5-8.
Imbewu encane ihlwanyelwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi emikhulu ngoDisemba noma ngaphambili. Kuyanconywa ukuthi kutshalwe izithombo. Ukutshala isitoko kufakwe emanzini izinsuku ezingama-7-10 emanzini afudumele, aguqulwa kaningana ngosuku. Izitshalo zikhiqizwa ebhokisini elingashoni enengxube ye-peat, isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi yengadi. Zivalelwe ekujuleni kuka-5-10 mm. Isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sigcinwa emazingeni okushisa + 25 ... + 30 ° C. Ngezikhathi ezithile fafaza umhlabathi futhi uvule umoya obamba ukushisa. Ngokuvela kwezithombo, ukukhanya okukhanyayo kodwa okungahambi kahle kubalulekile. Lapho izithombo zikhula amaqabunga ayi-2 angempela, zidonswa ezimbizeni ezihlukile. Ekufakweni komhlaba okuvulekile kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Okokuqala, i-clematis ibekwa embhedeni wokuqeqesha endaweni ene-shaded enebanga elingama-15-20 cm.Izihloko zezihlumela zivame ukubekwa uphawu. Kudingeka indawo yokuhlala ethembekile ebusika. Entwasahlobo, ukufakelwa okulandelayo kwenziwa, kukhulisa ibanga ukuya ku-50 cm. Eminyakeni engu-2-3 yeminyaka, izithombo zikulungele ukutshala endaweni ehlala njalo.
Ukuzala kabusha ngokugoqa kusebenza kuyasebenza impela. Kusetshenziswa ehlobo nasekwindla. Yize izingqimba zasehlobo zikhula ngokushesha, ziba zimbi kakhulu. I-peduncle kumele isuswe iye kwizinso eziseduze. Emhlabathini, yenza i-groove enobubanzi obukhulu be-peat bese ulungisa igatsha ngalo lonke ubude. Ukusuka phezulu imbozwe ngomhlaba futhi ihlanganiswe. Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, isihlahla sifakwa kahle. Amahlumela amasha avela entwasahlobo, kanti ekwindla isitshalo sizokwakhiwa ngokuphelele futhi silungele ukuhlukaniswa. Ukumba kwenziwa ngemfoloko ukuze kungalimali izimpande ezintekenteke.
Amabhasi angaphansi kweminyaka engu-6-7 angahlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Ama-rhizomes amadala athuthukile kakhulu, okulula ukulimaza. Entwasahlobo, izihlahlana zibunjiwe ngokuphelele, zikhululwe emhlabathini futhi zinqunywe ukusikwa ngommese noma ngozimele. Ingxenye ngayinye kufanele ibe nezinso eziningana esifundeni sentamo yezimpande.
Ungasakaza i-clematis nge-cutways. Kulokhu, amahlumela aluhlaza okotshani noma ancishisiwe anezimpande ezi-2-3 asikwa ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo kanye nehlobo. Ingxenye engezansi iphathwa nge-stimulator yokukhula (i-Epin, Kornevin). I-Rooting yenziwa kangcono endaweni ebamba ukushisa ekhethekile enomswakama ophezulu kakhulu, isebenzisa izifutho ezikhethekile zenkungu enenkungu. Izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe + 18 ... + 20 ° C. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile akuvunyelwe.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle
Ukutshala i-clematis kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesithwathwa. Kungcono ukukhetha izithombo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe. Uma lesi sitshalo sathengwa ngenkathi ebandayo, kuze kube entwasahlobo sigcinwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa angaphansi kuka- + 5 C C, esitsheni esine-sawdust emanzi noma esihlabathini.
Indawo ekahle yokutshala i-clematis yigumbi elibonakale kahle futhi elingakashalwanga engadini. Ilanga elikhanyayo lizokwenza okuhle, kodwa futhi kuhle uma isithunzi siwela esithendeni ntambama. Ukusondela kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kuyinto engathandeki. Umhlabathi kumele ukhululeke futhi ube nomsoco, ungasabeli noma uthambekele kancane kwe-alkali. I-Optimum loam ngokufakwa kokhilimu.
Imigodi yokufakelwa imbiwa ibangeni elingaba ngu-30 cm ukusuka odongeni lwendlu noma uthango. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo kumele okungenani libe yi-1 m. Ungqimba olubanzi lwezinto zokudonsa amanzi kufanele luthululelwe ezansi kwendawo yokwenzela. Uma kunesidingo, kufakwa ufulawa wesihlabathi ne-dolomite. I-Superphosphate inconywa ngokushesha. Umsuka wempande nengxenye yesiqu ku-internode yokuqala kwehliswa ngaphansi kwephasi.
Ukunakekelwa kwansuku kufaka ukuthambisa okuvamile. Isomiso isikhathi eside asithandeki kuma-clematis. Ehlobo elishisayo, njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3, amabhakede amanzi angama-1-4 athululelwa ngaphansi kwesihlahla.
Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi livulwa njalo lukhululwe ukhula. Ukwenza lokhu okuvamisile, kunconywa ukufaka iziyingi zembuthano nge-moss noma ngeqabunga leqabunga.
Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, umquba ngokuvamile awudingeki. Kamuva i-clematis ifakwa ngamakhompiyutha amaminerali. Ngaphambi kokuba ama-buds avele, kwethulwa isixazululo somanyolo we-potassium, futhi ekugcineni kwezimbali, Umanyolo we-phosphorus. Entwasahlobo, ama-bush ongeziwe ayaphuziswa ngesisombululo kafulawa we-dolomite noma lime. Ukuze uvikele isikhunta ukuthi singakhuli ngesikhathi sezulu esine isikhathi eside, umbuthano wesiqu kanye namahlumela kuphathwa ngomlotha wezinkuni. Kuyinto engathandeki ukusebenzisa i-peat kanye ne-organics.
Ukuze uqinise ngokuqinile i-liana ngokuqondile, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa imidwebo ekhethekile, imibhoshongo kanye nezakhiwo zesimo esehlukile. Kancane kancane, amahlumela aba nesisindo impela, ngakho-ke izisekelo ezinzile ezinobubanzi obufika ku-10-12 mm kufanele zisetshenziswe.
Ukuthena kudlala indima ebalulekile, kukuvumela ukuthi uhlale ukhange isikhathi eside futhi kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwama-buds amaningi. Ukubumba kwenziwa ehlobo, ngemuva zom. Izitshalo ezakha izimbali amahlumela ngonyaka owedlule zisuswa ziyingxenye yezinqubo zakudala nezibuthakathaka ezisekelweni. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene lapho izimbali zibonakala ngokulinganayo kumahlumela amadala nasencane asikwa aze afike kubude obungamasentimitha angama-50-100. AmaClematis anezimbali kuphela amahlumela aluhlaza asikwa kancane izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, kuthi lapho kuphela isizini anqunywe emhlabathini.
Ekwindla, ihlumela elisele lisuswa ekusekelweni futhi lisontekile, futhi limbozwe ngamaqabunga owomile, amagatsha e-spruce kanye ne-foam ye-polystyrene. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, indawo yokukhosela ihlelwe ngezinto ezingezona ezilukiwe bese zichotshozwa ngezitini. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuyadingeka ukususa indawo yokukhosela bese uqonde amahlumela.
IClematis izinzile impela. Akuvamile ukuba bahlaselwe yizifo. Ubungozi obukhulu izifo ezithathwa fungal (wilting, Powdery isikhutha, ukugqwala, grey bola). Ngokushesha ngemuva kokutholwa kwalesi sifo, udinga ukusika izingcezu ezonakele emhlabathini bese uzicekela phansi. Zonke ezinye izimila ziphathwa ngeFundazol. Phakathi kwama-parasites, ama-nematode ayingozi kakhulu. Lapho sithelelekile, lesi sitshalo kanye nenhlama yomhlaba siyabhujiswa. Amagundane, ama-thrips kanye nama-midges nawo angahlala, lapho ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane kusindisa khona.
Sebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba
Ngenxa yomqhele omnyama nezimbali eziningi, ama-clematis adumile kakhulu phakathi kwabaqambi bemvelo. Isetjenziselwa ngenzalo engadini ethe mpo, ukuhlobisa imigwaqo, amakamelo, ukuhlobisa izakhiwo zamapulaya uthango. Ingasakazeka emhlabathini, njengekhaphethi ekhanyayo, emnyama. Inkampani clematis engadini ingenza viburnum, jasmine, conifers, peonies, spirea, ukuhlekisa up.
